Engineering Commons^™

A New Interpretation Of The √7×√7 R19.1° Structure For P Adsorbed On A Ni(111) Surface, Elizabeth Barrow, Grant S. Seuser, Hiroko Ariga-Miwa, Donna A. Chen, Jochen A. Lauterbach, Kiyotaka Asakura

Faculty Publications

We have studied P adsorption on Ni(111), a system which shows complex adsorbate structures. We determined the phase diagram of the surface P adsorbed on Ni(111). At low coverage, amorphous P was observed. At temperatures between 373 and 673 K and coverages above 0.1 monolayer, we found a √7×√7 R19.1° structure, but above 673 K, other complex structures were created. These structures seemed to correlate with each other and we reinterpret a √7×√7 R19.1° structure of P adsorbed on Ni(111) based on the similarities of these surface structures. The new rectangular structure for the √7×√7 19.1° is discussed in relation …

A New Interpretation Of The √7×√7 R19.1° Structure For P Adsorbed On A Ni(111) Surface, Elizabeth Barrow, Grant S. Seuser, Hiroko Ariga-Miwa, Donna A. Chen, Jochen A. Lauterbach, Kiyotaka Asakura

Faculty Publications

We have studied P adsorption on Ni(111), a system which shows complex adsorbate structures. We determined the phase diagram of the surface P adsorbed on Ni(111). At low coverage, amorphous P was observed. At temperatures between 373 and 673 K and coverages above 0.1 monolayer, we found a √7×√7 R19.1° structure, but above 673 K, other complex structures were created. These structures seemed to correlate with each other and we reinterpret a √7×√7 R19.1° structure of P adsorbed on Ni(111) based on the similarities of these surface structures. The new rectangular structure for the √7×√7 19.1° is discussed in relation …

Assessing Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Properties Under Different Thermal Treatments, Erick S. Vasquez, Evan M. Prehn, Keisha B. Walters

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Magnetic nanoparticle structures have been examined as potential carrier vehicles and substrates in a wide range of applications where they undergo mechanical, chemical and/or thermal manipulation to allow for their modification, conjugation and transport. For safe and effective use, it is imperative to not only measure the initial physicochemical and structural properties of nanomaterials, but also identify and quantify any property changes related to a loss of chemical and/or physical integrity during processing and usage conditions. In this study an assessment of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle thermal stability using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and a controlled-heating system is conducted …

Low Temperature Liquid Metal Batteries For Energy Storage Applications, Cameron A. Lippert, Kunlei Liu, James Landon, Susan A. Odom, Nicolas E. Holubowitch

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to a molten metal battery of liquid bismuth and liquid tin electrodes and a eutectic electrolyte. The electrodes may be coaxial and coplanar. The eutectic electrolyte may be in contact with a surface of each electrode. The eutectic electrolyte may comprise ZnC1₂:KCI.

Fluorinated Coal Derived Carbons And Electrodes For Use In Battery Systems And Similar, Stephen M. Lipka, Christopher R. Swartz

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Patents

An electrode including fluorinated and surface defluorinated coal is described, as well as methods of producing such and employing such within an electrical system. The coal in the electrodes is fluorinated at an amount of between 0.3 and 1 .4. The resulting coal products can be further surface defluorinated and maintain functionality within an electrical system.

Zirconia-Based Compositions For Use In Passive NoX Adsorber Devices, Deborah Jayne Harris, David Alastair Scapens, John G. Darab, Mark Crocker, Yaying Ji

Chemistry Faculty Patents

A passive NO_x adsorbent includes: palladium, platinum or a mixture thereof and a mixed or composite oxide including the following elements in percentage by weight, expressed in terms of oxide: 10-90% by weight zirconium and 0.1-50% by weight of least one of the following: a transition metal or a lanthanide series element other than Ce.

