Engineering Commons^™

Improving Manufacturing Processes For Making Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes, Ming Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used to provide energy and power in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. The LIB market has grown dramatically as they have a combination of high energy density, high power density, proven reliability, and long cycle life. The manufacturing process is one of the key factors as it strongly affects the cost and performance of LIBs.

This dissertation is focused firstly on the development of a conventional slurry-based electrode manufacturing process. Slurry making is a critical step that affects the subsequent steps in battery manufacturing. In this work, we have investigated the …

Expanding Temperature Sensing For The Orion Bms 2, Samuel J. Parker

University Honors Theses

Formula SAE (FSAE) is an annual collegiate design competition that takes place across the globe. Portland State University’s team, Viking Motorsports, was committed to designing an Electric Vehicle (EV) for the 2021 FSAE competition. The team designed a completely custom lithium-ion cell battery that is managed by an Orion BMS 2 battery management system. The FSAE rulebook requires a robust temperature monitoring system for any EV power supply. The Orion BMS 2 can only directly collect data from eight temperature sensors, which is not enough to meet FSAE regulation. However, the BMS can be configured to monitor many more sensors …

Preparation And Characterization Of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Polymer Electrolyte, Li Zhou, Lie Wu, Zhao-Ming Xue

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrolyte still has to be improved to satisfy the increasingly rigid demands of lithium ion batteries that have higher energy densities. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has two phase structures of soft segments and hard segments, which can guarantee the electrochemical and physical performances of electrolyte for lithium ion battery. It is now creatively applied to the gel polymer electrolyte matrix of lithium ion batteries. In this paper, a novel polymer membrane based on thermoplastic polyurethane/cellulose acetate (TPU/CA) was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Further, the TPU/CA blending gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by absorbing liquid electrolyte. The …

Centrifugally-Spun Ceramic/Carbon Composite Fibers And Their Use As Anode Materials In Li-Ion Batteries, Gabriel Gonzalez

Theses and Dissertations

The work in this thesis focuses in the study of Centrifugally Spun Short Fiber Composites and their Implementation as Alternate Anode Material in Li-Ion Batteries. Due to their high theoretical capacity, abundance, and environmental friendliness, metal oxides have been widely studied as alternate anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this research work, the processing of SnO2 and SnO2/TiO2 ceramic short fibers as well as flexible and porous metal oxide carbon fibers (FPMOCFs) by centrifugal spinning followed by an optimized coating technique is reported. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the composites was also investigated and is provided.

Developing Highly Reversible Li Metal Anode With Mossy/Dendritic Li Suppression In High Energy Density Batteries, Xi Chen

Theses and Dissertations

Lithium-ion battery technology has wide impact on our daily life. However, most of the commercial batteries with limited energy density are unable to meet the growing demand of electrical vehicles, portable electronic devices and other energy storage systems. Therefore, the development of new electrode materials with high energy density and reliable performance has become a critical mission for researchers. Particularly replacing graphite anode with Li metal is one of most viable approaches to break the limitation of energy density in batteries. Metallic lithium is one of the most promising anode materials, which has a high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 …

The Use Of Succinonitrile As An Electrolyte Additive For Composite-Fiber Membranes In Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jahaziel Villarreal, Roberto Orrostieta Chavez, Sujay A. Chopade, Timothy P. Lodge, Mataz Alcoutlabi

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the present work, the effect of temperature and additives on the ionic conductivity of mixed organic/ionic liquid electrolytes (MOILEs) was investigated by conducting galvanostatic charge/discharge and ionic conductivity experiments. The mixed electrolyte is based on the ionic liquid (IL) (EMI/TFSI/LiTFSI) and organic solvents EC/DMC (1:1 v/v). The effect of electrolyte type on the electrochemical performance of a LiCoO₂ cathode and a SnO₂/C composite anode in lithium anode (or cathode) half-cells was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of 5 wt.% succinonitrile (SN) resulted in enhanced ionic conductivity of a 60% EMI-TFSI 40% EC/DMC MOILE …

