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Articles 61 - 74 of 74
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Melt Dispersion Mechanism For Fast Reaction Of Nanothermites, Valery I. Levitas, Blaine W. Asay, Steven F. Son, Michelle Pantoya
Melt Dispersion Mechanism For Fast Reaction Of Nanothermites, Valery I. Levitas, Blaine W. Asay, Steven F. Son, Michelle Pantoya
Valery I. Levitas
An unexpected mechanism for fast oxidation of Alnanoparticles covered by a thin oxide shell (OS) is proposed. The volume change due to melting of Al induces pressures of 0.1–4GPa and causes spallation of the OS. A subsequent unloading wave creates high tensile pressures resulting in dispersion of liquid Al clusters, oxidation of which is not limited by diffusion (in contrast to traditional mechanisms). Physical parameters controlling this process are determined. Methods to promote this melt dispersion mechanism, and consequently, improve efficiency of energetic nanothermites are discussed.
Thermal Effects On Domain Orientation Of Tetragonal Piezoelectrics Studied By In Situ X-Ray Diffraction, Wonyoung Chang, Alexander H. King, Keith J. Bowman
Thermal Effects On Domain Orientation Of Tetragonal Piezoelectrics Studied By In Situ X-Ray Diffraction, Wonyoung Chang, Alexander H. King, Keith J. Bowman
Alexander H. King
Thermal effects on domain orientation in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead titanate (PT) have been investigated by using in situ x-ray diffraction with an area detector. In the case of a soft PZT, it is found that the texture parameter called multiples of a random distribution (MRD) initially increases with temperature up to approximately 100 °C and then falls to unity at temperatures approaching the Curie temperature, whereas the MRD of hard PZT and PT initially undergoes a smaller increase or no change. The relationship between the mechanical strain energy and domain wall mobility with temperature is discussed.
Recycling Krylov Subspaces For Sequences Of Linear Systems, Michael L. Parks, Eric De Sturler, Greg Mackey, Duane D. Johnson, Spandan Maiti
Recycling Krylov Subspaces For Sequences Of Linear Systems, Michael L. Parks, Eric De Sturler, Greg Mackey, Duane D. Johnson, Spandan Maiti
Duane D. Johnson
Many problems in science and engineering require the solution of a long sequence of slowly changing linear systems. We propose and analyze two methods that significantly reduce the total number of matrix‐vector products required to solve all systems. We consider the general case where both the matrix and right‐hand side change, and we make no assumptions regarding the change in the right‐hand sides. Furthermore, we consider general nonsingular matrices, and we do not assume that all matrices are pairwise close or that the sequence of matrices converges to a particular matrix. Our methods work well under these general assumptions, and …
Solid-Solid Phase Transformation Via Internal Stress-Induced Virtual Melting, Significantly Below The Melting Temperature. Application To Hmx Energetic Crystal, Valery I. Levitas, Bryan F. Henson, Laura B. Smilowitz, Blaine W. Asay
Solid-Solid Phase Transformation Via Internal Stress-Induced Virtual Melting, Significantly Below The Melting Temperature. Application To Hmx Energetic Crystal, Valery I. Levitas, Bryan F. Henson, Laura B. Smilowitz, Blaine W. Asay
Valery I. Levitas
We theoretically predict a new phenomenon, namely, that a solid−solid phase transformation (PT) with a large transformation strain can occur via internal stress-induced virtual melting along the interface at temperatures significantly (more than 100 K) below the melting temperature. We show that the energy of elastic stresses, induced by transformation strain, increases the driving force for melting and reduces the melting temperature. Immediately after melting, stresses relax and the unstable melt solidifies. Fast solidification in a thin layer leads to nanoscale cracking which does not affect the thermodynamics or kinetics of the solid−solid transformation. Thus, virtual melting represents a new …
Solute/Defect-Mediated Pathway For Rapid Nanoprecipitation In Solid Solutions: Γ Surface Analysis In Fcc Al-Ag, Daniel Finkenstadt, Duane D. Johnson
Solute/Defect-Mediated Pathway For Rapid Nanoprecipitation In Solid Solutions: Γ Surface Analysis In Fcc Al-Ag, Daniel Finkenstadt, Duane D. Johnson
Duane D. Johnson
