Engineering Commons^™

Passive And Active Battery Balancing Methods Implemented On Second Use Lithium-Ion Batteries, Walter Bartek

Masters Theses

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) increases, the number of used battery packs that require disposal increases; however, many of these packs still have useful capacity and can be repurposed. When using repurposed large lithium-ion battery packs, deviations between cells within a pack become problematic. These deviations result in a pack that is unbalanced, affecting performance and proving potentially hazardous when charging. Consequently, a battery management system (BMS) is needed. To provide safety, the BMS in this paper monitors and controls the operation of the battery pack. In addition, it controls the redistribution of charge between the cells within …

Multiple Input Single Output Converter With Maximum Power Point Tracking For Renewable Energy Applications, Kenneth K. Nguyen, Taufik Taufik

Master's Theses

In this thesis, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for multiple input single output (MISO) converter is presented such that power generated from multiple individual energy sources can be combined to deliver the maximum amount of power to a common resistive load. Typically, MISO converters will employ techniques that yield equal current sharing from each energy source. However, this may not be desirable since each source may be rated at different power ratings and/or may experience different operating conditions, preventing the system MISO converter to acquire the most available total power from the sources. Utilizing MPPT control would therefore be …

Adaptable Clean Energy Laboratory, Joao Marcelo Rocha Belmonte, Marc D. Compere

Sustainability Conference

The Adaptable Clean Energy (ACE) Lab is a real-world, long term, test platform that will guide the courses of the Energy Systems track. The lab will provide realistic electrical and HVAC loads that mimic a solar powered office. The lab is a 20’ high cube shipping container modified with a door, windows, lights computers, air conditioner and appliances. The lab is Net-Zero and powered entirely from the sun. Two insulation test sections expose the exterior walls for research access to real external heat loads in a real building

Speed Bump Power Generator, Sultan Alanazi, Osamah Abulgaith

All Undergraduate Projects

A large amount of energy is wasted by the vehicles on the speed breakers through friction. Energy can be produced by using the vehicle weight and speed. The team proposes a smart speed breaker that generates power (Speed bump power generator). The device allows vehicles to pass from both sides. The system makes use of mechanical assembly with metal sheets with linkages that press down with spring arrangement. Using the motion and weight of vehicles was the method that the team relied on to design the device. The mass of the vehicles allows the top plate to move the rack …

Power Loss And Thermal Impedance Modeling Of Multilevel Power Converter With Discontinuous Modulation, Md Mazharul Islam, Md. Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The hard switching operation of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based multilevel converters (MLCs) in the transformer less direct integration of renewable power plants produces a considerable amount of switching and conduction power loss. This eventually causes higher junction temperature and lower thermal stability. The third harmonic sixty-degree bus-clamped pulse width modulation (BCPWM) technique demonstrates reduced switching losses and better harmonic spectra. In this paper, an analytical model for calculating the average and the rms currents for the hard switching operation of IGBTs and antiparallel diodes (APDs) is proposed. Furthermore, to calculate the device turn-on and turn-off losses, a discrete …

A New Data Driven Long-Term Solar Yield Analysis Model Of Photovoltaic Power Plants, Biplob Ray, Rakibuzzaman Shah, Md Rabiul Islam, Syed Islam

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Historical data offers a wealth of knowledge to the users. However, often restrictively mammoth that the information cannot be fully extracted, synthesized, and analyzed efficiently for an application such as the forecasting of variable generator outputs. Moreover, the accuracy of the prediction method is vital. Therefore, a trade-off between accuracy and efficacy is required for the data-driven energy forecasting method. It has been identified that the hybrid approach may outperform the individual technique in minimizing the error while challenging to synthesize. A hybrid deep learning-based method is proposed for the output prediction of the solar photovoltaic systems (i.e. proposed PV …

Model Predictive Control For A New Magnetic Linked Multilevel Inverter To Integrate Solar Photovoltaic Systems With The Power Grids, A M. Mahfuz-Ur-Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Danny Sutanto

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The multilevel inverters are becoming increasingly popular for use in the grid integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power plants due to their higher voltage handling capability and the better output power quality. There are several types of multilevel inverters that have been proposed in the literature; among them the active neutral point clamp (ANPC) multilevel inverters have been drawing significant attention specially for solving the problems with other multilevel inverters. However, with the increase of number of levels, the ANPC requires more electronic switches and flying capacitors, by which the complexity and the cost increases. In this paper, an …

