Engineering Commons^™

Nanozyme-Based Sensing Of Dopamine Using Cobalt-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite From Waste Bones, Umar Nishan, Nighat Jabeen, Amir Badshah, Nawshad Muhammad, Mohibullah Shah, Irfan Ullah, Saifullah Afridi, Jibran Iqbal, Muhammad Asad, Riaz Ullah, Essam A. Ali, Sarfraz Ahmed, Suvash Chandra Ojha

All Works

Dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters and plays a crucial role in various neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. However, the abnormal levels of dopamine mainly point to Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), owing to its catalytic nature, nanoporous structure, easy synthesis, and biocompatibility, is a promising matrix material. These characteristics make HAp a material of choice for doping metals such as cobalt. The synthesized cobalt-doped hydroxyapatite (Co-HAp) was used as a colorimetric sensing platform for dopamine. The successful synthesis of the platform was confirmed by characterization with FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, etc. The platform demonstrated …

Investigation Of Oleic Acid As A Dispersant For Hydroxyapatite Powders For Use In Ceramic Filled Photo-Curable Resins For Stereolithography, Brendan Kennedy, Eamonn De Barra, Stuart Hampshire, Maura Kelleher

Articles

Stereolithography allows production of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration but is limited by the challenging rheology of ceramic filled resins. Oleic acid, a natural fatty acid, was applied in concentrations of 0.0–0.3 wt% to improve the rheological properties of HAp resins for the fabrication of solid cylinders and scaffolds by digital light processing (DLP) printing in a wiperless system. Bonding by chemisorption was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The powders were then incorporated into a photo-curable resin of 1–6 hexanediol diacrylate at 18–30 vol%. The shear viscosity and sedimentation rates of photocurable resins containing HAp powder decreased with increasing concentration …

Hierarchical Structure And Properties Of The Bone At Nano Level, Farah Hamandi, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Bone is a highly hierarchical complex structure that consists of organic and mineral components represented by collagen molecules (CM) and hydroxyapatite crystals (HAC), respectively. The nanostructure of bone can significantly affect its mechanical properties. There is a lack of understanding how collagen fibrils (CF) in different orientations may affect the mechanical properties of the bone. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of interaction, orientation, and hydration on atomic models of the bone composed of collagen helix (CH) and HAC, using molecular dynamics simulations and therefrom bone-related disease origins. The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of …

Synthesis Of Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Beads For Acetaminophen Delivery, Anesylvia Angan, Nonni Soraya Sambudi

Makara Journal of Science

Conventional drug delivery systems usually involve the intake of multiple drugs, which could amplify the risk of overdosing. Acetaminophen is a widely used pain relief substance that is prone to accidental overdosing. Hence, a controlled drug delivery system is needed to ensure its efficacy. A nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/alginate system that was used as a drug carrier for acetaminophen was synthesized through the sol-gel method, and the mechanism underlying its controlled drug delivery was investigated. Spherical nanocomposite bead samples were synthesized by incorporating 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% hydroxyapatite into mixtures containing alginate. The mixtures were then dropped into calcium …

Materials And Process Design For Ceramic Fused Filament Fabrication (Cf3) Of Hydroxyapatite., Kavish Sudan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ceramic fused filament fabrication (CF3) enables the fabrication of highly customizable ceramic parts at relatively lower costs compared to other AM technologies. Advanced ceramics, having specific or niche applications, call for a high level of accuracy to meet the performance requirements. For achieving the desired level of accuracy in any manufacturing process, it is important to know the effect of involved parameters at different stages of fabrication. CF3 has been around for a while but there has been a severe lack of literature dealing with understanding the effect of process parameters on the final part properties. In this study, Hydroxyapatite …

Characterization Of Application-Driven Sol-Gel Coated Meshes And Composites, Armaghan Naderi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Surface engineering is a multi-disciplinary research area that encompasses disciplines such as materials science, chemistry, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. Coating is a surface modification technique in surface engineering, applied on the surface of a substrate (i.e., bulk material), to cover/protect it from environmental degradation or to modify/improve surface properties for specific applications. This PhD research presents an in-depth investigation of sol-gel ceramic coatings to modify surface characteristics of bulk materials for two specific applications: 1) antistatic/antidust applications, and 2) biomaterial implant applications.