In face-centered-cubic (fcc) Al, stacking fault energy (SFE) is high at ca. 150mJ/m2, inhibiting stacking fault (SF) formation and dislocation motion. Yet Ag-rich hcp precipitates form rapidly in Al-rich fcc Al-Ag, even as the energy difference ΔEhcp−fcc between hcp and fcc homogeneous solid solution increases with Ag content. Using electronic density functional theory methods, we calculate the SFE γSF versus distance of Ag (111) planes from intrinsic (isf), extrinsic (esf) and twin (tsf) SFs. We find that an inhomogeneous distribution of Ag solute segregated in layers adjacent to SFs leads to favorable SFE, a manifestation of the well-known Suzuki effect. …
Generalized Planar Fault Energies And Twinning In Cu–Al Alloys, S. Kibey, J. B. Liu, Duane D. Johnson, H. Sehitoglu
Generalized Planar Fault Energies And Twinning In Cu–Al Alloys, S. Kibey, J. B. Liu, Duane D. Johnson, H. Sehitoglu
Duane D. Johnson
We report ab initio density functional theory calculations of generalized planar fault energies of fcc Cu–xAl (x=0, 5.0, and 8.3at.%) alloys. We investigate the effects of substitutional solute Al on the unstable intrinsic γus and twin γutstacking faultenergies (SFEs). Our results reveal an increased tendency of Cu–Al to deform preferentially by twinning with increasing Al content, consistent with experiment. We attribute this mechanical behavior to appreciable lowering of the twinning barrier γut, along with the stable intrinsic and twin SFEs.
Identification Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Mixed Cultures By Ftir Spectroscopy, Chenxu Yu, Joseph Irudayaraj
Identification Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Mixed Cultures By Ftir Spectroscopy, Chenxu Yu, Joseph Irudayaraj
Chenxu Yu
Routine identification of pathogenic microorganisms predominantly based on nutritional and biochemical tests is a time-consuming process. In this study, a method based on FTIR spectroscopy was developed to detect and identify the presence of five possible pathogenic bacteria in ten different microorganism mixtures with each cocktail containing up to three different species at a concentration of 109 CFU/mL. A mathematical approach based on factoring out the common features in the spectral fingerprints was developed and implemented in conjunction with discriminant analysis. FTIR spectra of the mixtures were directly obtained and analyzed using canonical variate analysis based on the discriminant model …
Methodology To Determine Soluble Content In Dry Grind Ethanol Coproduct Streams, Vykundeshwari Ganesan, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Methodology To Determine Soluble Content In Dry Grind Ethanol Coproduct Streams, Vykundeshwari Ganesan, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Distillers grains and syrup are coproducts from fuel ethanol dry grind processing. Ethanol manufacturing is dramatically increasing in the United States, primarily in Midwestern states, and thus the availability of these feed products is also growing. Confusion currently exists in industrial nomenclature regarding "solubles" in these streams because no standards are in place. In our study, dissolved materials were considered soluble matter. We developed a methodology to determine the dry basis soluble content in condensed distillers solubles (CDS) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A mass balance analytical approach was initially used, but results were not in good agreement …
Some Physical Properties Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs), Kurt A. Rosentrater
Some Physical Properties Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs), Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
With the rapid growth in the fuel ethanol industry in recent years, considerable research is being devoted to determining distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) nutritional properties and to optimizing their inclusion in livestock diets; physical properties of these materials, however, have been largely ignored. Using standard laboratory methods, several physical properties for typical DDGS streams were determined, including moisture content, water activity, thermal properties (conductivity, resistivity, and diffusivity), bulk density, angle of repose, and color. The DDGS samples in this study were golden-brown in color and exhibited physical properties similar to other dry feed ingredients, such as hominy feed, …
A Review Of Corn Masa Processing Residues: Generation, Properties, And Potential Utilization, Kurt A. Rosentrater
A Review Of Corn Masa Processing Residues: Generation, Properties, And Potential Utilization, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
