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Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Quantification Of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential In The Isloated Rat Lung Using R6g, Anthony Cammarata
Quantification Of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential In The Isloated Rat Lung Using R6g, Anthony Cammarata
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δm) plays a key role in vital mitochondrial functions, and its dissipation is a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction in various cell types. The objective of this study was to develop an experimental and computational approach for estimating Δm in intact rat lungs using the lipophilic fluorescent cationic dye rhodamine 6G (R6G). Rat lungs were isolated and connected to a ventilation-perfusion system. The experimental Protocol consisted of three single-pass phases: loading, wash, and uncoupling, in which the lungs were perfused with R6G-containing perfusate, fresh R6G-free perfusate, or R6G-free perfusate containing the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, respectively. This Protocol was …
Biomethane Production From Biodegradable Plastics, Nicholas John Norio Benn
Biomethane Production From Biodegradable Plastics, Nicholas John Norio Benn
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Organic polymer plastics are often short-lived commodities for single-use that result in landfill buildup and persistence in the environment. Plastic waste accumulation can cause ecological damage. Plastic production continues to outpace plastic waste management and perpetuates the growing epidemic of plastic pollution. More efficient handling of plastics would be beneficial. One improvement involves biodegradable plastics (i.e., bioplastics), particularly polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which can alleviate environmental concerns stemming from mismanagement. Yet, there are currently no bioplastic waste management strategies scalable to handle the millions of pounds of bioplastics that enter the waste stream. Therefore, new bioplastic resource recovery …
Chemical Pretreatment And Dewaterability Of Aanaerobically Digested Bio-P Biosolids, Eileen Margaret Kennedy
Chemical Pretreatment And Dewaterability Of Aanaerobically Digested Bio-P Biosolids, Eileen Margaret Kennedy
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Phosphorous (P) effluent regulations from water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) have become more stringent to reduce the damage of eutrophication caused by excess amounts of P. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a popular method to help comply with these regulations combined with other practices such as filtration. However, the sludges from facilities that employ EBPR (bio-P sludges) are difficult to dewater and require more polymer than conventional sludge, thereby increasing the cost of solids handling at these facilities. The monovalent to divalent (M/D) cation ratio, which is important in dewatering, is reportedly altered during the EBPR process. P speciation …
Electrochemical Removal Of Estrogenic Compounds From Drinking Water, Emily Maher
Electrochemical Removal Of Estrogenic Compounds From Drinking Water, Emily Maher
Dissertations (1934 -)
Estrogenic compounds in water pose a range of ecological health risks such as fish feminization and public health risks including reproductive health issues, precocious puberty, cancer, and increased rates of obesity and diabetes. Drinking water treatment systems were not designed to remove estrogenic compounds. This research evaluated the use of advanced drinking water treatment processes, specifically electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO), for the removal of estrogenic compounds. Bench-scale experiments revealed that, during EC, current density correlated well with an increase in estrogenic compound removal, while conductivity did not impact removal. Higher stir rates and faster polarity reversal times improved estrogenic …
Registration Of Total Hip Replacement Implants From Subjects Imaged With 1.5 And 3 Tesla Mri Scanners Using Mavric, Theodore Lawrence Degroot
Registration Of Total Hip Replacement Implants From Subjects Imaged With 1.5 And 3 Tesla Mri Scanners Using Mavric, Theodore Lawrence Degroot
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common treatment to correct arthritis and necrosis ailing the hip joint. An array of diseases can occur in response to the presence and wear of the implant. MRI is an imaging modality that can assess and diagnosis the diseases ailing the periprosthetic tissues, however images of a metal implants are susceptible to artifacts. Aim 1 of this study was to register the THAs imaged at 3T to 1.5T images; Aim 2 was to validate that metal susceptibility artifacts increase with field strength.Methods: 21 subjects with a total of 29 hip prosthetics that …
A Comparison Of Model Reduction Techniques For Multi-Zone Building Thermal Models, John Burroughs
A Comparison Of Model Reduction Techniques For Multi-Zone Building Thermal Models, John Burroughs
Master's Theses (2009 -)
In this thesis model order reduction techniques are applied to a set of systems representing the thermodynamics of a multi-zone building. The models are intended to be used in a model predictive control (MPC) application, with the individual zones defined using a simplified two temperature model. There has been an increased interest in model identification and reduction for MPC applications of building models that include multi-zone and non-linear models, but the most of this work has focused on models where individual zones are represented with a higher order model. Manual pole/zero removal, dominant eigenvalue, and balanced model reduction methods are …
