Engineering Commons^™

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Ściekowych W Piecu Półkowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents incineration tests of silty-tar sludge produced in the wastewater treatment plant for coke industry. Sewage sludges were incinerated in a full-scale multiple hearth incinerator equipped with a wet flue-gas cleaning system (alkaline scrubber). Measurements of air pollutant emissions were carried out both before and after the cleaning system. The obtained results allow to conclude that the thermal utilization of sewage sludge in this type of installation might be just a little cumbersome for the environment, using the appropriate equipment for the purification of exhaust gases. The paper also specifies minimum exhaust gas cleaning performance that guarantees compliance …

Wdrażanie Monitoringu Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Atmosferycznego W Kielcach, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

Assumptions for regional environmental monitoring in the province of Kielce were developed as early as 1992. Since the beginning of particular attention were monitoring the air. The article presents the next step in the implementation of this monitoring, associated with verification of the location and the measuring range of points to measure the concentrations of air pollutants in Kielce. As a result of analysis and calculations, it was found that the original location is not always correct and does not reflect the spatial differentiation of pollutant concentrations. The proposed changes in the position of monitoring points or measurement methods were …

Zastosowanie Metody Obliczeniowo-Pomiarowej Do Oceny Stanu Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza W Nowym Sączu, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Assessment of the state of air pollution in the urban area is a difficult and complex task. Depending on the method of assessment the procedure requires a comprehensive research and calculations of air emissions from all sources occurring in the area and the use of atmospheric dispersion models or large-scale implementation of direct measurements of air pollutant concentrations. Both of these methods may also be applied simultaneously to their mutual verification.

The article presents the results of such a comprehensive assessment of air pollution on the example of the city of Nowy Sacz (Poland). This involved determining the emissions of …

Obliczanie Emisji Par Węglowodorów Z Przemysłu Rafineryjnego, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The negative effects of the refining industry for ambient air quality is mainly related to emissions of hydrocarbon vapors. Calculation methodology and estimates, the level of emissions from several years has been the research subject of many institutions and environmental agencies, including The Oil Companies’ European association for health, safety and environment in refining and distribution (CONCAWE) and American Petroleum Institute (API).

The article describes the main sources of emissions of hydrocarbons occurring in a typical refinery. In summary form also shows how to calculate the volume of a mixture of hydrocarbons emissions from these sources based on empirically validated …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Przemysłowych W Piecu Obrotowym, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of selected pollutants in the flue gases from the incineration of industrial wastes in a full-scale rotary kiln. The study included three waste mixtures introduced into the kiln: 1) coal tar waste (tar origin of coke); 1) waste paints, varnish and lubricant; 3) resin and rubber waste. The article also assesses the effectiveness of the existing wet flue gas cleaning system (alkaline scrubber) and specifies minimum exhaust gas purifying performance guarantees compliance with European emission standards for waste incineration.

English title: Pollutant emissions from incineration of industrial waste in a …

Emisja Związków Siarki Z Procesu Wielkopiecowego, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper describes the problem of the presence of sulfur in the blast furnace process and identifies emission sources of sulfur compounds in this process. On the basis of the measurements and calculations, the types and quantities of these compounds emitted to the air were determined. It was found that pig iron smelting in a blast furnace causes emissions of COS, SO2 and H2S. These emissions occur by losses of blast furnace gas (COS and SO2), transport of blast furnace slag inside the furnace hall (SO2) and treatment of the slag by granulation (H2S). However, the most important are only …

Wpływ Komponentów Alkalicznych W Procesach Spiekania I Wielkopiecowym Na Technologię I Emisję Zanieczyszczeń, Marian Mazur, Ryszard Benesch, Andrzej Łędzki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the impact of alkali metals on sintering and blast furnace processes and air pollutant emissions including particulate matter. On the basis of the balance calculations, it was found that the main source of alkali (Na2O and K2O) in the sintering process is a raw mixture unweathered. The calculations showed that the level of dust emissions from the sinter strand to a large extent depends on: the total alkali content in a mixture of sinter, ash content in coke breeze, K2O concentration in coke ash and alkalinity of the produced sinter. Alkali metals are introduced into the blast …

Monitoring Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza Wokół Elektrowni "Jaworzno Iii", Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Ryszard Kozakiewicz

Robert Oleniacz

The article presents the concept of system of monitoring of air pollution around the Power Plant "Jaworzno III" in Jaworzno (Poland), whose objective is to evaluate the impact of this object on air quality. This system is based on a few measuring points and a mobile station should also allow for the assessment of ecological effects associated with the use of low-emission burners in power boilers (reduction of NOx emission) and run the wet installation of flue gas desulfurization (reduction of SO2 emission). An additional aim of the measurements is to identify the possible effects of a changes in the …