Designing A Recycling Facility For Energy Materials, Bartholomew Kitko, Matthew Berger, Elias Chiti, Trayce Harris, Mark Kulesa

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this design project is to create a recycling facility for energy materials. Different energy systems will be analyzed to determine the most economically appropriate energy material to recycle. A list of the energy systems to be analyzed includes catalyst converters, wind turbines, lithium ion batteries, photo-voltaic cells, and precious materials with high energy applications. This study involves two main parts: the research to determine the most appropriate energy material for recycling, while also choosing or creating recycling processes efficient enough to reduce the US’s reliance on foreign nations for obtaining their rare-earth materials. The second part is …

Challenges And Opportunities Of Layered Cathodes Of Linixmnyco(1-X-Y)O2 For High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries, Jason Frank

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

High energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely demanded for portable electronic devices and electrical vehicles. Layered-structure LiCoO₂ oxide (LCO) has been the most commonly used cathode material in commercial LIBs. Compared to LCO, LiNi_1-x-yMn_xCo_yO₂ (NMC) cathodes are particularly attractive due to their reduced cost and higher capacity. Among the NMC cathodes, nickel-containing LiNi_0.5Co_0.3Mn_0.2O₂ (NMC532) is one of the most promising cathode materials undergoing intensive investigation, but suffers from a series of technical issues, such as structural instability, performance fading, and safety issues. In this …

Understanding The Structure-Property-Performance Relationship Of Silicon Negative Electrodes, Jiazhi Hu

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have long been used to power not only portable devices, e.g., mobile phones and laptops, but also large scale systems, e.g., electrical grid and electric vehicles. To meet the ever increasing demand for renewable energy storage, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the energy/power density of LIBs. Known for its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh/g), silicon has been considered as one of the most promising negative electrode materials for high-energy-density LIBs. However, diffusion-induced stresses can cause fracture and, consequently, rapid degradation in the electrochemical performance of Si-based negative electrodes. To mitigate the detrimental effects …

Synthesis And Design Of Metals Sulfide/Carbon Composite-Fibers Anodes For Lithium Ion Batteries, Jorge Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, Forcespinning is used to produce Titanium sulfide (TiS2)/carbon composite fibers for use as lithium-ion battery anodes. The high surface area to volume ratio of the composite fibers can have a high impact on the ionic and electronic conductivity of the active materials leading to improved electrochemical performance of the battery. TiS2 nanoparticles were chosen as the active materials to produce Metal-Li-alloys/C composite fibers due to their high theoretical capacity and low volume change during charge/discharge cycles. The use of a 2-D layered structure of TiS2 nanoparticles in the carbon fiber matrix can greatly accommodate more Li-ions between …

Research Progresses In Improvement For Low Temperature Performance Of Lithium-Ion Batteries, Yue-Ru Gu, Wei-Min Zhao, Chang-Hu Su, Chuan-Jun Luo, Zhong-Ru Zhang, Xu-Jin Xue, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a new research hotspot due to their high energy density and long service life. However, the temperature characteristics, especially the poor performance at low temperatures, have seriously limited their wider applications. In this report, the research progresses in the low temperature performance of LIBs are reviewed. The main existing limitations of LIBs at low temperatures were systematically analyzed, and followed by discussion on the recent improvements in low temperature performances by developing novel cathode, electrolyte, and anode materials. The developments for improving the low temperature performance of LIBs are prospected. The three most important factors …

Co3(Hcoo)6@Rgo As A Promising Anode For Lithium Ion Batteries, Heng Jiang, Jing-Min Fan, Ming-Sen Zheng, Quan-Feng Dong

Journal of Electrochemistry

Metal–organic framework(MOF) is a kind of novel electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Here, a composite material Co₃(HCOO)₆@rGO was synthesized for the first time by in situ loading of Co₃(HCOO)₆ on rGO (reduced oxide graphene) through a solution chemistry method. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, it exhibited an excellent cycle stability as well as a large reversible capacity of 926 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 500 mA·g^-1 after 100 cycles within the voltage range of 0.02 ~ 3.0 V vs. Li/Li⁺ with a good rate capability. …