Magnetic Gears And Magnetically Geared Electrical Machines With Reduced Rare-Earth Materials, Ali Hussain Al-Qarni
Magnetic Gears And Magnetically Geared Electrical Machines With Reduced Rare-Earth Materials, Ali Hussain Al-Qarni
Master's Theses (2009 -)
This thesis covers a new emerging class of electrical machines, namely, Magnetic Gears (MGs) and Magnetically Geared Machines (MGMs). This particular kind of gears/machines are able of either scaling up or down the revolution-per-minute to meet various load profiles as in the case of mechanical gearboxes. Mechanical gearboxes have historically dominated various applications due to their relatively high torque density. However, mechanical gearboxes require physical contact between the rotational components, whereas MGs and MGMs accomplish fundamentally the same function via a contactless mechanism. This physical isolation between the rotational components lead to several advantages in a favor of MGs and …
Effect Of Low Reactivity Fuel On Reaction Wave Growth Of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures In A Rapid Compression Machine, David J. Roulo
Effect Of Low Reactivity Fuel On Reaction Wave Growth Of Dual-Fuel Stratified Mixtures In A Rapid Compression Machine, David J. Roulo
Master's Theses (2009 -)
For over 40 years, researchers have been studying homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) as a combustion strategy to improve the efficiency and emissions of the internal combustion strategy. Although early results were promising, it has been since discovered that HCCI engines only operate to their potential over a narrow load band. To remedy this, introducing inhomogeneities has been suggested as a method of controlling HCCI combustion in such a way to improve its usefulness. One such inhomogeneity is referred to as fuel octane number stratification and consists of port injecting a low reactivity fuel, allowing it to become well mixed, …
Optimal Conditions For Measuring Ignition Quality In Non-Engine Tests, Ashley Hatzenbihler
Optimal Conditions For Measuring Ignition Quality In Non-Engine Tests, Ashley Hatzenbihler
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Experiments and simulation work were conducted to explore the conditions that influence ignition events in a constant volume environment. Experiments were conducted in a Fuel Ignition Tester, produced by CFR Engines, Inc., and in a prototype combustion chamber to observe the combustion of diesel fuels and primary reference fuels. These experiments attempted to isolate experimental conditions that would provide repeatable pressure measurements. These experiments showed that the fuel spray properties and the environmental conditions, such as initial temperature and initial pressure, are significantly influential in these results. Simulation work was conducted in Converge 2.2.0 to explore these conditions further. The …
Design And Evaluation Of A Novel Ankle Joint For An Ankle Foot Orthosis For Individuals With Drop-Foot, Eileen Maya Baker
Design And Evaluation Of A Novel Ankle Joint For An Ankle Foot Orthosis For Individuals With Drop-Foot, Eileen Maya Baker
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Individuals who have had a stroke often ambulate with an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) to treat drop-foot, a common impairment preventing active ankle dorsiflexion. AFOs limit ankle plantarflexion or drop-foot, but also restrict ankle motion that introduces additional gait pathologies during ambulation. The goal of this study was to design a mechanical ankle joint for an articulated thermoplastic AFO to permit enhanced motion during stance. This novel ankle joint operated in two stages: 1) locked during swing to prevent drop-foot and 2) unlocked during stance to allow motion. This novel ankle joint was first tested with able-bodied subjects to ensure …
A Continuous And Static Water Contaminant Detection System Using Rf Microwave Principles, Rafee Mahbub
A Continuous And Static Water Contaminant Detection System Using Rf Microwave Principles, Rafee Mahbub
Master's Theses (2009 -)
A continuous, static, and non-interfering water contaminant detection method is presented to measure specific water contaminants (NaCl, MgCl2, and mixture of NaCl and MgCl2) using RF microwave principles. A coil is mounted on the surface of a glass tube and the liquid sample is placed inside of the tube. An external magnetic field generated by the coil continuously measures changes in radio frequency energy. The non-contact feature of the device allows a long sensor lifetime with high sensitivity for real-time measurements. The measurement parameter is reflection coefficient (S11) and the operating frequency is 10 MHz – 5 GHz. For NaCl …
Low-Cost, Water Pressure Sensing And Leakage Detection Using Micromachined Membranes, Farhana Anwar
Low-Cost, Water Pressure Sensing And Leakage Detection Using Micromachined Membranes, Farhana Anwar
Master's Theses (2009 -)
This work presents the only known SOI membrane approach, using Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques, to address viable water leakage sensing requirements at low cost. In this research, membrane thickness and diameter are used in concert to target specific stiffness values that will result in targeted operational pressure ranges of approximately 0-120 psi. A MEMS membrane device constructed using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, has been tested and packaged for the water environment. MEMS membrane arrays will be used to determine operational pressure range by bursting.Two applications of these SOI membranes in aqueous environment are investigated in this research. The first …