Although the passive NO_x adsorbent can include Ce in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight expressed in terms of oxide, advantages are obtained particularly in the case of low-Ce or a substantially Ce-free passive NO_x adsorbent.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone - Reduced Graphene Oxide - Pd Nanoparticles As An Efficient Nanocomposite For Catalysis Applications In Cross-Coupling Reactions, Hany A. Elazab, Tamer T. El-Idreesy

Chemical Engineering

This paper reported a scientific approach adopting microwave-assisted synthesis as a synthetic route for preparing highly active palladium nanoparticles stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pd/PVP) and supported on reduced Gra-phene oxide (rGO) as a highly active catalyst used for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions with remarkable turnover number (6500) and turnover frequency of 78000 h-1. Pd/PVP nanoparticles supported on re-duced Graphene oxide nanosheets (Pd-PVP/rGO) showed an outstanding performance through high catalytic activ-ity towards cross coupling reactions. A simple, reproducible, and reliable method was used to prepare this efficient catalyst using microwave irradiation synthetic conditions. The synthesis approach requires simultaneous reduc-tion …

Proactive Energy Optimization In Residential Buildings With Weather And Market Forecasts, Cody Simmons, Joshua Arment, Kody M. Powell, John Hedengren

Faculty Publications

This work explores the development of a home energy management system (HEMS) that uses weather and market forecasts to optimize the usage of home appliances and to manage battery usage and solar power production. A Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) application is used to find the unknown home model parameters. These parameters are then updated in a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) which optimizes and balances competing comfort and economic objectives. Combining MHE and MPC applications alleviates model complexity commonly seen in HEMS by using a lumped parameter model that is adapted to fit a high-fidelity model. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning …

Beneficial Mutations For Carotenoid Production Identified From Laboratory-Evolved Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Avinash Godara, Maria Alejandra Gomez Rodriguez, Joshua Weatherston, George Peabody, Hung-Jen Wu, Katy Kao

Faculty Publications

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a powerful tool used to increase strain fitness in the presence of environmental stressors. If production and strain fitness can be coupled, ALE can be used to increase product formation. In earlier work, carotenoids hyperproducing mutants were obtained using an ALE strategy. Here, de novo mutations were identified in hyperproducers, and reconstructed mutants were explored to determine the exact impact of each mutation on production and tolerance. A single mutation in YMRCTy1-3 conferred increased carotenoid production, and when combined with other beneficial mutations led to further increased β-carotene production. Findings also suggest that the ALE …

A Characterization Of Different Alkali Chemical Agents For Alkaline Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations: An Experimental Investigation, Sherif Fakher, Hesham Abdelaal, Youssef Elgahawy, Abdulmohsin Imqam

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Alkaline injection is a chemical enhanced oil recovery method that is used to increase oil recovery by reacting with the crude oil and creating an in situ surfactant. Many chemical agents can be used as an alkali during injection all of which have several advantages and disadvantages. This research focuses on the innate properties of three alkali agents and their ability to alter pH and temperature downhole. Alkali solutions were prepared with five different concentrations including 0.2, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%. The impact of varying the alkali concentration, monovalent cations manifested in sodium chloride, and divalent cations manifested …

Application Of Artificial Neural Networks In The Drilling Processes: Can Equivalent Circulation Density Be Estimated Prior To Drilling?, Husam Hasan Alkinani, Abo Taleb Al-Hameedi, Shari Dunn-Norman, David Lian

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As the drilling environment became more challenging nowadays, managing equivalent circulating density (ECD) is a key factor to minimize non-productive time (NPT) due to many drilling obstacles such as stuck pipe, formation fracturing, and lost circulation. The goal of this work was to predict ECD prior to drilling by using artificial neural network (ANN). Once ECD is recognized, the crucial drilling variables impact ECD can be modified to control ECD within the acceptable ranges. Data from over 2000 wells collected worldwide were used in this study to create an ANN to predict ECD prior to drilling. Into training, validation, and …

Bicontinuous Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Gels (Bijels) As Media For Enabling Enzymatic Reactive Separation Of A Highly Water Insoluble Substrate, Sanghak Cha, Hyun Lim, Martin Haase, Kathleen Stebe, Gyoo Jung, Daeyeon Lee

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Although enzymes are efficient catalysts capable of converting various substrates into desired products with high specificity under mild conditions, their effectiveness as catalysts is substantially reduced when substrates are poorly water-soluble. In this study, to expedite the enzymatic conversion of a hydrophobic substrate, we use a bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel (bijel) which provides large interfacial area between two immiscible liquids: oil and water. Using lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin as a model reaction in a batch mode, we show that bijels can be used as media to enable enzymatic reaction. The bijel system gives a four-fold increase in the initial …