First, zirconia antistatic thin films on glass substrates, and their application to polymer-based composites, was studied. Zirconia …

Evaluation Of Fluoride Adsorption Mechanism And Capacity Of Different Types Of Bone Char, Benyapa Sawangjang, Phacharapol Induvesa, Aunnop Wongrueng, Chayakorn Pumas, Suraphong Wattanachira, Pharkphum Rakruam, Patiparn Punyapalakul, Satoshi Takizawa, Eakalak Khan

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The fluoride adsorption capacity of three types of bone char (BC), including cow BC (CBC), chicken BC (CKBC), and pig BC (PBC), was examined. At the optimum charring conditions (temperature and time), PBC had the highest hydroxyapatite (HAP) content (0.928 g-HAP/g-BC), while CBC had the highest specific surface area (103.11 m2/g-BC). CBC also had the maximum fluoride adsorption capacity (0.788 mg-F/g-HAP), suggesting that fluoride adsorption capacity depends more on the specific surface area of the BC than the HAP content. The adsorption data of CBC, CKBC, and PBC fit well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum …

Fabrication Of Double-Walled Polymeric Microspheres For Improved Bone Healing And Regeneration., Sara Travia

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to fabricate double-walled microspheres loaded with specific drugs to improve bone healing properties. The proposed microsphere design consists of hydroxyapatite-loaded poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) as the core layer and cobalt (II) chloride-loaded poly(DL-lactic–co-glycolic) (PLGA) as the shell layer. Cobalt (II) chloride and hydroxyapatite were the chosen drugs because they have previously shown to aid chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. The morphology, layer identification, and elemental composition of the prepared microspheres were evaluated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), 3D laser microscope, and selective dissolution techniques. With the help of …

Physical And Mechanical Properteis Of Magnesium-Incorporated Bone Substitute Materials, Sarah E. Fleck

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics have become popular as bone substitutes due to their biocompatibility and similarity to natural bone. Although they are widely used, the mechanical and biological properties of these CaP ceramics can be improved by various methods such as combining them with polymers or ionic substitution in their crystal structure. In current research, we have used carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and magnesium (Mg) to modify the physical and mechanical properties of CaP. CMC is a derivative of cellulose which is hydrophilic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Presence of Mg, a trace element naturally found in the body, is linked to bone …

Characterization Of Nano-Cellulose Based Composites For Biomedical Applications, Mitchell P. Chesley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The number of orthopedic surgeries performed globally has steadily increased over the past decade due to the standardization of procedures as well as technological advancements. During this time orthopedic devices have been composed predominantly of metals, such as Titanium, Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Stainless steel, as well as their alloys, due to the high strength and durability of these materials. However, metals may, in fact, be suboptimal for orthopedic devices. For example, metals exhibit Young’s modulus much greater than the surrounding bone, inducing localized stress-shielding promoting cortical atrophy, which can lead to osteoporosis. In recent years polymers have been successfully explored …

Geometric Effects Of Open Hollow Hydroxyapatite Microspheres Influence Bone Repair And Regeneration In Sprague Dawley Rats, Youqu Shen, M. N. Rahaman, Yongxian Liu, Yue-Wern Huang

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Effective regeneration of bone defects caused by trauma or chronic diseases is a significant clinical challenge. Bone deficiency is overcome using treatments that rely on bone regeneration and augmentation. While various treatments have been investigated with encouraging results, complete and predictable bone reconstruction is often difficult [1]. Synthetic bone grafts have advantages such as consistent quality, safety, and good tissue tolerance. They usually function as inert or osteoconductive implants. Encouraging results from synthetic grafts have been reported. For instance, hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres showed the ability to facilitate bone repair in rats with non-healing calvarial defects [2,3]. However, new bone …

Bmp2-Derived Molecules For Increasing Osteoinductivity Of Bone Grafts To Enhance Bone Regeneration, Andrew Scott Curry

All ETDs from UAB

The “gold standard” of bone grafting materials is autograft. Unfortunately, autogenous bone must first be harvested from the patient, leading to complications such as donor site morbidity. Because of this, many surgeons rely on non-autogenous bone grafting materials. While these grafts are more available than autogenous bone, they require extensive processing which significantly reduces their osteoinductivity. Therefore, there is substantial interest in finding ways to add osteoinductive molecules to these grafts. Previously, our lab has focused on utilizing molecules derived from bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) with an attached hydroxyapatite-binding domain (polyglutamate) to anchor them onto bone grafting materials. Previous …