Local Density Parameters With Respect To Powder Metal Sintering Process, Jungu Kang
Local Density Parameters With Respect To Powder Metal Sintering Process, Jungu Kang
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Mapping of local density fractions and a mathematically approximated density fraction model of sintered powder metal were studied in this research. Specimens were studied utilizing an image analysis software, HCImage, and local density fraction maps were acquired for each sintering condition. A regression function of sintering temperature, sintering time, radius and depth was then derived from the local density fractions. The experimental procedures including specimen preparation, image analysis, and data analysis are demonstrated in detail within this research. Through the local density maps and the regression function, two objectives were sought as follow:1. Determination of the density fraction gradient …
Dual-Modality Smartphone-Based Fiber-Optic Microendoscope System For Early Detection Of Cervical Neoplasia, Xiangqian Hong
Dual-Modality Smartphone-Based Fiber-Optic Microendoscope System For Early Detection Of Cervical Neoplasia, Xiangqian Hong
Dissertations (1934 -)
Cervical cancer remains the leading cause of death for women in low middle-income countries (LMICs), where the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are disproportionately high. Due to the poor medical conditions and lack of resources, the benefits of early screening methods such Pap smear and HPV test have yet to be realized in these areas. The more viable screening option - visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is relatively easier to implement and lower in cost. However, the effectiveness of VIA on the early detection of cervical cancer is still in question because of its low specificity, which may …
Construction Labor Productivity Benchmarking: A Comparison Between On-Site Construction And Prefabrication, Emad Nadi
Dissertations (1934 -)
Construction labor productivity has been declining over the past sixty years, which has caused a decline in overall construction productivity. The traditional ways of managing construction projects and their delivery have evolved into an inherently inefficient and adversarial process. There was always a need to improve the way construction elements are constructed and delivered to the job site such as adopting lean construction. One way to achieve this goal is to prefabricate the construction elements off site and then deliver them to the site for installation. Prefabrication is a process of assembling building components in a remote location using a …
Investigation Of Surface Topology Effects On Metal Flow Of Aluminum And Steel During Hot Compression, Andrew Richard Matcha
Investigation Of Surface Topology Effects On Metal Flow Of Aluminum And Steel During Hot Compression, Andrew Richard Matcha
Master's Theses (2009 -)
An investigation was conducted to study the effect of die surface roughness and lay on metal flow and the friction factor under lubricated hot compression. 6061-T6 aluminum and AISI 1018 steel rings and rectangular bar stock workpieces were compressed on H-13 tool steel platens of varying roughnesses ranging from Ra 0.25 – 6.1 µm (10 – 240 µin). Each platen was machined in such a way to ensure that the surface roughness would be unidirectional. Platen temperatures of 149 °C and 204 °C (300 °F and 400 °F) were used for all aluminum ring samples whereas platen temperatures ranging from …
Automated Shaped Charge Design: Applying Dakota Optimization To Cth Kinetic Energy Results, Sebastian Arcangelo Konewko
Automated Shaped Charge Design: Applying Dakota Optimization To Cth Kinetic Energy Results, Sebastian Arcangelo Konewko
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Advances in computational power present an opportunity to further optimize the design of an engineered energetic system. This work presents the application of a proposed optimization scheme which combines the shock-physics hydrocode CTH with the DAKOTA optimization package to automate shaped-charge jet design. The formation of an explosively driven hypervelocity jet is highly dependent on the original shaped charge liner geometry. By parameterizing this geometry, and by developing a characteristic objective function from CTH simulations, a process can be established where the Dakota code iteratively builds an optimal shaped charge. This work attempts to use this methodology to reproduce a …
Effects Of Radiation And Egr On Pollutant Formation In High-Pressure Constant Volume Spray Combustion, Khaled Mosharraf Mosharraf Mukut
Effects Of Radiation And Egr On Pollutant Formation In High-Pressure Constant Volume Spray Combustion, Khaled Mosharraf Mosharraf Mukut
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Soot formation is a complex process and the actual soot formation methodology is still a mystery. Numerically modeling of soot requires successful coupling of turbulence, chemistry and radiation modeling. In the present study, a comprehensive sensitivity study is conducted to see the effect of radiation and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot and NOX formation in a high pressure spray combustion scenario. The spray-A case (n-dodecane as fuel) from Engine Combustion Network (ECN) is used as the target condition. Two different soot modeling approaches have been considered: a semi-empirical two-equation model and a method of moments with interpolative closure (MOMIC). …