Integrating The Three E’S In Wastewater Treatment, Kirti Maheshkumar Yenkie

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Water is often the most mispriced and misused component in domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors. The rise in world population and industrialization in developing nations has tremendously increased the demand for water and has resulted in the generation of wastewater which is contaminated with dangerous pollutants and unknown contaminants. Furthermore, if the wastewater is not treated properly the toxic pollutants will leach back into the ground ultimately contaminating the groundwater resources. Thus, wastewater treatment, reuse, and safe disposal have become crucial for sustainable existence. In this review, the different aspects involved in designing efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment systems such …

Polyball: A New Adsorbent For The Efficient Removal Of Endotoxin From Biopharmaceuticals, Sidharth Razdan, Jee-Ching Wang, Sutapa Barua

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The presence of endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as a side product appears to be a major drawback for the production of certain biomolecules that are essential for research, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. In the biotechnology industry, gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli ) are widely used to produce recombinant products such as proteins, plasmid DNAs and vaccines. These products are contaminated with LPS, which may cause side effects when administered to animals or humans. Purification of LPS often suffers from product loss. For this reason, special attention must be paid when purifying proteins aiming a product as free as …

Tracking Lysosome Migration Within Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells Following Exposure To Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields, Gary L. Thompson Iii, Hope T. Beier, Bennett L. Ibey

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Above a threshold electric field strength, 600 ns-duration pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure substantially porates and permeabilizes cellular plasma membranes in aqueous solution to many small ions. Repetitive exposures increase permeabilization to calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in a dosage-dependent manner. Such exposure conditions can create relatively long-lived pores that reseal after passive lateral diffusion of lipids should have closed the pores. One explanation for eventual pore resealing is active membrane repair, and an ubiquitous repair mechanism in mammalian cells is lysosome exocytosis. A previous study shows that intracellular lysosome movement halts upon a 16.2 kV/cm, 600-ns PEF exposure of …

Cgste11 Mediates Cross Tolerance To Multiple Environmental Stressors In Candida Glabrata, Mian Huang, Jibran Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Julian Daniel Torres Vanega, Orlando Andres Aguilar Patiño, Anand Ramasubramanian, Katy Kao

Faculty Publications

Candida glabrata is a human commensal and an opportunistic human fungal pathogen. It is more closely related to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae than other Candida spp. Compared with S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata exhibits higher innate tolerance to various environmental stressors, including hyperthermal stress. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms of C. glabrata adaptation to heat stress via adaptive laboratory evolution. We show that all parallel evolved populations readily adapt to hyperthermal challenge (from 47 °C to 50 °C) and exhibit convergence in evolved phenotypes with extensive cross-tolerance to various other environmental stressors such as oxidants, acids, and alcohols. Genome …

In-Situ Extraction And Impregnation Of Black Walnut Husk Into Polyethylene Film Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide With An Ethanol Modifier, Johnathon Wenzel, Veronica Moorman, Lihua Wang, Cheryl S. Samaniego, Michelle Ammerman, Isaiah Spencer-Williams, Mitchell Hall

Chemical Engineering Publications

Walnuts are commonly cultivated for their kernel, which is a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The husk likewise contains antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, but is typically discarded without further processing. Antioxidant compounds are useful in creating active packaging films, but typically decompose at melt extrusion temperatures in polymer processing. Due to carbon dioxide's low critical point and ability to swell polymer films, supercritical carbon dioxide may be used to impregnate phenolic compounds into polymers. For this study, a novel technique is used to simultaneously produce walnut husk extracts and impregnate the extract into polymer films in the same batch …

Decorative Articles Based On Polymeric Materials, Bassant Hussein, Yasser M. Asal, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical Engineering

The aim of the research is to create decorative articles based on polymeric materials, study the effects of fillers and the type of moulds that it can cope with the exothermic reaction nature of resin to create a scientific background on the usage of the resins in daily life products. The polymeric materials that will be concentrated on are the unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. The unsaturated polyester is of many types and chemical constituents, the used experimentally is a general-purpose type and the epoxy also have different types and the used is a commercially 3D floor coating type. …

Novel Adsorbent For Industrial Wastewater Treatment Applications, Ahmed Y. Zakaria, Dalia A. Ali, Islam M. Al-Akraa, Hoda A. Elsawy, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical Engineering

