Engineering Commons^™

Globular Protein For Surface Modification Of Cellulosecontaining Materials, Nodira Saydaliyeva

Technical science and innovation

The purpose of this work is the chemical modification of cotton fabrics with natural globular protein. Modification was carried out in the process of finishing cotton fabrics, after decoction and bleaching in a continuous mode. The effect of modification on the strength, protein content and functional groups of cotton fabric has been studied. According to the results obtained using the AUTOGRAPH AGS-N machine, it was found that the modification of cotton fabrics with a solution of globular protein increases the strength of the treated fabrics, depending on the concentration of the modifier and the temperature regime. Treatment with a highly …

Nanocellulose Based Foams For Low-Cost Disposable Medical Applications, Dominic Kugell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Polyurethane foams have been a staple material for their use in medical positioners, such as post-surgery elevation pillows as well as specific tailored positioners for their use during surgery. Polyurethane foams are preferred because of their lower cost compared to other petroleum derived foams, their versatility, and suitable mechanical properties. However, the environmental impact, including both cost and perception, of these foams is immense. Therefore, alternatives are being explored with biopolymers emerging as a promising class of materials. Cellulose is one such polymer that has recently demonstrated desirable properties. In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), a household foaming agent, and …

Isolation And Characterization Of Cellulose Degrading Microorganisms Generating Electricity Using Microbial Fuel Cell, Lama Fayad, Rania Amer, Ahmad Abd El Nabi, Ali Hammoud, Hoda Yusef

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Global warming and the accumulation of organic waste constitute a serious environmental problem. Therefore, microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an eco-friendly device that have significant capability for the production of electricity using biodegradable waste as fuel. Microorganisms used as catalysts in the anode compartment, execute a principal function in operating MFCs. The present study was conducted to isolate and to screen potential bioelectricity generating microorganisms from dumpsite soil samples and also to construct a domestic dual-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC). Streptomyces fimicarius was found to be the best isolate for the degradation of cellulose and the production of bioelectricity. The …

Determining Kinetic Parameters Of Cellulose And Lignin Pyrolysis By Gaussian Process Regression (Gpr) Method, Pichayaporn Viriya-Amornkij, Kazunori Kuwana

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

The ignition and flame-spread processes in the forest and urban fires involve the pyrolysis reactions of biomass materials. One of the most common methods for estimating the fire performance of a material is the evaluation of kinetic parameters, i.e., activation energy (𝐸), pre-exponential factor (𝐴), and reaction model (𝑓(𝛼)), from thermogravimetric analysis (TG) data. Typically, 𝐸 is estimated based on an Arrhenius-type equation such as Kissinger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Friedman equations. Then, its value is adjusted along with other parameters by assuming a reaction model, e.g., the 𝑛-order model. This study proposes a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method to determine …

Extraction Of Cellulose Nanocrystals From Secondary Paper Waste And Their Use In Paper Production, E A. Egamberdiev, S K. Norboyev

Technical science and innovation

Cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis process from waste paper industry. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for nanocellulose showed that no new chemical bonds were formed during the preparation of nanocellulose. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of the macules produced in the treated and untreated paper industry was 66% and 73.8%, respectively. The results of nanocellulose revealed a natural needle-like fiber with a length of 300 nm to 600 nm, a diameter of 10 nm to 30 nm, and an aspect ratio in the range of 10 to 60. It was found that …

Contact Dewatering Of Cellulose Nanofibers For Biopolymer Composite Applications, Alexander Collins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) are promising materials for reinforcement of polymer matrices attributable to their impressive physical and mechanical properties, as well as their biodegradability. However, the utilization of these materials in composites is made challenging by the water content of CNF slurries, the tendency of CNFs to agglomerate as they dry, and incompatibility between hydrophilic CNFs and hydrophobic polymer matrices. The most commercially viable drying methods to produce small-scale dry CNFs, such as spray drying, are very energy intensive, can only dry the materials down to micron-scale agglomerates, and do not preserve fibrillar aspect ratios. “Contact dewatering,” or the removal …

Membrane Bioreactor For Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose, Saleha Abdullah Al-Mardeai

Dissertations

With the rising environmental concerns related to fossil fuels utilization and the depletion of these resources, interest in bioethanol from lignocellulosic waste as an alternative, sustainable energy source has been increasing. Date palm waste is considered a good feedstock for bioethanol production, especially in countries of large date palm plantations, such as the United Arab Emirates.