Detecting Invasive Insects Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Brian Stumph
Detecting Invasive Insects Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Brian Stumph
Master's Theses (2009 -)
A key aspect to controlling and reducing the effects invasive insect species have on agriculture is to obtain knowledge about the migration patterns of these species. Current state-of-the-art methods of studying these migration patterns involve a mark-release-recapture technique, in which insects are released after being marked and researchers attempt to recapture them later. However, this approach involves a human researcher manually searching for these insects in large fields and results in very low recapture rates. This thesis proposes an automated system for detecting released insects using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Our system utilizes ultraviolet lighting technology, digital cameras, and lightweight …
Evaluating Variability Of Urban Land Surface Temperatures Using Drone Observations, Joseph Naughton
Evaluating Variability Of Urban Land Surface Temperatures Using Drone Observations, Joseph Naughton
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Temperature represents one of the largest impairments for rivers and streams across the United States. In Wisconsin alone, over 17 miles of streams are impaired for temperature. This situation is projected to get worse as urban development and climate change accelerate thermal stress on aquatic environments. Management solutions require accurate and reliable models that represent rainfall-runoff temperature dynamics – particularly the characterization of land surface temperatures and how this translates to urban runoff. However, current models may not reflect the thermal profiles of real-world systems because they rely on in-situ equipment limited to point measurements. Limited studies have considered the …
Pedaling Asymmetry During Lower Limb Pedaling After Stroke, Benjamin Rappaport
Pedaling Asymmetry During Lower Limb Pedaling After Stroke, Benjamin Rappaport
Master's Theses (2009 -)
People with stroke pedal asymmetrically. There may be differences in their pedaling kinetics between their non-paretic and paretic lower limbs and compared to healthy age matched controls. Previous studies have measured pedaling related impairments and impairments with interlimb coordination using electromyography (EMG). These studies did not use torque as a measurement for pedaling related impairments and interlimb coordination impairments. Pedaling symmetry in the laboratory measuring the torque and work production will fill the gaps of the knowledge about motor compensation during lower limb pedaling. As well, pedaling symmetry has not been measured during fMRI because of the inability to measure …
Analysis Of Bjt Colpitts Oscillators - Empirical And Mathematical Methods For Predicting Behavior, Nicholas Jon Stave
Analysis Of Bjt Colpitts Oscillators - Empirical And Mathematical Methods For Predicting Behavior, Nicholas Jon Stave
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Oscillator circuits perform two fundamental roles in wireless communication –the local oscillator for frequency shifting and the voltage-controlled oscillator formodulation and detection. The Colpitts oscillator is a common topology used for theseapplications. Because the oscillator must function as a component of a larger system, theability to predict and control its output characteristics is necessary. Textbooks treating thecircuit often omit analysis of output voltage amplitude and output resistance and theliterature on the topic often focuses on gigahertz-frequency chip-based applications.Without extensive component and parasitics information, it is often difficult to makesimulation software predictions agree …
Profile Synthesis Of Prismatic-Prismatic Variable Joints For Use In Reconfigurable Mechanisms, Ryan Daniel Callahan
Profile Synthesis Of Prismatic-Prismatic Variable Joints For Use In Reconfigurable Mechanisms, Ryan Daniel Callahan
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Reconfigurable mechanisms provide increased flexibility in machine design and can be used in a variety of applications. Variable joints in reconfigurable mechanisms allow for machine designs that better optimize space and resources. This thesis uses a configuration space analysis to determine the motion profiles of Prismatic-Prismatic higher variable joints. Prismatic-Prismatic variable joints have never been analyzed or synthesized. In addition, no variable joints of any type have been considered with two-dimensional contact points. Variable joints enable the creation of Type II Mechanisms with Variable Topology, mechanisms whose topology changes due to changes in joint geometry. The goal of this synthesis …
Power Divider Miniaturization With A Variable Load, Amanda Jensen
Power Divider Miniaturization With A Variable Load, Amanda Jensen
Master's Theses (2009 -)
A 3 Tesla (127.72 MHz) Magnetic Resonance system is able to scan with both the body coil and surface coil at the same time due to a technology called simultaneous acquisition, which uses a 4-port power divider, typically a quad hybrid. This functions at 127.72 MHz. The goal is to replicate this function at 1.5 Tesla field strength (63.86 MHz), but to do so would require the power divider to double in size. This space is not available, so methods of miniaturizing the design were investigated. It was found that slow wave structures cannot shrink the quadrature hybrid design enough …