Nanostructured Materials Derived From Metal-Organic Frameworks For Energy And Environmental Applications, Zhiqiang Xie

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Nowadays, energy and environmental issues have become the top priority among a series of global issues. Fossil fuels as the dominant source are depleted fast and usually lead to some environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution has posed a severe threat to environment and public health. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a very promising category of porous materials, have attracted more and more interest in research communities due to their extremely high surface areas, diverse nanostructures and unique properties. To meet the ever-increasing energy demand and tackle the heavy metal pollution in water, MOFs can function as ideal templates to prepare various …

Resilient And Real-Time Control For The Optimum Management Of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems With Distributed Dynamic Demands, Christopher R. Lashway

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A continuous increase in demands from the utility grid and traction applications have steered public attention toward the integration of energy storage (ES) and hybrid ES (HESS) solutions. Modern technologies are no longer limited to batteries, but can include supercapacitors (SC) and flywheel electromechanical ES well. However, insufficient control and algorithms to monitor these devices can result in a wide range of operational issues. A modern day control platform must have a deep understanding of the source. In this dissertation, specialized modular Energy Storage Management Controllers (ESMC) were developed to interface with a variety of ES devices. The EMSC provides …

Development Of Nanomaterials For Lithium-Ion Batteries By Atomic Layer Deposition, Biqiong Wang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been the dominant candidate in the field of energy storage. The ever-growing demand of high energy and power density, longer battery life, and more assured safety level has geared the development of LIBs towards all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). The solid-state nature allows more flexibility in battery design and higher area capacity to be obtained within limited space. Moreover, replacing liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is a most effective approach to achieve safer battery system. In addition, ASSBs hold great promise in the actual fabrication of microbatteries for microelectronics. Therefore, a technique which can synthesize materials …

Chemically Stable Artificial Sei For Li-Ion Battery Electrodes, Qinglin Zhang, Lei Han, Jie Pan, Zhi Chen, Yang-Tse Cheng

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The importance of coating's chemical stability in lithium-ion batteries has been demonstrated by this study. It is well known that the mechanical properties determine the cycle life, and chemical stability or chemical degradation rate determines the calendar life. In this study, we used HfO₂ coatings prepared by atomic layer deposition as an example to show the chemical stability of the coatings for lithium ion battery electrodes.

Novel Design And Synthesis Of Nanostructured Electrode Materials For Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries, Zhiqiang Xie

LSU Master's Theses

Nowadays, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as energy storage devices for portable electronic devices. The increasing demand for their emerging applications in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) requires us to develop LIBs with higher energy density and power density. However, both the commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) and anode material (graphite) exhibit low specific capacity and poor rate capability, which severely hinder the practical application of lithium-ion batteries for transportation. This thesis mainly includes four research works on novel design and synthesis of nanostructured electrode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries. To improve the electrochemical performances …

Thermal Transport In Lithium Ion Batteries: An Experimental Investigation Of Interfaces And Granular Materials, Aalok Jaisheela Uday Gaitonde

Open Access Theses

Increasing usage and recent accidents due to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries exploding or catching on fire has inspired research on the characterization and thermal management of these batteries. In cylindrical 18650 cells, heat generated during the battery's charge/discharge cycle is poorly dissipated to the surrounding through its metallic case due to the poor thermal conductivity of the jelly roll, which is spirally wound with many interfaces between electrodes and the polymeric separator. This work presents a technique to measure the thermal conduction across the metallic case-plastic separator interface, which ultimately limits heat transfer out of the jelly roll.