The production of corn masa-based products in the US has been increasing over the last several years, and as a result, so has the quantity of waste materials being generated from this industry. Although currently landfilled, these byproduct streams may have potential for value-added processing and utilization, which are options that simultaneously hold the promise of increased economic benefit for masa processors as well as decreased potential pollution for the environment. Fundamental to any byproduct development effort is knowledge of the characteristics of the residue stream, because physical and chemical properties are vital for the proper design of subsequent processing …
Quantitative Measurement Of The Brã¶Nsted Acid Sites In Solid Acids: Toward A Single-Site Design Of Mo-Modified Zsm-5 Zeolite, Jean-Philippe Tessonnier, Benoit Louis, Stephane Walspurger, Jean Sommer, Marc-Jacques Ledoux, Cuong Pham-Huu
Quantitative Measurement Of The Brã¶Nsted Acid Sites In Solid Acids: Toward A Single-Site Design Of Mo-Modified Zsm-5 Zeolite, Jean-Philippe Tessonnier, Benoit Louis, Stephane Walspurger, Jean Sommer, Marc-Jacques Ledoux, Cuong Pham-Huu
Jean-Philippe Tessonnier
On the basis of our previous H/D exchange studies devoted to the quantification of the number of Bro¨nsted acid sites in solid acids, we report here an innovative approach to determine both the amount and the localization of Mo atoms inside the Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst, commonly used for the methane dehydroaromatization reaction. The influence of Mo introduction in the MFI framework was studied by means of BET, X-ray diffraction, 27Al magic angle spinning NMR, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and H/D isotopic exchange techniques. A dependence was found between the decrease of acidic OH groups and the Mo content. Depending on the Si/Al …
Characteristics Of North American Meat And Bone Meal Relevant To The Development Of Non-Feed Applications, Rafael A. Garcia, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Rolando A. Flores
Characteristics Of North American Meat And Bone Meal Relevant To The Development Of Non-Feed Applications, Rafael A. Garcia, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Rolando A. Flores
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Unmarketable animal tissues are typically processed by rendering plants, which transform them into meat and bone meal (MBM) or similar products. MBM's traditional use as animal feed has become increasingly threatened, but MBM has potential for non-feed applications. Development of new products and processes is hindered by lack of reliable data on many of MBM's chemical and physical properties. MBM samples, as well as data on raw material and process, were collected from 19 rendering facilities in the United States and Canada. A large majority of the raw material was tissue from cattle, swine, and poultry. All facilities surveyed practiced …
Renewable Energy Alternatives—A Growing Opportunity For Engineering And Technology Education, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Renewable Energy Alternatives—A Growing Opportunity For Engineering And Technology Education, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
A hallmark of the United States’ economic growth is an ever-increasing demand for energy, which has traditionally been met primarily by combusting the hydrocarbons found in fossil fuels. As national security and environmental concerns grow, renewable energy resources are gaining increased attention. Unfortunately, there is currently a dearth of renewable energy coverage in engineering and technology curricula. The objectives of this paper are to examine historical energy data for both traditional as well as alternative energy sources, and to motivate educators to address this gap. Even with the progressive developments of non-traditional energy sources over the years, the U.S. still …
Expanding The Role Of Systems Modeling: Considering Byproduct Generation From Biofuel Production, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Expanding The Role Of Systems Modeling: Considering Byproduct Generation From Biofuel Production, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
The bioethanol industry has been experiencing rapid growth over the past several years, and is expected to continue to increase production for the foreseeable future. A vital component to the success of this industry is the sales and marketing of processing residues, which are primarily sold as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Systems modeling, a technique that has been used to predict future demand for bioethanol, can also be used to determine potential byproduct generation rates. This paper discusses the development of one such model, and presents predicted generation of DDGS as well as carbon dioxide emissions from this …