Engineering Commons^™

Impact Of Clay Contamination On Rutting Performance Of Asphalt Mixes, Sharmila Afsha

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Sustainability of asphalt mixtures can be improved by using natural sands. They can enhance workability and lower the amounts required for asphalt binder and manufactured fine aggregate of mixes. However, one of the primary concerns with incorporating natural sands in a mixture is clay contamination. Harmful clays are chemically active particles that swell when exposed to moisture and reduce the bond between aggregate and asphalt binder. As a result, this study explores the effect of clay contamination on the rutting and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes. Twenty-one clay combinations of material passing the 0.075 mm (#200) sieve were selected utilizing …

Nebraska Balanced Mix Design – Phase I, Farzad Yazdipanah, Mahdieh Khedmati, Hamzeh Haghshenas

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Balanced mix design (BMD) is an alternative concept for designing asphalt mixtures that mainly focuses on performance of mixtures rather than only volumetric analysis. Using this concept, it would be possible to account for the incorporation of recycled asphalt mixtures, warm technology, polymers, rejuvenators, and other foreign additives, as well as external effective factors on the mix design such as environmental effects. This project sought to investigate performance-based methodologies for the asphalt mix design by taking a step to develop a preliminary Nebraska BMD framework. With that, selection of appropriate performance tests, finding a functional laboratory aging protocol, and defining …

Assessing The Influence Of Overweight Axles On Rutting Lives In Flexible Pavements Using Parametric Survival Analysis, Ali Hatoum, Jamal Khatib, Firas Barraj, Adel Elkordi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The existence of rutting or permanent deformation on flexible pavement layers has always been a concern that negatively affects the performance of roads by reducing the lifespan of pavement structure and by posing a safety risk for vehicles over the road. Traffic overloading is one of the primary factors that accelerates the deterioration of flexible pavement. This study aims to determine the time to failure of the flexible pavement structures associated with rutting, to indicate the most significant factors affecting rutting, and to assess the influence of overweight axles on pavement rutting life using parametric survival analysis. The data used …

Harmonizing Asphalt Mix Selection With Pavement Structural Design, Mahdi Saghafi

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The state-of-the-practice in asphalt concrete (AC) mix design and pavement structural design are based on two divergent concepts. The laboratory tests that are used for mix design, especially under the balanced mix design concept, are pragmatically accelerated surrogate tests developed to ensure the stability or ranking of mixes. Pavement structural design methods, being empirical or mechanistic, ignore these laboratory test results, in favor of other mechanical parameters. As such, the selection of the type of mix to be placed on a project is based on the local experience, and a set of consensus limits, rather than the demand of the …

Evaluation Of Fine And Coarse Graded Asphalt Mixes, Md Mehedi Hasan

Civil Engineering ETDs

During the last 20 years, asphalt pavements were built in New Mexico (NM) and around the country using mostly Superpave coarse graded mixes as opposed to fine graded mixes. This is because coarse mix uses larger aggregates with good interlocking and requires less asphalt binder than a fine mix, while both mixes fulfill the Superpave criteria. Recently, it was observed nationally that the Superpave coarse graded mixes have good field rutting performances but poor cracking performances. It is hypothesized that fine graded mix can help improve pavement cracking performances. The idea is, the fine mixes would have less air voids …

Performance Testing Of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified With Recycled Waste Plastic, Shadi Saadeh, Pritam Katawał

Mineta Transportation Institute Publications

Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can …

New Generation Of Performance-Engineered Asphalt Mixtures Based On Balanced Mix Design Concept, Victor Manuel Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Asphalt mixtures must ideally exhibit long-lasting durability and stability to perform wellin the field. However, improving the stability and durability of asphalt mixtures has become a major concern. Given that available design approaches rely mainly on stringent volumetric criteria for asphalt mixtures, design approaches and specifications that incorporate performance tests are needed to follow a performance-engineered mix design (PEMD) process, especially with the introduction of the balanced mix design (BMD) concept

This Dissertation study presents a comprehensive investigation of a feasible designapproach that can be implemented to develop PEMD specifications and produce BMD mixtures. An experimental evaluation of different mix …

Enhancing The Performance Of Asphalt Mixtures Containing High Rap Content With The Use Of Different Wma Technologies, Husam Sadek, Marwa Hassan, Charles Berryman, Mohammad Hossain, Farah Zaremotekhases

Data

The production of Warm-mix asphalt mixtures in conjunction with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has received considerable interest in recent years for economic and environmental reasons. The primary objective of this project is to enhance the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP in Region 6 using different WMA technologies. In this project, the effect of utilizing 0%, 25%, and 35% RAP contents on the performance of different WMA mixtures against rutting, moisture damage, and fatigue cracking are evaluated. The effects of the WMA technologies on the rutting performance of the asphalt mixtures and recovered binders were investigated using loaded wheel tracker …