The polymeric separator …

Forcespinning®: An Alternative Method To Fabricate Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite Nanofiber Anodes For Li-Ion Batteries, Luis Zuniga

Theses and Dissertations

Metals and their respective oxides have been highly regarded as next generation anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this research work the electrochemical performance of Sn, SnO2, and TiO2. With the advantages of nanotechnology and the Forcespinning® method of fabricating micro and nanofibers, binder-free anodes are produced from metal or metal oxide/carbon composite microfibers. Through these microfibers the electrochemical performance of the above mentioned materials are significantly improved due to the increased surface area per volume providing a large number of reaction sites for the anode materials. Further performance enhancement was achieved by also modifying the fiber microstructure to …

Deterministic Three-Dimensional Composite Structures For Energy Storage, Paul Brown

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Through mesoscale design of a 3D current collector, high power density and high energy density primary and secondary (rechargeable) large format and microbatteries (Figure 1) were fabricated. At the most fundamental level, mesostructuring enables optimization of the trade-off between energy and power density in energy storage systems due to unavoidable ohmic and other losses that occur during charge or discharge. Of course, it is at fast charge and discharge, where these effects are most important. By efficient design of the ion and electron transport pathways, we and others have shown it is possible to significantly improve the power-energy relationship. We …

Determining The Power And Energy Capacity Of A Battery Energy Storage System Utilizing A Smoothing Feeder Profile To Accommodate High Photovoltaic Penetration On A Distribution Feeder, Osama Mohammed Abbas Aly Mansour

Dissertations and Theses

Electricity is a perishable commodity; once it is generated it needs to be consumed or stored. Electric energy storage provides both power and energy capacity. Power capacity applications reduce the need for generation, while energy capacity allows for energy consumption to be decoupled from generation. Previous research was done to develop an algorithm for determining the power (MW) and energy (MWh) capacities of a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the adverse impacts of high levels of photovoltaic (PV) generation. The algorithm used a flat feeder profile, and its performance was demonstrated on the equinoxes and solstices.

Managing feeder …

Recent Progress In Solid-State Nmr Study Of Electrode/Electrolyte Materials For Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries, Gui-Ming Zhong, Zi-Geng Liu, Da-Wei Wang, Qi Li, Ri-Qiang Fu, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid state NMR technique is a powerful tool for characterizing the local structure and compositions of solid materials quantitatively. A comprehensive understanding of the structure evolution during the electrochemical reactions of the materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries will be obtained with the combination of solid state NMR, XRD, and XAS methods. Through analyzing solid state NMR spectra, we can obtain the compositions, local structures and ion diffusion dynamics of electrodes, electrolytes and surface layers for lithium/sodium ion batteries, providing an important theoretical support for the design and development of high-performance materials for batteries. In this paper, we review the recent …

Uniform Nanoshells For Functional Materials：Constructions And Applications, Shu-Yi Duan, Wei Zhang, Jun-Yu Piao, An-Min Cao, Li-Jun Wan

Journal of Electrochemistry

As a significant protocol for materials treatment, surface modification has found broad applications in different fields including catalyst, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. Herein, we introduced the representative synthetic methodologies for the constructions of different functional materials with a focus on their core-shell structures. By taking the electrode materials in lithium ion batteries as an example, we demonstrated the importance of surface modification on the electrode materials. Different coating materials ranging from metal oxides, metal phosphates to carbon have been discussed. We also showed that an accurate control on the surface layer can be crucial for optimizing the electrochemical performances of the …

Analysis Of A Modified Equivalent Circuit Model For Lithium-Ion Battery Modules In Cubesats, James J. Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Failure of the electrical power system (EPS) to meet mission requirements is a common problem in nano-size satellites commonly referred to as CubeSats. The motivation for this research stems from the desire to prevent EPS failure through a process of testing and space qualification of components. Utilizing models to predict the behavior of an EPS before it is designed, built, and tested for space can provide critical insight in areas of limitation in performance and survivability. Modeling an entire EPS system is challenging because it requires extensive knowledge of all components and their behavior. This research focuses specifically on the …

Understanding Electrical Conduction In Lithium Ion Batteries Through Multi-Scale Modeling, Jie Pan