Snow Pack Temperature Sensor, M. Shamshi, Raman Attri, V. Sharma

Raman K. Attri

The study of snow hydrological characteristics plays the major part in forecast of snow-melt, snow run-off water of rivers, potential release of snow avalan'che and climatic changes. Increasing importance of study of snow hydrology has lead to the development of many snow sensors which monitors physical parameter of snow. Design of such snow sensors has been a difficult job because of harsh environmental conditions. This paper present the design considerations and performance characteristics of snowpack temperature profile sensing probe. This probe provides temperature gradient and temperature distributions within the snow-pack, and ground at different depths. The information on temperature distribution …

Kompleksowa Ocena Jakości Powietrza W Nowym Sączu Przy Pomocy Metody Obliczeniowo-Pomiarowej, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of air pollution in the city of Nowy Sącz (Poland). This involved determining the emissions of selected pollutants from various sources with their percentages of the total emission and immission on the area under consideration. As a result of measurement of concentrations of particulate matter and benzo(a)pyrene in several parts of the city were verified results of theoretical calculations and determined the size of the inflow of pollutants from outside the area in question.

English title: A comprehensive assessment of air quality in Nowy Sącz using computational and measuring methods.

Prognozowanie Wpływu Motoryzacji Na Poziom Stężenia Ozonu W Przyziemnej Warstwie Atmosfery, Marek Bogacki, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents an approach for assessing the impact of road transport on the level of ozone concentrations in the ground layer of the atmosphere. The developed method consists in emission inventory on the analyzed area for road transport and calculations using the model of chemical reactions in the troposphere.

Using this method it is possible to display waveforms daily ozone concentrations in the air, and evaluate the effectiveness of the decisions related to the prevention of occurrence of photochemical smog in urban and industrial agglomerations.

English title: Predicting the impact of motoring on the level of ozone concentration in …

Emisja Chlorowodoru I Związków Fluoru Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of the concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and fluoride compounds (as HF) in raw and purified combustion gases discharged from the incineration of selected hazardous wastes. The study included two installations operating on an industrial scale: a multiple hearth furnace and a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with a single wet flue gas cleaning systems. In the multiple hearth furnace was being incinerated sludge from coke industry. In the rotary kiln were being incinerated coal (coke) tars, contaminated cleaning rags, sawdust, used gloves, outdated pharmaceuticals and medicines, hospital waste, waste paints, varnish and lubricant, …

Termiczna Utylizacja Odpadów W Spalarni "Lobbe" W Dąbrowie Górniczej – Problemy Emisji Zanieczyszczeń, Marian Mazur, Ryszard Januszek, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents selected results of comprehensive studies of air quality impact assessment carried out for the „LOBBE” incineration plant in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland) in 1995. It focused mainly on air emissions problems. Stack concentrations and emissions of selected air pollutants formed during thermal treatment processes of different kinds of waste materials and incinerators is performed. The study covered both sludge and slime incinerated in a multiple hearth furnace and four example groups of waste materials incinerated in a rotary furnace. The research have helped confirm the levels of air emissions as a function of the type of incinerated waste …

Zanieczyszczenie Powietrza Kotliny Sądeckiej Przez Przemysł Elektrodowy, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The article evaluates the impact of electrode industry (production of carbon and graphite electrodes in the plant Polgraph SA) on air quality in the Kotlina Sądecka valley and the city Nowy Sącz (Poland). The work presents completed so far environmental investments and the level of emissions of selected air pollutants characteristic of the analyzed facility, including PAHs emissions. Based on the modeling of the dispersion of pollutants in ambient air was determined the levels of pollutant concentrations in the air and location of most affected areas. The calculation results were compared with the results of direct measurements. Particular attention was …

Effects Of Local Non-Equilibrium Solute Diffusion On Rapid Solidification Of Alloys, Sergey Sobolev

Sergey Sobolev

A conceptual foundation for the study of local non-equilibrium solute diffusion under rapid solidifica- tion conditions is proposed. The model takes into account the relaxation to local equilibrium of the solute flux and incorporates two diffusion speeds, VDb, the bulk liquid diffusion speed, and VDi, the interface diffusive speed, as the most important parameters governing the solute concentration in the liquid phase and solute partitioning. The analysis of the model predicts complete solute trapping and the transition to a purely thermally controlled solidification, which occur abruptly when the interface velocity V equals the bulk liquid diffusion speed VDb. The abrupt …

The Local-Nonequilibrium Temperature Field Around The Melting And Crystallization Front Induced By Picosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation, Sergey Sobolev

Sergey Sobolev

The local-nonequilibrium model for heat transport around melting and crystallization zone induced by ultrafast laser irradiation is considered. The model predicts strong overheating during melting of the material near the interface. Moreover, the local-nonequilibrium effects lead to an interface temperature gradient steeper than expected from the classical heat flow calculations. Possible modification of the kinetics of melting to include the relaxation effects is also discussed.