Enhancing The Performance Of Asphalt Mixtures Containing High Rap Content With The Use Of Different Wma Technologies, Husam Sadek, Marwa Hassan, Charles Berryman, Mohammad Hossain, Farah Zaremotekhases

Publications

The production of Warm-mix asphalt mixtures in conjunction with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has received considerable interest in recent years for economic and environmental reasons. The primary objective of this project is to enhance the performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP in Region 6 using different WMA technologies. In this project, the effect of utilizing 0%, 25%, and 35% RAP contents on the performance of different WMA mixtures against rutting, moisture damage, and fatigue cracking are evaluated. The effects of the WMA technologies on the rutting performance of the asphalt mixtures and recovered binders were investigated using loaded wheel tracker …

Feasibility And Implementation Of Balanced Mix Design In Nebraska, Gabriel Nsengiyumva, Yong-Rak Kim, Jiong Hu

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Balanced mixture design is an alternative asphalt concrete design method that incorporates the performance of mixtures during the design. Balanced mixture design consists of performance test methods and performance criteria. Compared to the existing Superpave design method which mostly relies on volumetrics to design mixtures, balanced mixture design is more suited to account for performance improvements originating from reclaimed asphalt pavement and other foreign additives such as rejuvenators, warm- mix asphalt additives, polymers, and anti-stripping agents. This study investigated the feasibility of the implementation of balanced mixture design in Nebraska mixtures by exploring appropriate test methods (i.e., for fracture and …

Effect Of Light Activated Self-Healing Polymers On The Performance Of Asphalt Pavement Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials (Rap/Ras), Sharareh Shirzad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

A new generation of Ultraviolet (UV) light-induced self-healing polymers was introduced for the asphalt pavement application with the aim to enhance pavements durability while increasing its service life. The developed self-healing polymer was mixed with asphalt binder using two different methods, passive and reactive. For the passive method, the cured self-healing polymer was ground to smaller particle size and then it was mixed with asphalt binder using a high shear stirrer and at a high temperature. For the reactive method, self-healing polyurethane pre-polymer was added to the asphalt binder at a lower temperature and lower shear rate compare to the …

Laboratory Evaluation Of Cold In-Place Recycling Asphalt Mixtures Using A Balanced Mix Design, Ahmed Saidi

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research study is to present a procedure for designing Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) mixtures through balancing cracking and rutting for these mixtures. Eight CIR mixtures were prepared using two recycling agents (foamed and emulsified asphalts), then cured for three days at two temperatures (140oF and 50oF), and compacted at two gyration levels (30 and 70 gyrations). The CIR mixtures were prepared at constant dosages of water and cement, 3% and 1%, respectively. Air void of each CIR performance test specimen was determined using the CoreLok device. The rutting susceptibility of these mixtures was then evaluated using …

Treated Versus Untreated Aggregate Bases For Flexible Pavements: A Nationwide Comparitive Study, Hemant Gc, Mena I. Souliman

Civil Engineering Theses

Aggregates are a major part of highway construction and its quality as well as strength affects the overall performance of the pavement structure. The base material near the construction site does not always meet the strength requirement needed for the pavement construction and the hauling of quality aggregate increases the construction costs. For better use of local available materials, stabilizing agents such as lime and asphalt cement have been utilized to increase the strength of crushed aggregate bases. Performance of pavement structures is heavily influenced by the thickness of the structure as well as material properties of each layer. The …

Use Of Nanoclays As Alternatives Of Polymers Toward Improving Performance Of Asphalt Binders, Zahid Hossain, Ashraf Elsayed

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17BASU01. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"The main goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of the use of nanoclay as an alternative to commonly used polymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), which are used to modify the performance grade (PG) of asphalt binders. Three types of nanoclay and two types of neat binders were selected for laboratory investigation. Different amounts (1, 2, and 3%) of nanoclays were used. A blending protocol has been developed to mix the nanoclay with the asphalt binder. Rotational Viscosity (RV), Dynamic …

Use Of Nanoclays As Alternatives Of Polymers Toward Improving Performance Of Asphalt Binders, Zahid Hossain, Ashraf Elsayed

Publications

The main goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of the use of nanoclay as an alternative to commonly used polymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), which are used to modify the performance grade (PG) of asphalt binders. Three types of nanoclay and two types of neat binders were selected for laboratory investigation. Different amounts (1, 2, and 3%) of nanoclays were used. A blending protocol has been developed to mix the nanoclay with the asphalt binder. Rotational Viscosity (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Optical Contact Analyzer (OCA) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were conducted to evaluate the properties …

Ltpp Data Analysis: Factors Affecting Pavement Roughness For The State Of California, Pedro Zavanga, Alisha Khanal, Mena I. Souliman