Increase In Volumetric Electrical Power Density Of A Linear Generator By Winding Optimization For Wave Energy Extraction, Selim Molla, Omar Farrok, Abidur Rahman, Md Samiul Bashir, Md Rabiul Islam, Abbas Z. Zouzani, M. A Parvez Mahmud

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this article, a method of winding optimization of the linear generator is proposed to increase the electrical power generation from the oceanic wave. A linear generator is designed in the ANSYS/Maxwell environment to analyze the proposed winding optimization method. The electrical and magnetic properties of the generator are extensively analyzed. The cross-sectional area and the number of turns of the copper conductor are optimized to maximize the output power. Load characteristics are also considered for different conductor sizes and turn numbers to determine a suitable operating point. A cooling system is also incorporated in the optimized linear generator to …

Internet Of Things In Sustainable Energy Systems, Abdul Salam

Faculty Publications

Our planet has abundant renewable and conventional energy resources but technological capability and capacity gaps coupled with water-energy needs limit the benefits of these resources to citizens. Through IoT technology solutions and state-of-the-art IoT sensing and communications approaches, the sustainable energy-related research and innovation can bring a revolution in this area. Moreover, by the leveraging current infrastructure, including renewable energy technologies, microgrids, and power-to-gas (P2G) hydrogen systems, the Internet of Things in sustainable energy systems can address challenges in energy security to the community, with a minimal trade-off to environment and culture. In this chapter, the IoT in sustainable energy …

A New Modulation Technique To Improve The Power Loss Division Performance Of The Multilevel Inverters, Md Razon Chowdhury, Md. Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam, A M. Mahfuz-Ur-Rahman

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have offered significant contributions towards the implementation of energy conversion units used in industry and renewable energy applications. However, the switching devices in MLIs are associated with power loss division problems. The pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques greatly influence the peak, average, and ripple values of the device junction temperature. Thermal tension in the devices may be raised due to increased power loss caused by additional switching or uneven distribution of losses due to unbalanced gate pulses. Higher thermal stress accelerates the life degradation process of the power devices and eventually, leads to permanent damage of the …

A New Generalized Step-Down Single-Stage Ac/Ac Power Converter, Md Shihab Uddin, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Shamim Anower, Abbas Z. Kouzani, M Parvez Mahmud

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Most traditional AC/AC power converters suffer from power quality problems and multi-stage power conversion losses. The rectifier and inverter-based AC/AC converter topology not only increases multi-stage power conversion losses, but also increases the volume, weight, and cost, and decreases the longevity of the converter due to the DC-link capacitor, line filter and electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter. High-frequency (about 10 kHz) switching advanced pulse width modulation techniques are generally used in order to compensate the power quality problems, which increase the switching losses and introduce the EMI problems. In this paper, a new generalized step-down single-stage line-frequency switching AC/AC power converter …

Determination Of The Type Of Turbines For Use In Restelica 1,2 And 3 Hydropower Plants Based On The Natural Characteristics Of The River, Bukurije Hoxha

UBT International Conference

The focus of this paper describes the designing procedure of Small hydro power plant implemented in Restelica River, Kosovo. For normal operation of the Small hydro power plant, there must be done measurements of the river basin annually water flow, hydraulic net head of water, to calculate sustainability of water flow, flow duration curve, flow rate, configuration units depending on flow rate etc. The choice of the turbines was made depending on head and flow rate of water from which has resulted in the installation of different turbines that have fit better those conditions. The head losses in penstock are …

Aircraft Hydraulic Systems - Fundamentals, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

Aircraft hydraulic systems are essential non-propulsive power systems. Hydraulic power systems are used to power major functional aircraft systems, such as flight controls (primary and secondary), friction braking, nose gear steering, thrust-reversers, operating heavy cargo doors, etc.

Isentropic Efficiency And Theoretical Analysis Of The Planetary Rotor Expander, Joseph L. James

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Expanders allow pressurized fluids to undergo a pressure decrease in a controlled environment via volumetric growth to extract fluid energy. There are many types of expanders, and the objective of this thesis is to model the efficiencies of the planetary rotor expander (PRE), a century-old design undeveloped due to insufficient manufacturing capabilities (until recently). Geometric relationships are derived and mathematical models are generated to determine the efficiency of the PRE as a function of design variables. Two industrially relevant case studies show that, to maximize isentropic efficiency, the planetary rotor expander (PRE) rotational frequency is maximized and rotor geometry optimized.