Osteon Mimetic Scaffolding, Janay Clytus

Senior Theses

The purpose of this research is to provide an alternative to naturally derived bone grafts. There is a gap in the supply of donors and the demand of bone tissue. Artificial scaffold creation can work as an implant and decrease the shortage of bone grafts and increase the range of injuries that can be repaired. Current research focuses on optimizing mechanical properties such as porosity, improving vascularization using cells, and generating osteoconductivity. For osteodifferentiation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into mesodermal lineages such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes by supplementing cultures with lineage-specific soluble factors (Marchetti). Co-culturing ECFCs …

Novel Layered Double Hydroxides-Hydroxyapatite/Gelatin Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Fabrication, Characterization, And In Vivo Study, Fateme Fayyazbakhsh, Mehran Solati-Hashjin, Abbas Keshtkar, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan, Bagher Larijani

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Developing Porous Biodegradable Scaffolds through Simple Methods is One of the Main Approaches of Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE). in This Work, a Novel BTE Composite Containing Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH), Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Gelatin (GEL) Was Fabricated using Co-Precipitation and Solvent-Casting Methods. Physiochemical Characterizations Showed that the Chemical Composition and Microstructure of the Scaffolds Were Similar to the Natural Spongy Bone. Interconnected Macropores Ranging over 100 to 600 Μm Were Observed for Both Scaffolds While the Porosity of 90 ± 0.12% and 92.11 ± 0.15%, as Well As, Young's Modulus of 19.8 ± 0.41 and 12.5 ± 0.35 GPa Were …

Combination Of Bmp-2 And Relaxin To Induce Osteogenesis In Vivo, Sahitya Injamuri

Masters Theses

"Bone grafts are a common procedure for treating craniofacial injuries such as trauma, surgery, and reconstruction. Autografts and allografts have limitations which encourages the use of synthetic bone grafts. While synthetic bone grafts, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres, are advantageous for their cost and reproducibility, they lack the cells and growth factors needed for proper osteoinduction. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to increase the osteoinduction of grafts but the effective dose is above physiological levels and causes undesired effects on the body. Relaxin has been shown to enhance BMP-2's ability to induce bone formation in vitro and thus …

On Demand 3d Printed Hybrid Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Ivan D. Hernandez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

A composite 3D printed polymer scaffold with inbuilt porosity and filled with a hydrogel can provide an ideal support system for cell growth, proliferation, and vascularization. Therefore, a hybrid system of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and a hydroxyapatite-based hydrogel was developed for application in the reconstruction of bone defects, which are inherently difficult to repair without any guided therapies. In the present study, a 3D printed gyroid structure of PCL allowed the loading of a higher amount of hydrogel as compared to conventionally used 3D printed mesh structure of the same volume and strut thickness. The hydrogel was composed …

Hydrothermally Processed 1d Hydroxyapatite: Mechanism Of Formation And Biocompatibility Studies, Zoran Stojanović, Nenad Ignjatović, Victoria M. Wu, Vojca Žunič, Ljiljana Veselinović, Srečo D. Škapin, Miroslav Miljković, Vuk Uskoković, Dragab Uskoković

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Recent developments in bone tissue engineering have led to an increased interest in one-dimensional (1D) hydroxyapatite (HA) nano- and micro-structures such as wires, ribbons and tubes. They have been proposed for use as cell substrates, reinforcing phases in composites and carriers for biologically active substances. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D HA structures using an optimized, urea-assisted, high-yield hydrothermal batch process. The one-pot process, yielding HA structures composed of bundles of ribbons and wires, was typified by the simultaneous occurrence of a multitude of intermediate reactions, failing to meet the uniformity criteria over particle morphology and size. To overcome …

Calcium Phosphate As A Key Material For Socially Responsible Tissue Engineering, Vuk Uskoković, Victoria M. Wu

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Socially responsible technologies are designed while taking into consideration the socioeconomic, geopolitical and environmental limitations of regions in which they will be implemented. In the medical context, this involves making therapeutic platforms more accessible and affordable to patients in poor regions of the world wherein a given disease is endemic. This often necessitates going against the reigning trend of making therapeutic nanoparticles ever more structurally complex and expensive. However, studies aimed at simplifying materials and formulations while maintaining the functionality and therapeutic response of their more complex counterparts seldom provoke a significant interest in the scientific community. In this review …

