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Preparation And Low-Temperature Sintering Of Cu Nanoparticles For High-Power Devices
Preparation And Low-Temperature Sintering Of Cu Nanoparticles For High-Power Devices
A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb
One of the fundamental requirements for high-temperature electronic packaging is reliable silicon attach with low and stable electrical resistance. This paper presents a study conducted on Cu nanoparticles as an alternative lead-free interconnect material for high-temperature applications. Cu nanoparticles were prepared using pulsed wire evaporation technique in water medium. Pure Cu nanoparticles without any organic mixture were used in this paper. An economical approach to extract the nanoparticles from water was established. In situ Cu nanoparticles oxide reduction was successfully done using forming gas $({\rm N}-{2}{\hbox{-}}5\%{\rm H}-{2})$. Cross-section analysis on bonded interface shows onset of Cu nanoparticles sintering at 400$^{\circ}{\rm …
Effects Of Pre-Treatments And Drying Temperatures On The Drying Rate And Qualityof African Catfish (Claris Gariepinus), Michael Ayodele Omodara, Adesoji Matthew Olaniyan
Effects Of Pre-Treatments And Drying Temperatures On The Drying Rate And Qualityof African Catfish (Claris Gariepinus), Michael Ayodele Omodara, Adesoji Matthew Olaniyan
Michael Ayodele Omodara
Effects of pre-treatments and drying temperatures on the drying rate and the quality of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus was examined by drying samples of catfish under four different temperatures (40 0C, 45 0C, 50 0C and 55 0C) and four different pre-treatment methods (Salting, Sugaring, Blanching, and Control) using an experimental dryer. Drying of the fish samples for all the pre-treatments at 40 0C to 55 0C occurred in the falling rate period only showing that the predominant mechanism of mass transfer in drying process of catfish is that of internal mass transfer. The drying rate increases with increase in …