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Silicon (Si) has been considered as a promising negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, low discharge voltage, and low cost. However, the utilization of Si electrode has been hampered by problems such as slow ionic transport, large stress/strain generation, and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). These problems severely influence the performance and cycle life of Si electrodes. In general, ionic conduction determines the rate performance of the electrode, while electron leakage through the SEI causes electrolyte decomposition and, thus, causes capacity loss. The goal of this thesis research is to design Si …

Research Progress In Carbon Coating On Lifepo4 Cathode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries, Ning Zhang, Yong-Chang Liu, Cheng-Cheng Chen, Zhi-Qiang Zhu, Zhan-Liang Tao, Jun Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Olivine-structured LiFePO₄ has been received much attention because of its flat voltage profile, low cost, abundant material supply and better environmental compatibility. However, the poor electronic and ionic conductivities have limited its application in industry. One of the best methods to improve the electrochemical performance is carbon coating. In this review, we summarize the recent developments of LiFePO₄/C cathode. Moreover, the different effects caused by coating methods and carbon sources, as well as the mechanism of carbon coating on the properties of LiFePO₄/C are reviewed.

Electrochemical Conversion Reactions And Their Applications For Rechargeable Batteries, Ting Li, Han-Xi Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical conversion reactions have received considerable interest as a new redox mechanism for constructing high capacity electrodes of rechargeable batteries. Without strict restrictions on the crystalline structure of the host lattice and the size of the associated ions, conversion reactions can take place in a variety of different metal compounds with different metal cations and deliver much higher reversible capacities through full utilization of all the oxidation states of the transition-metal compounds, opening up a new avenue for developing high capacity materials of rechargeable batteries. This paper briefly reviews the state of the art and challenges of conversion electrodes and …

Development Of Novel Nanomaterials Based On Silicon And Graphene For Lithium Ion Battery Applications, Yuhai Hu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Electrochemical energy storage is one of the important strategies to address the strong demand for clean energy. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the typical electrochemical devices and have been used in a great number of areas. Now, the challenge for the LIB research is to make the batteries carry higher energy density so as to fulfill the demand of the emerging markets, particularly, electric vehicles and portable smart electronics. In this regard, the present commercial anode material can not meet this requirement. Much effort is being made toward either exploring new morphologies of carbon materials or searching …

Preparation And Lithium Storage Performance Of Sn-Snsb Nanoparticles, Yao Xiao, Jiao-Hong Wu, Qi Wang, Ling Huang, Jun-Tao Li, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Tin was widely studied as alternative anode material to carbon for lithium-ion batteries thanks to its much higher theoretical capacity. However, a pure tin electrode suffers severely from its poor cycleability due to mechanical fatigue caused by volume change during lithium insertion and extraction processes. Tin-based alloy may improve the cycleability property of tin electrode. In this article, we report facile synthesis of spherical Sn-SnSb nanopartciles using a simple solvent-thermal approach. It is amazing to find that the spherical Sn-SnSb nanoparticles can circumvent volume changes effectively during charge-discharge process. Electrochemical discharge/charge results show that the spherical Sn-SnSb nanoparticles electrode exhibits …

Application Of Synchrotron Radiation Based Electrochemical In-Situ Techniques To Study Of Electrode Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Zheng-Liang Gong, Wei Zhang, Dong-Ping Lv, Xiao-Gang Hao, Wen Wen, Zheng Jiang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Due to its merits of high brightness and high intensity, high level of polarization and wide tunability in energy, etc., synchrotron radiation technique provides an unique platform for analysis of the relationship among composition–structure–performance of materials for lithium ion batteries, especially for in-situ, real time dynamic investigation of the electrochemical reaction mechanism, aging process and failure mechanism during charge-discharge cycling. In this paper, we review the latest developments in application of synchrotron based electrochemical in-situ experimental methods to studies of lithium ion batteries. The paper mainly focuses on the application of electrochemical in-siu XRD and XAFS techniques to the investigations …