In the lignocellulose to bioethanol process, the enzymatic hydrolysis of celluloses to produce simple sugars that can be converted to bioethanol by fermentation is the most challenging step, and enhancing it is essential for efficient and feasible operation. Enzyme inhibition by the products is …

Development Of Cellulose-Based, Semi-Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels As Tissue-Adhesive, Thermoresponsive, Injectable Implants, Jesse Martin

Dissertations and Theses

Abstract Development of Cellulose-Based, Semi-Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels as Tissue-Adhesive, Thermoresponsive, Injectable Implants

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with high water content and tunable mechanical properties, which have been widely investigated as replacements for soft tissues, such as the intervertebral disc (IVD). Various derivatives of the plant polysaccharide, cellulose, have been explored for use as injectable hydrogel implants. Methylcellulose (MC), which exhibits thermogelation at temperatures above 32°C, and relatively hydrophilic carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), are versatile cellulosic polymers that have shown promise as base materials for such applications. In prior work, functionalization with methacrylate groups allowed for the formation of stable, covalently crosslinked …

Retaining Thermoresponsive Poly(Vinyl Methyl Ether) To Cellulose Via (3-Aminopropyl)Triethoxylsilane Network, Grace Tolhurst

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Stimuli-responsive supports and devices that are fabricated from inexpensive materials are attractive candidates for a variety of applications, such as environmental protection, and regenerative medicine. Poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), a thermoresponsive polymer (TRP), has recently been used as thermoresponsive cell culture supports for cell growth/proliferation followed with cell/cell sheet harvesting by simply switching temperature. Cellulose is an attractive candidate to replace glass/silicone supports as it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. This project focuses on retaining PVME to the cellulose membrane via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) network to generate TR membranes and flexible liners that can be incorporated into bioreactors for producing cells …

Role Of Binder Compositions And Carbonate Polymorphs On The Performance Of Carbonation Activated Cementitious Composites, Mohammad Rakibul Islam Khan

Civil Engineering Dissertations

The most energy-intensive manufacturing industry in the US is the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) industry. This industry is responsible for 5-8% of global CO2 emissions caused by humans. The calcination of limestone to produce high lime calcium silicate and high manufacturing temperature (1450°C) are responsible for this significant amount of CO2 emissions. This CO2 footprint of the cement-based composites can be decreased by utilizing cementitious materials with low-lime calcium silicate. Low-lime calcium silicates are typically semi-hydraulic or non-hydraulic. As a result, it is necessary to activate those materials in order to increase their reactivity. Alkali activators, carbonation curing (CO2 curing), …

Extraction Methodologies And Physicochemical Characterizations Of Nanocellulose Isolated From Kudzu For Potential Sustainable Packaging Applications, Elliott Love

All Theses

Flexible packaging is an integral part of the food supply chain due to its unique thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. The many advantages (e.g., lightweight, product protection, reduction in food waste, communication medium, etc.) come with certain drawbacks (low recyclability rate, pollution of ecosystems, etc.). Still, the heavy reliance of the food industry on these products, many of them being non-sustainable polyolefins, is unlikely to diminish in the foreseeable future. Thus, more sustainable alternatives that do not sacrifice performance (machinability, shelf-life, etc.) are needed before pollution becomes irreversible and public outcry insurmountable. Nanocellulose, especially in the form of cellulose nanocrystals …

Localized Treatment Of Malignant Melanoma Using A Modified Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Loaded With Temozolomide With Increased Safety Of Human Dermal Fibroblasts And The Mechanisms Behind The Effect, Joseph Wolf