Comparative Rack Level Cfd Analysis Of Air To Hybrid Cooling Data Center, Jay Umeshkumar Parekh

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses

The demand of data storage in the world is increasing, with this increase, demand for large data centers is growing. In response, we need to look for energy-efficient solutions to reduce the energy consumptions of the data centers. We want to reduce the energy used for cooling while keeping the data center equipment temperature in allowable range in high power density data center. The liquid or hybrid cooled servers are the alternatives that may be used instead of traditional air-cooled servers at Rack Level for the cooling power - different inlet temperatures and different percentage of hybrid cooling. This will …

Biomethane Production From Distillery Wastewater, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Distillery wastewater treatment is a great ecological problem, for example, India produces 2.7 billion liters of alcohol that results in 40 billion liters of wastewater. However, this material can be seen as a resource since 11 million cubic meters of biogas at 60% methane could be produced in addition to cleaning the water. The distillery has two options of what to do with the biogas. The first is to use the biogas to fuel the distillery making the production plant more energy efficient and removing some of the need to buy natural gas. The other is to upgrade the biogas …

Dc To Dc Usb-C Charger, Nikki Gmerek, Kenneth Nguyen, Uriel Serna

Electrical Engineering

The DC House USB-C Charger will convert the 48V input from the DC house, found on the Cal Poly campus, to 3 USB-C outputs: 5V, 12V, and 24 volts. The converter will deliver a total of 185 Watts out across all 3 outputs, with an efficiency greater than 82% at full load. The USB-C ports will be used to connect to compatible phones, laptops or any other device for charging/powering purposes. The goal of this project is to develop the most efficient and safe converter to deliver power to multiple outputs using USB-C, for items as small as a cell …

Cal Poly Ee 518 Electric Power Protection Laboratory, Richard Terre, Vincent Tham, Austin Kurth

Electrical Engineering

Facing a rapidly-changing power industry, the electrical engineering department at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo proposed Advanced Power Systems Initiatives to better prepare its students for entering the power industry. These initiatives call for the creation of a new laboratory curriculum that utilizes microprocessor-based relays to reinforce the fundamental concepts of power system protection.

The electric power protection laboratory (EPPL) senior project is the validation of lab manuals written for the planned EE-518 power system protections laboratory looking to be offered in Spring 2020 alongside the current lecture class under the same designation. This report evaluates the lab manual, verifies …

Anonymous And Efficient Message Authentication Scheme For Smart Grid, Libing Wu, Jing Wang, Sherali Zeadally, Debiao He

Information Science Faculty Publications

Smart grid has emerged as the next-generation electricity grid with power flow optimization and high power quality. Smart grid technologies have attracted the attention of industry and academia in the last few years. However, the tradeoff between security and efficiency remains a challenge in the practical deployment of the smart grid. Most recently, Li et al. proposed a lightweight message authentication scheme with user anonymity and claimed that their scheme is provably secure. But we found that their scheme fails to achieve mutual authentication and mitigate some typical attacks (e.g., impersonation attack, denial of service attack) in the smart grid …

Usb-C Power Adapter For Dc House Project, Tyler G. Starr, Ezzeddeen Gazali

Electrical Engineering

Despite the importance of electricity and the impact it has on our daily lives, many people around the world still live without this essential utility today. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), approximately 1.1 billion people in the world did not have access to electricity in 2017. The DC House Project at Cal Poly aims to provide electricity to people living in rural areas by directly utilizing DC energy generated from renewable or human powered sources without the need for DC-AC conversions. However, one significant issue is the lack of a standardized DC wall socket. Standards for AC wall …

Analysis Of Distortion Transfer And Generation Through A Fan And A Compressor Using Full-Annulus Unsteady Rans And Harmonic Balance Approaches, Daniel Robert Soderquist

Theses and Dissertations

Understanding distortion transfer and generation through fan and compressor blade rows is able to assist in blade design and performance prediction. Using full annulus unsteady RANS simulations, the effects of distortion as it passes through the rotor of a transonic fan at five radial locations (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% span) are analyzed. The inlet distortion profile is a 90-degree sector with a 15% total pressure deficit. Fourier distortion descriptors are used in this study to quantitatively describe distortion transfer and generation. Results are presented and compared for three operating points (near-stall, design, and choke). These results are used …

Daily And Seasonal Variability Of Offshore Wind Power On The Central California Coast And Statewide Demand, Matthew Douglas Kehrli

Physics

No abstract provided.