In this study, the hydroxyapatite powder is investigated for both of methylene blue and thymol blue in aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were evaluated systematically using the different techniques including Microsoft Excel programming, linear regression model and also the coefficient of determination. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentrations, and also the adsorbent dosage on adsorption. The adsorption kinetic parameters confirmed the better fitting of pseudo-second order kinetic model for both of methylene blue and thymol blue. The isotherm data of methylene blue and thymol …

Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Binary Metallic Oxides For Catalysis Applications, Abdelrahman Mostafa Kamal, Sherif Bahgat, Mohammed Hammam, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical Engineering

Herein, versatile, and reproducible method to prepare binary metal oxides via microwave assisted synthesis. Catalysts are substances that basically speeds up chemical reactions. Ideally, bonds are formed between the catalysts and the reactants. Also, catalysts permits formation of products from the reactants. These formed products, splits off the catalyst without affecting or changing it. Catalytic kinetics studies the correlate chemical reaction rate with some properties of reactants and/or products for instance; temperature, concentration and pressure. The aim of the project is to prepare pure and bi-metal iron based catalyst by co-precipitation method and to characterize the prepared sample using X-ray …

Composite Materials Based On Twaron And Nano Materials, Omnia Hamdy, Remon A. Mankarious, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical Engineering

This research aims to participate in producing body shield that can overcome pervious drawbacks using behaviour of shear thickening fluid. Initially, the rheological behaviour of silica-polyethylene glycol shear thickening fluid is examined at different concentrations. Then, ballistic fabric samples are impregnated into silica-polyethylene glycol shear thickening fluid at various concentrations of silica and tested using gas gun simulating real ballistic threat. After that, the impact of rubbery hot water pack filled with around 66.67 wt% starch in water is tested using gas gun. Results showed as the concentration of silica increases, the indentation depth in the impregnated fabric decreases which …

Periodic Operation Of A Dynamic Dna Origami Structure Utilizing The Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Phase‐Transition Of Stimulus‐Sensitive Polypeptides, Marisa A. Goetzfried, Kilian Vogele, Andrea Mückl, Marcus Kaiser, Nolan B. Holland, Friedrich C. Simmel, Tobias Pirzer

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Dynamic DNA nanodevices are designed to perform structure‐encoded motion actuated by a variety of different physicochemical stimuli. In this context, hybrid devices utilizing other components than DNA have the potential to considerably expand the library of functionalities. Here, the reversible reconfiguration of a DNA origami structure using the stimulus sensitivity of elastin‐like polypeptides is reported. To this end, a rectangular sheet made using the DNA origami technique is functionalized with these peptides and by applying changes in salt concentration the hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase transition of these peptides actuate the folding of the structure. The on‐demand and reversible switching of the rectangle …

A Review Of 30 Years Of Research Using The Cpd Model, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model for coal pyrolysis was first published in 1989, and a completed version that included the vapor–liquid equilibrium model and cross-linking model was published in 1992. The CPD model was one of three pyrolysis models developed using a lattice model to account for the chemical structure of the coal and was directly based on solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the coal structure. A correlation of coal structure parameters measured by NMR spectroscopy was performed to permit use of the CPD model to determine pyrolysis rates and yields of tars and light …

Simulated Biological Fluid Exposure Changes Nanoceria’S Surface Properties But Not Its Biological Response, Robert A. Yokel, Matthew L. Hancock, Benjamin Cherian, Alexandra J. Brooks, Marsha L. Ensor, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Patrick G. Sullivan, Eric A. Grulke

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Nanoscale cerium dioxide (nanoceria) has industrial applications, capitalizing on its catalytic, abrasive, and energy storage properties. It auto-catalytically cycles between Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, giving it pro-and anti-oxidative properties. The latter mediates beneficial effects in models of diseases that have oxidative stress/inflammation components. Engineered nanoparticles become coated after body fluid exposure, creating a corona, which can greatly influence their fate and effects. Very little has been reported about nanoceria surface changes and biological effects after pulmonary or gastrointestinal fluid exposure. The study objective was to address the hypothesis that simulated biological fluid (SBF) exposure changes nanoceria’s surface properties …

Development And Characterisation Of High Surface Energy Microstructured Sol-Gel Coatings For Sensing Applications, Emma Machugh