Bioengineering Dissertations

Melanoma pathophysiology is highly varied, and the initial cause of tumorigenesis is still unknown, but it is likely a combination of both epigenetic and genetic means. Further, melanoma tumors have one of the highest mutational burdens of all cancers and are largely composed of varied subpopulations within the same tumor. These two factors provide insight into why melanoma is so difficult to treat medicinally. Dacarbazine is the gold-standard of metastatic melanoma treatment, yet only has an overall response rate of 22% and no impact on survival. Temozolomide (TMZ), an analog of dacarbazine, is often viewed as a more ideal choice …

Degumming Of Hemp Fibers Using Combined Microwave Energy And Deep Eutectic Solvent, Bulbul Ahmed

LSU Master's Theses

Hemp is considered as one of the sustainable agricultural fiber materials. Degumming or surface modification of hemp bast is needed to produce single fibers for ensuing textile and industrial applications. The traditional degumming process necessitates a high amount of alkali, which causes detrimental environmental pollution. This study offers a new method to degum hemp fibers with reduced use of harmful alkali and precious water resources. In this work, hemp bast fibers were degummed by using combined microwave energy and deep eutectic solvent (DES). The properties of hemp fibers manufactured by this method were investigated and compared with the traditional alkali …

Oxone® Mediated Tempo-Oxidized Cellulose Nanomaterials: Material Characterization, Ultrafiltration Membrane Separations, And Thin Film Composite Gas Transport Analysis, John Phillips Moore

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) are derived from plant matter and are comprised of nanoscopic cellulose crystals and fibers. They have a diverse set of applications, from cosmetics to oil recovery. This study focuses on the properties of Oxone® mediated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanomaterials (OTO-CNMs) and their use in controlling the transport properties of polymeric substrates. Synthesis and characterization of cellulosic nanoparticles have resulted in the creation of OTO-CNMs with properties that increase hydrophilicity. With added hydrophilicity, OTO-CNMs possess lower fouling propensity, making them ideal membrane additive for transport limited separations such as hemodialysis.

To utilize the material and unique properties thereof, this …

Conductive Agnw/Tempo Cnf Thin Film, David Flewelling

Honors College

Cellulose is a strong, readily available biologically sourced polymer with a wide potential for applications in many fields. Its high degree of biodegradability makes it an excellent candidate for environmentally friendly sensors, but it is necessary to devise a method by which to render it conductive. Silver nanowires are highly conductive nanoparticles with many potential applications in sensing, as well as being on a similar order-of-magnitude in size as cellulose derivatives, which makes them a prime candidate for use in this application. Methods of casting cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and TEMPO-Oxidized CNF (TEMPO CNF) films were explored, and …

A Method For Orientation Of Cellulose Nano Fibers For Addition Of Biological Nanoparticles And Tissue Integration, Joshua Hamilton

Honors College

The University of Maine is one of the world’s leading producers of cellulose nanofibers (CNF). This material has the power to revitalize the Maine paper industry. This has led to an abundance of labs on campus researching applications for the material. Active research activities at the University of Maine include industrial applications such as filtration, biodegradable packaging, building materials and niche health care applications. Niche health care applications include wicking pads for point of care diagnostics and tunable biomaterials ranging from dressings to implantable bone-like materials. Medical applications require an analysis of the biocompatibility of CNF.CNF is biocompatible in general: …

Development Of An Injectable Methylcellulose Hydrogel System For Nucleus Pulposus Repair And Regeneration, Nada A. Haq-Siddiqi

Dissertations and Theses

Low back pain is the most common cause of disability in the world and is often caused by degeneration or injury of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The IVD is a complex, fibrocartilaginous tissue that allows for the wide range of spinal mobility. Disc degeneration is a progressive condition believed to begin in the central, gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) region of the tissue, for which there are few preventative therapies. Current therapeutic strategies include pain management and exercise, or surgical intervention such as spinal fusion, none of which address the underlying cause of degeneration. With an increasingly aging population, the socioeconomic …

Modeling Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction In Industrial Nitrocellulose Manufacturing Processes, Francis Patrick Sullivan