Open Source Low-Cost Power Monitoring System, Shane W. Oberloier, Joshua M. Pearce

Joshua M. Pearce

This study presents an entirely open-source, low-cost power monitoring system capable of many types of measurements including both loads and supplies such as solar photovoltaic systems. In addition, the system can be fabricated using only open source software and hardware. The design revolves around the Digital Universal Energy Logger (DUEL) Node, which is responsible for reading and properly scaling the voltage and current of a particular load, and then serializing it via an on-board ATTiny85 chip. The configuration of the DUEL node allows for custom sensitivity ranges, and can handle up to 50 A and 300 V. Up to 127 …

High Specific Power Electrical Machines: A System Perspective, Ayman M. El-Refaie, Mohamed Osama

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

There has been a growing need for high specific power electrical machines for a wide range of applications. These include hybrid/electric traction applications, aerospace applications and Oil and Gas applications. A lot of work has been done to accomplish significantly higher specific power electrical machines especially for aerospace applications. Several machine topologies as well as thermal management schemes have been proposed. Even though there has been a few publications that provided an overview of high-speed and high specific power electrical machines [1-3], the goal of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive review of high specific power electrical machines …

Stair Climbing Hand Truck, James Mcpherson

All Undergraduate Projects

Abstract

Getting a heavy object up a flight of stairs usually requires a team of two or more people. Even with a team of people, the task is often still difficult, dangerous, and possibly insurmountable by one person. This problem is especially prevalent in for those who are moving into apartment complexes. Most apartment complexes have many buildings with two or more floors of living quarters, and elevators are often missing. This project sought to offer a solution to this problem. The solution in question; a motorized hand-truck with 2, trigonal planar pinwheels in place of the stock wheels. The …

Implementación De Un Sistema De Comunicación Por Líneas De Potencia (Plc) Para Su Uso En Redes Inteligentes De Distribución, Luis Alejandro Motta Galindo, Juan David Gonzalez Orjuela

Ingeniería Eléctrica

Con la elaboración de este proyecto se pretende determinar el desempeño de la tecnología de comunicación por líneas de potencia (PLC) para la transmisión de datos a través de las redes eléctricas, específicamente las redes de distribución modernas conocidas cómo redes inteligentes. Se realizará una selección de las tecnologías más recientes, para su implementación en redes de distribución, para identificar su comportamiento y el aporte que este tipo de tecnología brinda a las nuevas tendencias de redes inteligentes de distribución

Power Optimization Of Solar Powered Standalone Wireless Sensor System, Rajan Amatya

Masters Theses

Wireless sensor systems are common in applications where harsh environmental conditions or remote locations make it difficult to run wires. Having these sensor systems self-powered is essential as it is difficult for battery replacement. Using solar as an alternative source of energy can be a medium to charge the battery in such scenarios. With an increasing number of portable devices powered by battery; more and more research is focused on low-power design technique. For this thesis, a microcontroller (Texas Instruments MSP432) was used along with a digital sensor (Bosch BME280) to provide temperature, pressure and humidity information, and Wi-Fi module …

Grid-Tied Solar System, Virginia Yan

Electrical Engineering

Distribution level solar energy generation has gained importance and popularity, because it helps create a sustainable electricity system while reducing the harmful environmental impacts our current power systems have. This project proposes an alternative energy source, a laboratory-scale grid-connected photovoltaic system. A KC120-1 solar panel produces 120 Watts maximum. A grid-tied solar power inverter does DC-to-AC conversion and minimizes energy transfer losses. The inverter also has an anti-islanding feature, which senses a power outage and prevents back-feeding through isolating the circuit. The circuit breakers isolate electrical components and protect the circuit. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL-751 feeder protection relay and SEL-735 …

Logging, Visualization, And Analysis Of Network And Power Data Of Iot Devices, Neal Huynh Nguyen

Master's Theses

There are approximately 23.14 billion IoT(Internet of Things) devices currently in use worldwide. This number is projected to grow to over 75 billion by 2025. Despite their ubiquity little is known about the security and privacy implications of IoT devices. Several large-scale attacks against IoT devices have already been recorded.

To help address this knowledge gap, we have collected a year’s worth of network traffic and power data from 16 common IoT devices. From this data, we show that we can identify different smart speakers, like the Echo Dot, from analyzing one minute of power data on a shared power …

Open Source Low-Cost Power Monitoring System, Shane W. Oberloier, Joshua M. Pearce

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Publications

This study presents an entirely open-source, low-cost power monitoring system capable of many types of measurements including both loads and supplies such as solar photovoltaic systems. In addition, the system can be fabricated using only open source software and hardware. The design revolves around the Digital Universal Energy Logger (DUEL) Node, which is responsible for reading and properly scaling the voltage and current of a particular load, and then serializing it via an on-board ATTiny85 chip. The configuration of the DUEL node allows for custom sensitivity ranges, and can handle up to 50 A and 300 V. Up to 127 …