Engineering Commons^™

Determination Of Trace Quantities Of Selenium And Arsenic In Canned Tuna Fish Using Electroanalytical Techniques, Ann Marie Higham

Theses

Toxic metals are present in the environment and are known to be present in food. Selenium, which is considered an essential micronutrient, is recognized as a toxic metal at slightly higher concentrations. Arsenic is also recognized as a toxic metal. Selenium and Arsenic tend to accumulate in food, specifically fish and seafood.

Fifteen brands and types of tuna fish were analyzed for selenium using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry. The cans with the high and low concentrations of selenium were analyzed for arsenic using differential pulse polarography. Three samples with three percent recoveries and a blank were analyzed for each …

Kinetic Rate Constants For The Formation Of Trihalomethanes In Chlorinated Ammonia Containing Ground Water, Lee S. Casey

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is well established that trihalomethanes, in drinking water are byproducts of chlorine disinfection. A method to predict the distribution and concentration of trihalornethanes is important because of health risks associated with chronic exposure to these compounds. A literature review has provided information on the chemistry of water chlorination and a data base developed in the laboratory has provided data on trihalomethane formation under various conditions. These data were used to generate rate constants for the formation of trihalomethanes.

Trihalornethane formation kinetics appeared to be influenced primarily by the presence of ammonia. The influence of pH is not as profound …

Materials Characterization And Economic Considerations Of Cold-Mix Recycled Asphalt Pavements, Luis Humberto Castedo-Franco

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

Recycling of asphalt pavements has become a common rehabilitation and maintenance process since the mid 1970s. The state of the art of designing and constructing pavements composed of recycled materials has now advanced to a point where recycling is considered as an alternative to conventional procedures for most paving projects. An in-depth evaluation of cold-mix recycling techniques was undertaken and the findings are presented in this report. The variability of the existing materials found in city streets and county roads throughout the State of Indiana was evaluated by means of laboratory test procedures. The data obtained from these experiments were …

Irish H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Interactive Modification Of Quadratic Multiobjective Water Resources Planning Strategies, Paul J. Killian, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

An interactive method is presented for modifying a mtltiobjective water resources planning strategy by changing constraining conditions on regional objectives and local variables. The method is illustrated by modifying a conjunctive use. sustained groundwater withdrawal strategy for minimizing the cost of meeting regional water demand on the Arkansas Grand Prairie. The strategy was developed using a model in which the finite difference form of the two-dimensional groundwater flow equation is embedded in an optimization process. The quadratic optimization is accomplished by utilizing the General Differential Algorithm to obtain values of drawdown. pumping. and recharge in each finite difference cell. Results …

Estimation Of Equivalent Axleloads, John A. Deacon, Jerry G. Pigman, Jesse G. Mayes

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The primary objective of this research study was to develop a procedure for estimating equivalent axle loads for purposes of flexible-pavement design. Maximum use was made of historical data and well-accepted procedures were used in developing the prediction model. A series of computer programs was developed to summarize truck-weight and classification data such that traffic characteristics could be estimated from a matrix of data classified by geographic area, Federal highway system, volume, and extent of coal haulage. An equation was developed with the following seven parameters as independent variables; 1) annual average daily traffic volume, 2) average fraction of trucks …

The Feasibility Of Draglines For Mine Reclamation, Mark Anderson

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Draglines are presented in this paper as an alternative for mine reclamation in steep sloping areas. Some abandoned mines in steep sloping areas of Kentucky have unreclaimed slopes which pose safety problems, as well as environmental and aesthetic problems. In addition, many active mines in steep sloping areas of Kentucky have slopes which must be reclaimed in the near future. Current methods of slope reclamation in Kentucky typically involve traditional heavy equipment. The current methods are not cost efficient in some cases, and are not safe in some applications.

The paper includes a history of draglines. Early development is summarized, …

A Computerized Analysis Of Flexible Pavement Rutting Behavior (Pavrut), David L. Allen, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The behavior of asphalt-bound layers, unbound aggregate bases, and foundation soils (subgrades) may be affected by such variables as gradation, asphalt and (or) moisture contents, type of aggregate, density, method of compaction, temperature, magnitude and frequency of loading, duration of each load cycle, and other less significant variables. The complex interaction of all these variables yields a composite behavior for a particular pavement structure that could become manifest in some form of distress or even complete "failure."