Dissertations

A series of models are proposed to describe the production of military grade nitrocellulose from dense cellulose materials in mixtures of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and water. This effort is conducted to provide a predictive capability for analyzing the rate and extent of reaction achieved under a range of reaction conditions used in the industrial nitrocellulose manufacturing process for sheeted cellulose materials. Because this capability does not presently exist, nitrocellulose producers have historically relied on a very narrow range of cellulose raw materials and resorted to trial and error methods to develop processing conditions for new materials. This tool enables …

Biodegradability Of Cellulose And Its Impact On Oxygen Transfer Efficiency And Biological Nutrients Removal, Ahmed Shawki Ahmed

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cellulose from toilet paper is a significant fraction of particulate organics, which is recoverable. For the first time, comprehensive mapping and tracking the fate of cellulose across various unit processes at full-scale in two water resource recovery facilities located in North America and Europe was undertaken. The influent cellulose content accounted for approximately one-third of the total suspended solids (TSS). More than 80% of the raw wastewater cellulose was captured in primary treatment. The high cellulose content of the primary sludge accounting for 17%-35% of the TSS facilitates cellulose recovery. Cellulose biodegradation efficiency varied between 70%-90% of the primary effluent, …

Modification Of Inuline By Iodic Acid, Rakhmanberdiyev Gappar, Ibragimova Кomila, Аxmedov Оliy

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

In order to further modify inulin with drugs, the process of introducing reactive aldehyde groups into the inulin macromolecule was carried out. Aldehyde groups were introduced by oxidizing inulin with iodic acid. The process of oxidation of inulin and cellulose with iodic acid was compared. The quantities of aldehyde groups in the oxidized samples were estimated, their molecular weights were determined, IR spectra were measured, the iodine number of the inulin dialdehyde and their oxidation state were determined.

Analysis Of Blood Purification Studies On Oxone Mediated Tempo-Oxidized Nano Cellulose Mixed-Matrix Membranes, Tony Roller

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is currently the ninth leading cause of death in the United States, and of the 661,00 Americans diagnosed with ESRD, approximately 468,800 were on hemodialysis in 2016. Hemodialysis refers to a technique where a machine combined with a membrane, often referred to as an artificial kidney, is used to clean blood by removing any waste such as urea, potassium, and other smaller waste products while preserving the concentrations and integrity of cells and proteins in the blood. It has been shown in artificial blood studies that cellulose nanomaterials, like TEMPO/Oxidized cellulose nanoparticles (TOCNs), can be integrated …

Scale-Up Of Polyaniline Cellulose Membranes, Isaac Bodemann

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Polyaniline coated cellulose membranes show impressive conductive properties that may be used to innovate traditional charged separation techniques, such as electrodeionization. However, these membranes are not sold to consumers, so they cannot be easily integrated into such systems. This research focuses on the scale-up and development of positively charged anion exchange membranes to be used in EDI cells. Novel cellulose membranes were made using lab-specific cellulose. These membranes were then coated using a polyaniline technique adopted from a paper titled, “Flexible Electrically Conductive Nanocomposite Membrane Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Polyaniline." This paper details the methods used to add the …

Cellulose Based Separator For High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries, Akshit Vaidya

Masters Theses

During the past two decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have gained great success in the field of portable devices, and currently, are penetrating to the market of vehicles. Compared to the fast development of LIBs, little efforts have been dedicated to the separator, which is one of the most important components of LIBs. Primarily, the lithium-ion battery separator has two functions, one is to prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes, and the other is to provide a path for effective ionic transportation. Currently, the separator market of LIBs is dominated by polyolefin materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and …

Research On The Process Of Obtaining Industrial Important From Wheat Straw, Kedelbayev Bakhytzhan, Rakhmanberdiev Gaffar, Lahanova Kulzada, Kalymbetov Gani

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work was to develop a process of chemical hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose wheat straw, with the aim of increasing the yield of valuable products necessary for the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and chemical indus-tries. To obtain cellulose wheat straw carried out the process of auto hydrolysis. Studies have been conducted to study the process of chemical hydrolytic hydrolysis and hydrogenation of cellulose from rice processing waste, and optimal process parameters have been developed. As a result, we have implemented a combined (hybrid) hydrolysis-hydrogenation process for producing sorbitol. Developed catalysts for this process, investigated their activity. The influence of …