Low–Temperature Spark Plasma Sintering Of Transparent Ceramics By Using Sic Molding Set, Byung-Nam Kim

Electric Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena Far From Equilibrium

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and alumina ceramics were sintered at low temperatures by using the SiC molding set during spark plasma sintering (SPS). Transparent ceramics were obtained at 800 ˚C and 1000 ˚C for HAP and alumina, respectively. The SiC is electrically conductive (3x10⁴ S/m), so that the molding set (mold, punch and spacer) was directly heated during SPS without external heating. Compared to the conventional graphite molding set, the voltage level during heating was higher due to lower conductivity. When the graphite molding set was used, the temperature required for transparent HAP and alumina was about 950 ˚C and 1150 …

Functional Droplets That Recognize, Collect, And Transport Debris On Surfaces, Ying Bai, Chia-Chih Chang, Umesh Choudhary, Irem Bolukbasi, Alfred J. Crosby, Todd Emrick

Polymer Science and Engineering Department Faculty Publication Series

We describe polymer-stabilized droplets capable of recognizing and picking up nanoparticles from substrates in experiments designed for transporting hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that represent the principal elemental composition of bone. Our experiments, which are inspired by cells that carry out materials transport in vivo, used oil-in-water droplets that traverse a nanoparticle-coated substrate driven by an imposed fluid flow. Nanoparticle capture is realized by interaction of the particles with chemical functionality embedded within the polymeric stabilizing layer on the droplets. Nanoparticle uptake efficiency is controlled by solution conditions and the extent of functionality available for contact with the nanoparticles. Moreover, in an elementary …

The Role Of Bone Sialoprotein In Periodontal Tissue Development And Bone Repair, Yohannes Soenjaya

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Bone development and repair involve complex processes that include interaction between cells and their surrounding matrix. In the body, bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression is up-regulated at the onset of mineralization. BSP is a multifunctional acidic phosphoprotein with collagen-binding, hydroxyapatite nucleating, and integrin recognition (RGD sequence, which is important for cell-attachment and signaling) regions. Mice lacking BSP expression (Bsp^-/-), exhibit a bone phenotype with reductions in bone mineral density, bone length, osteoclast activation, and impaired bone healing. This thesis examined the role of BSP in tooth development and also its potential use as a therapeutic reagent for bone …

Novel Anti-Decay Self-Setting Paste Of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposite Utilizing Gptms, Masanori Kikuchi, Taira Sato, Mamoru Aizawa, Yuki Shirosaki

Composites at Lake Louise (CALL 2015)

Bone is a typical inorganic/ortganic nanocomposite mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals and collagen molecules. The composition and nanostructure is closely related to bone’s biomechanical and biochemical properties. One of the most important things for bone is a bone remodeling process that maintains mechanical strength of bone to allow walking and running as well as homeostasis of calcium in our body. In fact, sintered HAp composed of HAp crystals approximately 1 µm in particle size is considered as non-bioresorbable; however HAp nanocrystals easily resorbed by osteoclasts. A hydroxyapatite/collagen bone-like nanocomposite (HAp/Col) was successfully synthesized by the authors via self-organizing process. …

Toward Complete Continuity In Antibody Biomanufacture: Multi-Column Continuous Chromatography For Protein A Capture And Mixed Mode Hydroxyapatite Polishing, Anthony Grabski, Tom Van Oosbree, Beth Hammer, Alla Zilberman, Robert Mierendoff

Integrated Continuous Biomanufacturing II

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a predominant modality for a broad range of clinical indications including oncology and inflammatory diseases. Increasing manufacturing capacity and decreasing cost per purification campaign are critical factors for making antibody therapies more affordable. Cell culture mAb expression levels have steadily increased over the past ten years with titers of five grams per liter frequently achieved. Higher titers reduce production costs and allow processing of kilogram quantities for clinical trials from single use cell culture vessels. Drawbacks of increased titers include higher levels of aggregates, fragments, variants, and process impurities. These combined titer and impurity burdens further …

Effect Of Ion Concentration On Mechanosynthesis Of Carbonated Chlorapatite Nanopowders

Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya

Carbonated chlorapatite nanopowders (n-CCAp) with different degrees of substitution were successfully synthesized by the one-step mechanochemical process. Results demonstrated that the formation of n-CCAp was influenced strongly by the carbonate content (x). From X-ray analysis, crystallite size, crystallinity degree, and unit cell volume of n-CCAp decreased significantly as carbonate content (x) increased from 0 to 2. Conversely, the lattice strain and the volume fraction of grain boundaries grew considerably. Microscopic analysis showed the average particle size of the synthesized powders was 15 +/- 10 nm. The influence of carbonate concentration on mechanosynthesis of pure n-CCAp utilizing a facile solid-state process …

Experiment, Thermal Simulation, And Characterizations On Transmission Laser Coating Of Hydroxyapatite On Metal Implant, Gary Cheng, Chang Ye

Dr. Chang Ye

Coating of bioceramic material, Hydroxyapatite (HAp), on metal implant has attracted many attentions in biomedical industry recently because its combination of good mechanical property and biocompatibility. However, most of current HAp coatings lack coating/substrate interfacial strength, and/or biocompatibility. The cell-tissue attachment is affected by the degraded biocompatibility due to decomposition of HAp during high temperature processing. In this article, an innovative method, transmission laser coating (TLC), is investigated to coat HAp on Ti substrate with low temperature processing. This process enhances the HAp/Metal interfacial property of current coatings, while maintaining good biocompatibility. Experiments are conducted using a continuous neodymium-doped yttrium …

Effect Of High-Energy Ball Milling On The Formation And Micro Structural Features Of Carbonated Chlorapatite Nanopowders

Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya

Carbonated chlorapatite nanopowders (n-CCAp) were synthesized by mechanochemical process from calcite (CaCO3), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as raw materials. Results demonstrated that the formation of n-CCAp was influenced strongly by the milling time. At the beginning of milling (up to 15 min), CaCO3 and CaCl2 were the dominant phases, while P2O5 disappeared entirely due to its very high deliquescent nature. With increasing the milling time to 600 min, the progressive mechanochemical reaction was completed which resulted in the formation of nanostructured carbonated chlorapatite. According to the X-ray diffraction data, crystallite size of the product decreased from 24 …

Alternative Methods To Determine The Elastoplastic Properties Of Sintered Hydroxyapatite From Nanoindentation Testing

Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya

This study introduces alternative methods to determine the elastoplastic properties of bovine-derived Hydroxyapatite (HA) porous bone graft through a set of nanoindentation tests with a Berkovich indenter. Generally, experimental data obtained from nanoindentation tests are force displacement, hardness and elastic modulus. However, to determine plastic properties such as strength coefficient and work hardening exponent of bovine HA, analytical or inverse finite element models are required. In this paper, the effect of sintering temperature on these properties of HA is studied for the range of 1000-1400 degrees C. The direct and inverse Finite Element (FE) simulation models for nanoindentation tests were …

Effect Of Osteonectin-Derived Peptide On The Viscoelasticity Of Hydrogel/Apatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds, Alireza Sarvestani, Xuezhong He, Esmaiel Jabbari

Esmaiel Jabbari

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Characterization Of A Collagen Based Biodegradable Polymer Initiated By Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle For Bone Regeneration, Didarul B. Bhuiyan

All ETDs from UAB

Synthetic bone graft biomaterials are considered as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and lack of disease transmission. Current synthetic bone graft materials generally lack the necessary combination of biological and mechanical properties for use as a bone graft substitute. Bone is a dynamic tissue that serves biological, chemical and mechanical purpose in the body and it is unlikely that a single component synthetic biomaterial can provide the appropriate combination of mechanical integrity and biological stimulation to replace bone. Multicomponent biomaterials need chemical bonding between the components to prevent phase separation …

Quantification Of The Binding Affinity Of A Specific Hydroxyapatite Binding Peptide, Michael Weiger, Jung Park, Marc Roy, Christopher Stafford, Alamgir Karim, Matthew Becker

Alamgir Karim

The genesis of bone and teeth involves highly coordinated processes, which involve multiple cell types and proteins that direct the nucleation and crystallization of inorganic hydroxyapatite (HA). Recent studies have shown that peptides mediate the nucleation process, control HA microstructure or even inhibit HA mineralization. Using phage display technology, a short peptide was identified that binds to crystalline HA and to HA-containing domains of human teeth with chemical and morphological specificity. However, the binding affinity and specific amino acids that significantly contribute to this interaction require further investigation. In this study, we employ a microfluidic chip based surface plasmon resonance …