Doctoral

This study investigates the development of high surface energy photoreactive organic inorganic hybrid sol-gel coatings for the microstructuration of high-resolution microfluidic platforms and optofluidic biosensor platforms by standard photolithography processes. To achieve this, the first step of our work consisted of identifying the fundamental physico chemical processes governing the structuration and surface properties of hybrid organic inorganic sol-gel coatings. For this purpose, a reference material based on the combination of an organosilane (3-Methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane, MAPTMS) and a transition metal (zirconium propoxide, ZPO), was firstly developed and characterised. It was highlighted that chemical, physical and combined physical and chemical processes can be …

Extraction And Visualization Of Orientation Data From Virtual Geologic Surfaces With Matlab®, Avery J. Welker, John Patrick Hogan, Andreas Eckert

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-resolution visualization of surfaces of geologic interest, at a multitude of scales, using 3D point cloud technologies provides an opportunity to analyze spatial relationships of surfaces using orientation data. We present a MATLAB® script that produces planar geologic attitude data (e.g., strike, dip, and dip-direction data) from 3D datasets (e.g., point clouds, 3D scanning). The method utilizes Cartesian coordinates of triangular planar surfaces and converts them into matrices of conventional geologic attitude data. Spatial relationships among data points can be investigated, using polar tangent diagrams, stereographic analysis, or geologic curvature analysis. We utilize this script to create "synthetic" graphical plots …

Alterations In Phenotype And Gene Expression Of Adult Human Aneurysmal Smooth Muscle Cells By Exogenous Nitric Oxide, Kurt Farrell, Phillip Simmers, Gautam Mahajana, Ludovic Boytard, Andrew Camardo, Jyotsna Joshi, Anand Ramamurthi, Florence Pine, Chandrasekhar R. Kothapalli

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by matrix remodeling, elastin degradation, absence of nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and inflammation, influencing smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype and gene expression. Little is known about the biomolecular release and intrinsic biomechanics of human AAA-SMCs. NO delivery could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to restore lost functionality of AAA-SMCs by inhibiting inflammation and cell stiffening. We aim to establish the differences in phenotype and gene expression of adult human AAA-SMCs from healthy SMCs. Based on our previous study which showed benefits of optimal NO dosage delivered via S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to healthy aortic SMCs, we …

Decorative Articles Based On Polymeric Materials, Bassant Hussein, Yaser M. Asal, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The aim of the research is to create decorative articles based on polymeric materials, study the effects of fillers and the type of moulds that it can cope with the exothermic reaction nature of resin to create a scientific background on the usage of the resins in daily life products. The polymeric materials that will be concentrated on are the unsaturated polyester resins and epoxy resins. The unsaturated polyester is of many types and chemical constituents, the used experimentally is a general-purpose type and the epoxy also have different types and the used is a commercially 3D floor coating type. …

Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Binary Metallic Oxides For Catalysis Applications, Abdelrahman Mostafa Kamal, Sherif Bahgat, Mohamed Hammam, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Herein, versatile, and reproducible method to prepare binary metal oxides via microwave assisted synthesis. Catalysts are substances that basically speeds up chemical reactions. Ideally, bonds are formed between the catalysts and the reactants. Also, catalysts permit formation of products from the reactants. These formed products, splits off the catalyst without affecting or changing it. Catalytic kinetics studies the correlate chemical reaction rate with some properties of reactants and/or products for instance, temperature, concentration and pressure. The aim of the project is to prepare pure and bi-metal iron-based catalyst by co-precipitation method and to characterize the prepared sample using X-ray diffraction. …

Composite Materials Based On Twaron And Nano Materials, Omnia Hamdy, Remon A. Mankarious, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research aims to participate in producing body shield that can overcome pervious drawbacks using behavior of shear thickening fluid. Initially, the rheological behavior of silica-polyethylene glycol shear thickening fluid is examined at different concentrations. Then, ballistic fabric samples are impregnated into silica-polyethylene glycol shear thickening fluid at various concentrations of silica and tested using gas gun simulating real ballistic threat. After that, the impact of rubbery hot water pack filled with around 66.67 wt% starch in water is tested using gas gun. Results showed as the concentration of silica increases, the indentation depth in the impregnated fabric decreases which …