Flexible pavements are susceptible to rutting. But it is not well known where and to what extent rutting takes place within a pavement …

Effective Energy Conservation And Management In The Building Sector : The Answer To The Energy Predicament, Jorge C. Cano

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Modern civilization has developed principally through man's harnessing of forces. For centuries man had to rely on wind, water and animal force as principal sources of power. The advent of the industrial revolution, electrification and the development of new technologies led to the application of wood, coal, gas, petroleum, and uranium to fuel new industries, produce goods and means of transportation, and generate the electrical energy which has become such an integral part of our lives.

The geometric growth in energy consumption, coupled with the world's unrestricted growth in population, has caused a disproportionate use of these limited natural resources. …

Evaluation Of Stone Column Stabilized Embankment Foundation, Bobby W. Meade, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to document construction procedures, monitor field performance, and make recommendations concerning the effectiveness and future use of a foundation improvement procedure using stone columns for stabilization. This effort was executed by use of field inspections and photographs, instrumentation to monitor foundation and field responses and laboratory analyses of existing and possible conditions.

Instrumentation included earth pressure meters, a multipoint settlement gage, a horizontal slope inclinometer, a settlement platform and vertical slope inclinometers. Settlement of the foundation after column construction was found to be approximately 8 inches as compared to a predicted total settlement of …

Jefferson Freeway Investigation (Westbound Lanes), Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Theodore Hopwood Ii, James H. Havens, Mark Anderson, David Q. Hunsucker, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP) was retained to perform an investigation for the Kentucky Department of Highways to assess damage that may be attributed to passage of the Model 992C over portions of the Jefferson Freeway. KTRP investigators conducted visual surveys, performed Road Rater deflection tests, did in-place California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testing on subgrade materials, obtained pavement cores, and conducted laboratory tests and analyses.

It appeared the pavement was damaged by the front-end loader. No evidence of damage to the bridges attributable to the front-end loader was detected. Damage to the pavement attributable to passage of the front-end …

Suggested Changes To Kentucky Statutes (Vehicle Weights And Dimensions), Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes of this report are: 1. To clearly define the terms ''tandem," "tridem," and “triaxle." 2. To clearly define the term "600 pounds per inch width of tire" as the "width of the tread in contact with the pavement." 3. To make the axle load limits the same throughout the statutes. 4. To suggest elimination of indentified discriminatory legislation. 5. To recommend additional legislation: a. to clearly define the purpose and use of "air-bag" suspension systems -- those that can be raised or lowered by the driver, and b. to enable vehicle weight enforcement officers to use shipping documents …

Irish H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of The States On Problems Related To Bridge Approaches, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A questionnaire was sent to the states concerning problems with bridge approaches. Seven questions were included in the survey, including questions on the use of integral end bents and spread footers. This report summarizes the responses. Appendix A contains the detailed responses received, and Appendix B contains specifications and standard drawings used by some of the states.

Impact Evaluation Of The Traffic Alcohol Program In Lexington, Kentucky, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report is an evaluation of increased police enforcement to reduce alcohol-related accidents in Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky. Three types of data were coIlected as a means of evaluating the Traffic Alcohol Program; accident data, arrest and adjudication data, and cost-effectiveness data.

Results from before-and-after comparisons and time-series analysis show alcohol related accidents decreased significantly during the study period. When comparing two years before with three years during the increased enforcement, the percent reduction in alcohol-related accidents was 28.1 percent using standard before and after analysis and 29.1 percent using time-series analysis. During the same time period, alcohol related fatal or …

A Study Of Parameters Indicating Microbial Activity In Mixed Aerobic Cultures, William Smith

Theses

Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and general dehydrogenase activity, as expressed by the reduction of the electron-acceptor Dye 3-(4',5'-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 4-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT), were compared for their ability to measure microbial activity in mixed aerobic cultures. A fourth parameter, specific enzyme activity, was dropped from consideration because of the difficulty of developing a satisfactory experimental technique. Measurement of the parameters was applied to the biodegradation of phenol and o-chlorophenol by activated sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant, and by two commercially available bacterial preparations.