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The contributions of pavement structure and features, rehabilitation techniques, climatic conditions, traffic levels, layer materials and properties, pavement distress, and other factors causing changes in pavement smoothness are not well documented. As a result, it becomes difficult to select the appropriate pavement structure, design features and rehabilitation strategies to ensure pavement smoothness. This study focuses on analysing the available LTPP data for asphalt pavements in California by investigating the correlation between the pavement roughness and the effect of pavement temperature, precipitation, fatigue, age of pavement, rutting, and the average annual daily truck traffic. IRI has been identified as the factor …

Mechanistic Analysis And Economic Benefits Of Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures, Ashish Tripathi

Civil Engineering Theses

Fatigue cracking and permanent deformation (rutting) are major distresses that occur in flexible pavements. Four-point bending beam as well as flow number laboratory tests have been used for several decades to evaluate the long-term fatigue and rutting resistance for asphalt mixture, respectively. One of the most significant solutions to prolong the fatigue life and improve rutting resistance for an asphaltic mixture is to utilize flexible materials such as fibers. In 2008 a laboratory testing program was performed on a conventional and fiber-reinforced mixtures to investigate the impact of added fibers on the mechanical, mechanistic, and economical attributes of asphaltic mixtures. …

Influence Of Mix Design Parameters On Performance Of Balanced Asphalt Mixtures, Luiza Helena Barros

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

With the popularity of the Balanced Mix Design (BMD) concept, the need for performance tests that can reliably evaluate the cracking and rutting potentials of asphalt concrete (AC) mixes has become more critical. A great deal of effort has been focused on incorporating test methods that can potentially improve the current AC mix-design processes and consequently screen underperforming AC mixes. However, the influence of mix design parameters on the performanceof BMD mixes that provide pavement engineers and designers with thorough guidelines and a reliable and consistent test protocol has not been extensively documented.

This Thesis presents an experimental evaluation of …

Evaluating The Impact Of Different Types Of Stabilized Bases On The Overall Performance Of Flexible Pavements, Andrae Anthony Francois

Theses and Dissertations

This study was initiated with the aim of evaluating the impact of stabilized and untreated base layers on the performance (i.e., fatigue and rutting) of flexible pavements. Four field sections constructed using stabilized base layers (i.e., bituminous (asphalt emulsion), calcium chloride (CaCl-2), Portland cement, and geogrid stabilized base layers) and a control section constructed using untreated RAP aggregates were analyzed in this study. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted on all the field sections and the collected data was used to backcalculate the elastic moduli for all layers. The influence of the stabilized bases and the untreated RAP base …

Vehicle Multi-Pass Rut Volume And Mobility Power Study, William W. Barbour

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

This paper presents the relationship between applied power by a wheeled vehicle to soil and the rutting effects. Specifically, a strong positive relationship was found between cumulative applied power and total rut volume across multiple passes by the vehicle over the same tracks. Field-testing was conducted using a high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) and two distinct soil types. Sensors on the vehicle measured torque and angular velocity of each of the four wheels, from which applied power was calculated. A rut profile meter was used to document the shape of the rut after set numbers of passes and this profile …

Performances Evaluation Of Cecabase® Rt In Warm Mix Asphalt Technology, Shu Wei Goh, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan, Zhanping You

Michigan Tech Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing different percentages of Cecabase® RT using dynamic modulus (|E*|), tensile strength ratio (TSR), four point beam fatigue, flow number and asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) rutting tests. In this study, 0.2%, 0.35% and 0.5% Cecabase® RT were incorporated in the 5E3 Superpave mixtures prepared at three different temperatures, 100 °C, 115 °C and 130 °C. A Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixture was used as the control mixture. All the mixture samples were prepared using PG 58-34 binder and compacted at 86 gyrations under different …

Rheological Evaluation Of Foamed Wma Modified With Nano Hydrated Lime, Aboelkasim Diab, Zhanping You, Hainian Wang

Michigan Tech Publications

Although the Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is gaining popularity very rapidly and becoming a mainstream technique for producing asphalt mixtures, there are many concerns regarding its long-term performance. Over the years, the Regular Hydrated Lime (RHL) has gained considerable recognition as a common additive to bituminous pavements. However, the Nano Hydrated Lime (NHL) (particle sizes 100 nanometer (nm) or less) has not been used as an additive to the asphalt mixtures before. The rheology properties of foamed WMA were studied since the pavement performance is primarily controlled by the rheological properties of asphalt cement. NHL materials with particle sizes of …

Rheological Study Of Asphalt Binders With A Wax-Based Warm Mix Additive And Its Relationships To Mix Compaction And Rutting, Rajan Saha

Doctoral Dissertations

Although the energy saving Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology that produces asphalt mixes at lower temperatures are around for about a decade, there still exist some concerns that are hindering its wide spread implementation. The overall objective of this study is to investigate if the viscosity reductions at higher temperatures have any impacts on asphalt mix compaction and rutting performances. This study reveals that there exists a critical temperature for each asphalt binder below which viscosity will increase with addition of Sasobit®. Therefore, compaction below the critical temperature can negatively impact density.