Elucidating The Properties And Mechanism For Cellulose Dissolution In Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids Using High Concentrations Of Water, Brad Crawford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

The structural, transport, and thermodynamic properties related to cellulose dissolution by tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl) and tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH)-water mixtures have been calculated via molecular dynamics simulations. For both ionic liquid (IL)-water solutions, water veins begin to form between the TBPs interlocking arms at 80 mol % water, opening a pathway for the diffusion of the anions, cations, and water. The water veins allow for a diffusion regime shift in the concentration region from 80 to 92.5 mol % water, providing a higher probability of solvent interaction with the dissolving cellulose strand. The hydrogen bonding was compared between small and large …

Influence Of Heating Rate On The Solid Yield Of Biomass Pyrolysis, Markus Lang, Kathrin Weber, Peter Quicker

Bio-Char II: Production, Characterization and Applications

The use of biochar has become increasingly popular over the last decade. The possible applications are vast and range from renewable carbon carrier in industrial and energetic applications to soil amendment and fodder additive. The various applications have different demands on the properties of biochar. These can be influenced by the choice of feedstock, reactor and production conditions. Regardless of production process and application however, achieving a high yield of the solid product is desirable from an economic point of view. The higher the treatment temperature, the more material is devolatilized and the lower is the amount of biochar that …

Evaluation Of Biodegradability Characteristics Of Cellulose-Based Film As Per Is/Iso 14855-1, Narayan C. Saha Dr, Gaurav Madhu Dr, Diksha B. Kadu Ms

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Biodegradable polymers (especially those derived from plant sources) begin their lifecycle as renewable resources, usually in the form of starch or cellulose. In this paper, the evaluation of biodegradability of cellulose-based polymer film under controlled composting conditions as per the guidelines of IS/ISO 14855 (Part-1) standard has been described. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder was taken as positive-control polymer. The apparatus used to analyse the degree and rate of biodegradation was developed indigenously. The validation of the biodegradability testing apparatus was also performed as per the prescribed test method given in IS/ISO 14855-1.

Depolymerization Of Fractionated Wood By Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Felipe Buendia-Kandia, Nicolas Brosse, Guillain Mauviel, Anthony Dufour

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass produces a mixture of compounds that have to be separated to produce purified building blocks. Moreover, lignin derived products have a detrimental effect on further biological conversion processes, such as fermentation. For all these reasons, it is important to develop an integrated approach for a better fractionation and valorisation of macromolecules (carbohydrates and lignin) in bio-refineries.

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Direct Polymer Grafting As A Method Of Maintaining The Mechanical Properties Of Cellulose Nanocrystals In The Presence Of Moisture, Mary Elizabeth Breen-Lyles

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a distinctive nanomaterial derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, and the primary reinforcing structural component of cellulose fibrils found within the plant cell wall. These nanocrystals exhibit mechanical properties comparable to synthetic aramid fibers but are advantageous as they are biodegradable, renewable, and can be produced sustainably as they are predominantly extracted from naturally occurring cellulosic materials. These qualities make it a sustainable, highly renewable and environmentally friendly material to be used in place of synthetic materials in a variety of applications. With their high surface area to volume ratio, low level …

Synthesis, Functionalization, And Application Of Nanofiltration And Composite Membranes For Selective Separations, Andrew Steven Colburn

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Future nanofiltration (NF) membranes used for selective separations of ions and small organic molecules must maintain performance in environments where high concentrations of total dissolved solvents or foulants are present. These challenges can be addressed through the development of composite membranes, as well as the engineering of enhanced surface properties and operating conditions for existing commercial membranes.

In this work, ion transport through commercial thin film composite (TFC) polyamide NF membranes were studied in both lab-prepared salt solutions and industrial wastewater. The dependence of several variables on ion rejection was investigated, including ion radius, ion charge, ionic strength, and temperature. …