Xrd, Xps And Sims Investigations On Electrodeposited Nickel-Phosphorous Alloy Coatings

A.S. Md Abdul Haseeb

Structural and chemical investigations on electrodeposited nickel-phosphorous alloy coatings by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) are described. Electrodeposition of nickel-phosphorous coatings has been carried out galvanostatically in a hypophosphite bath at two different current densities, namely 20 and 80 mA cm -2. XRD has shown a broad peak indicating an amorphous structure in both cases. XPS shows the presence of Ni 2P compound. XPS also reveals the amount of phosphorous in both coatings to be around 10.20 wt.%. SIMS has shown that the coating deposited at lower current density (20 mA cm …

Studies Of Multitubular Reactors With Internal Heat Recovery. Experiments With So2 Oxidation, Krzysztof Gosiewski, Ryszard Sztaba, Marek Moszczynski

Krzysztof Gosiewski

The paper presents results of investigations of a multitubular reactor with internal heat recuperation. The results obtained were similar to those occuring in the reverse-flow reactors.

Lai - Introduction To Continuum Mechanics ترجمه فارسي کتاب مکانيک محيط پيوسته ويرايش سوم, Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

Dr Alireza Zolfaghari

No abstract provided.

An O(N) Algorithm For Stokes And Laplace Interactions Of Particles, Ashok S. Sangani, Guobiao Mo

Ashok S. Sangani

A method for computing Laplace and Stokes interactions among N spherical particles arbitrarily placed in a unit cell of a periodic array is described. The method is based on an algorithm by Greengard and Rokhlin [J. Comput. Phys. 73, 325 (1987)] for rapidly summing the Laplace interactions among particles by organizing the particles into a number of different groups of varying sizes. The far-field induced by each group of particles is expressed by a multipole expansion technique into an equivalent field with its singularities at the center of the group. The resulting computational effort increases only linearly with N. The …

An Application Of Plausible Reasoning To Information Retrieval, Farhad Oroumchian, Robert N. Oddy

Robert Oddy

This work explores the use of plausible inferences as a means of retrieving relevant documents. Collins and Michalski’s theory of plausible reasoning has been modified to accommodate information retrieval. Methods are proposed to represent document contents by logical terms and statements, and queries by incomplete logical statements. Extensions to plausible inferences are discussed. Two versions of the extended plausible reasoning system were implemented, one using dominance weights (described in the paper) and the other using tf. Idf (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) weights. Experiments were conducted using the titles and abstracts of the CACM collection and it was found that …

Simple Shear Flows Of Dense Gas-Solid Suspensions At Finite Stokes Numbers, Ashok S. Sangani, Guobiao Mo, Heng-Kwong Tsao, Donald L. Koch

Ashok S. Sangani

We examine the problem of determining the particle-phase velocity variance and rhe-ology of sheared gas-solid suspensions at small Reynolds numbers and finite Stokes numbers. Our numerical simulations take into account the Stokes flow interactions among particles except for pairs of particles with a minimum gap width comparable to or smaller than the mean free path of the gas molecules for which the usual lubrication approximation breaks down and particle collisions occur in a finite time. The simulation results are compared to the predictions of two theories. The first is an asymptotic theory for large Stokes number St and nearly elastic …

Reconfigurable Intelligent Optical Backplane For Parallel Computing And Communications, Ted H. Szymanski, Harvard Scott Hinton

H. Scott Hinton

A reconfigurable intelligent optical backplane architecture for parallel computing and communications is described. The backplane consists of a large number of reconfigurable optical channels organized in a ring with relatively simple point-to-point optical interconnections between neighboring smart-pixel arrays. The intelligent backplane can implement (l) dynamically reconfigurable connections between any printed circuit boards, (2) dynamic embeddings of classical interconnection networks such as buses, rings, multidimensional meshes, hypercubes, shuffles, and crossbars, (3) multipoint switching, (4) sorting, (5) parallel-prefix operations, (6) pattern-matching operations, (7) snoopy caches and intelligent memory systems, and (8) media-access control functions. The smart-pixel arrays can be enhanced to include …