For PG 64-22, the critical temperature is 104 …

The Effects Of Fundamental Mixture Parameters On Hot-Mix Asphalt Performance Properties, Wenbin Zhao

All Dissertations

Asphalt pavements are composed of three components: aggregate, asphalt binder, and air. In the process of plant production and on-site construction, the construction quality can vary in the three component and the variability can further affect a pavement's future performance.. This research identifies aggregate gradation, binder content, and air voids content as the fundamental parameters. Understanding the fundamental parameters' influence on the HMA mixture's performance properties can provide valuable information on how to improve the current quality insurance practice. The objective of this study is to conduct well-controlled experiments to investigate how mix gradation, air voids and small range binder …

Strength And Deformation Characteristics Of A Cement-Treated Reclaimed Pavement With A Chip Seal, Bryan T. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research was to analyze the strength and deformation characteristics of a cement-treated base (CTB) constructed using full-depth reclamation, microcracked, and then surfaced with a single chip seal. In this field study, strength characteristics of the CTB layer were determined at the time of construction, and then both strength and deformation characteristics were evaluated after 9 months of low-volume, heavy truck traffic. After 9 months, observed distresses included transverse cracking, rutting, and chip seal joint failure. The loss of the chip seal was caused by poor chip seal construction practices and not a deficiency in the CTB …

Field Evaluation Of Asphalt Overlays On State Route 30 In Northern Utah, Mark J. Butler

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to compare the rutting, cracking, and development of roughness of two asphalt overlay types commonly used in northern Utah and to evaluate how well the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) can predict the observed results. AC-10 and PG 64-34 asphalt overlay materials were paved in a checkerboard pattern at a test site on State Route 30 near Logan, Utah, and observed for 3 years at 6-month intervals. Primary data included rutting, cracking, and roughness. At the conclusion of the 3-year evaluation period, rut depths were 0.08 in. deeper, on average, in the AC-10 overlay …

Integrated Finite Element Analysis Program To Evaluate Pavement Performance And Predict Non-Destructive Testing Response, Cesar Tirado

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The response of a pavement system under wheel loading has been a subject of research for many decades. Several models have been developed to predict pavement performance based on layer deformation and fatigue cracking. Among them stand out computer programs based on linear elasto-static layered systems and viscoelastic-plastic models; however, newer or more advanced constitutive models cannot be rigorously incorporated into them. In contrast, finite element techniques allow incorporation of nonlinear and viscoelastic-plastic behavior of the pavement materials but licensing of software and the need to train personnel greatly limits its use by highway agencies. A mechanistic-empirical (M-E) approach for …

Investigation Of Asphalt Pavement Analyzer Testing Program In Nebraska, Minki Hong, Yong-Rak Kim

Mid-America Transportation Center: Final Reports and Technical Briefs

The asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) has been widely used to evaluate hot-mix asphalt (HMA) rutting potential in mix design and quality control – quality assurance (QC-QA) applications, because the APA testing and its data analyses are relatively simple, rapid, and easy. However, as demonstrated in many studies and also experienced by the state of Nebraska, the APA testing is in question due to its high testing variability and a lack of sufficient correlation with actual filed performance. The primary objective of this research was to find critical materials and/or mixture design factors affecting APA test results so as to eventually …

Effect Of Hydrated Lime On The Laboratory Performance Of Superpave Mixtures, Md Sharear Kabir

LSU Master's Theses

Permanent deformation and moisture damage are the most common distresses found in asphalt pavements today. Extensive experimental studies have revealed that the use of hydrated lime in Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures can reduce permanent deformation, long-term aging, and moisture susceptibility of mixtures. In addition, it increases the stiffness and fatigue resistance of mixtures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the fundamental engineering properties of HMA mixtures containing hydrated lime compared to conventional mixtures designed to meet the current Louisiana Superpave specifications and (2) the influence of the method of addition of hydrated lime on the mechanical properties …

Use Of The Clegg Impact Soil Tester To Access Rutting Susceptiblity Of Cement-Treated Base Material Under Early Trafficking, Garth B. Reese

Theses and Dissertations

In order to avoid the occurrence of early-age damage, cement-treated base (CTB) materials must be allowed to cure for a period of time before the pavement can be opened to traffic. Trafficking of a CTB before sufficient strength gain has occurred can lead to marring or rutting of the treated layer. The specific objectives of this research were to examine the correlation between Clegg impact values (CIVs) determined using a heavy Clegg impact soil tester and rut depths measured in newly constructed CTB and subsequently establish a threshold CIV at which rutting should not occur.The experimental work included field testing …