Sensor Intrusion Detection In Control Systems Using Estimation Theory, Jiayi Su
Sensor Intrusion Detection In Control Systems Using Estimation Theory, Jiayi Su
Master's Theses (2009 -)
In this thesis, two different approaches to sensor intrusion detection are presented. In the first approach, an estimation algorithm using a bank of Kalman Filters is designed that is capable of estimating the intrusion signal when sensors are affected in control systems. The mathematical models of the control system will be established and the system measurement will be shown and after that, various false signals, such as constant-type and ramp-type signal, will be selected as the intrusion signal to affect the system output mentioned above. The system measurement will be tested based on a bank of Kalman Filters. The probabilities …
State Estimation For Various Systems With Partially Unknown Dynamics, Abdulelah Rajeh Alshareef
State Estimation For Various Systems With Partially Unknown Dynamics, Abdulelah Rajeh Alshareef
Master's Theses (2009 -)
This thesis is on state estimation for various system and measurement models with uncertain dynamics. The uncertain dynamics may be due to imprecise system modeling or change in parameters due to varying environmental conditions. Uncertainty may be a result of malicious acts such as hacking of sensors or actuators in the system. Uncertainty may also be a result of external disturbances whose waveforms, magnitudes and arrival times may not be known. These types of model uncertainties will be considered and different estimators will be implemented to deal with such uncertainties in state estimation. In this thesis, for linear stochastic systems …
Detection And Characterization Of Actuator Attacks Using Kalman Filter Estimation, Yuqin Weng
Detection And Characterization Of Actuator Attacks Using Kalman Filter Estimation, Yuqin Weng
Master's Theses (2009 -)
In this thesis, two discrete-time control systems subject to noise, are modeled, analyzed and estimated. These systems are then subjected to attack by false signals such as constant and ramp signals. In order to find out how and when the control systems are being attacked by the false signals, several detection algorithms are applied to the systems. This work focuses on actuator attack detection. To detect the presence of false actuator signals, a bank of Kalman filters is set up which uses adaptive estimation and conditional probability density functions for detecting the false signals. The individual Kalman filters are each …
Correlations Between Shoulder Rotational Motion, Strength Measures And Throwing Biomechanics In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers, Austin William Higgins
Correlations Between Shoulder Rotational Motion, Strength Measures And Throwing Biomechanics In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers, Austin William Higgins
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Pitching involves high stresses to the arm that may alter soft tissue responsible for controlling biomechanics. It has been hypothesized that imbalances in strength and flexibility of the dominant shoulder lead to decreased performance and increased injury risk, but it is not fully known what specific pitching biomechanics are altered. There is a critical need to determine correlations between shoulder rotational strength, range of motion and pitching kinetics. Without such knowledge, identifying potential for injury from shoulder imbalances will likely remain difficult and invasive. The goal of this study was to determine correlations between shoulder rotational strength and range of …
The Characterization Of Char Particle Morphology And Its Effects On Combustion, Scott Jorgensen
The Characterization Of Char Particle Morphology And Its Effects On Combustion, Scott Jorgensen
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Char particle combustion typically occurs under internal diffusion control, which results in inter-particle reactant gradients. Reactant concentrations throughout the char’s carbon structure must be known in order to predict overall particle reaction rates. These concentrations can be predicted by analytical models; however, effects of char morphology are typically ignored within these simplified models. In order to incorporate these effects, the morphology of Illinois coal #6 was studied by visualizing their structure in three-dimensions through the use of micro-computed tomography. Morphological characteristics of macro-porosity, macro-porosity location, and wall thickness were then measured for the sampled char particles. The sampled char particles …
Liquid Flowmeter Using Thermal Measurement; Design And Application, Woojae Chung
Liquid Flowmeter Using Thermal Measurement; Design And Application, Woojae Chung
Master's Theses (2009 -)
This thesis presents flowmeter devices which can measure flowrate, pressure and temperature offlowing liquid samples using thermal measurement method. Typical thermal mass flowmeter usesthermal properties of materials to obtain flow features only for gases. We designed and fabricatedflowmeter devices with various functionalities such as: measuring properties of flowing liquid andidentifying the type of liquid samples.Thermal measurement methods using temperature sensor is a key of our flowmeter’s workingprinciple. The thermal mass flowmeter consists of a glass capillary, a tungsten wire heater, and aresistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor. The heater and sensors are integrated on …