MLSS, although the most commonly used of the three parameters tested, is …

Vibration Coupling In Continuous Belt And Band Systems, C. D. Mote, W-Z Ben Wu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Small transverse oscillation of an endless band supported by wheels couples the response of the free spans of the band to oscillation of the wheels. The coupling arises from the finite curvature of the free spans of the band when its bending stiffness is finite. Significant modeling error can occur if a single span of the band is modeled as a simply supported, axially moving beam. The coupling provides an opportunity to dissipate vibration energy. Experiments and finite element analyses support the coupling discussion presented. © 1985 Academic Press Inc.

Load And Resistance Factor Design Of Cold Formed Steel Comparative Study Of Design Methods For Cold Formed Steel, Lan-Cheng Pan, Wei-Wen Yu, Brian K. Snyder

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Allowable Stress Design is the current method used to design cold-formed steel structural members and connections. In this design approach, factors of safety are used to compute the allowable design stresses which are compared to the actual maximum stresses that will occur in the member during the life of the structure. In recent years, the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method has been developed for the design of hot-rolled steel shapes and the design of cold-formed steel structural members. This method is based on probabilistic and statistical techniques to account for the many uncertainties involved with the actual design. …

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels - Results And Evaluation Of Stub Column Tests For Unstiffened Curved Elements, Wei-Wen Yu, M. Brad Parks

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

I. INTRODUCTION A. GENERAL In the past few years, a dramatic increase in the use of high strength sheet steels in automobiles has been brought about by the demand for improved fuel economy and safety of motor vehicles. Many of the automotive structural components, which are made of high strength sheet. steels, consists either partially or totally of curved elements. Therefore, it was decided to include an investigation into the structural behavior of curved elements as a part of a research project entitled, "Structural Design of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels." The research project began in early …

Load And Resistance Factor Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Revised Tentative Recommendations - Load And Resistance Factor Design Criteria For Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members With Commentary, Wei-Wen Yu, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

The "Allowable Stress Design Method" has long been used for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. The "Load and Resistance Factor Design Method" has recently been developed from a research project sponsored by American Iron and Steel Institute. In this method, separate load and resistance factors are applied to specified loads and nominal resistance to ensure that the probability of reaching a limit state is acceptably small. These factors reflect. the uncertainties of analysis, design, loading, material properties and fabrication. They are derived on the basis of the first order probabilistic methodology as used for the development of the …

Evaluation Of Construction Zone Pavement Marking Materials, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this report were to evaluate all available foil-back and removable tapes as well as construction zone raised pavement markers and to recommend materials that should be included on approved lists for use by the Kentucky Department of Highways. The tapes were placed on transverse test sections and as lane lines and the reflectivity, durability, and appearance were observed. The markers were observed at test sections as well as at construction sites.

Lists of tapes to be included on the approved lists for foil-back and removable tapes were recommended. Tapes manufactured by 3M and Flex-0-Lite were included on …

Future Quaternary Groundwater Accessibility In The Grand Prairie ‑ 1993, Richard C. Peralta, Amin Yazdanian, Paul J. Killian, Robert N. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

1985 Safety Belt And Child Safety Seat Usage Rates In Kentucky And Evaluation Of A Public Information Campaign, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Two objectives of the survey are summarized in this report. One was to establish 1985 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky and compare those to 1982, 1983, and 1984 rates. The other was to evaluate the effectiveness of public information campaigns as a means of increasing safety belt and safety seat usage rates.

Statewide usage rates in the 19 cities previously surveyed in 1982, 1983, and 1984 indicated that driver safety belt usage had increased to 9.2 percent in 1985 while the child safety seat and belt usage rate of 29.1 percent remained at the 1984 …

Latex-Concrete Overlays On Bridge Decks (I64, Mp 150 To West Virginia Line), James H. Havens, Theodore Hopwood Ii

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Visual field inspections and soundings were performed on latex concrete overlays on 24 bridges on I 64 between Milepoint 150 and the West Virginia state line. The inspections were conducted in response to a request from the Kentucky Department of Highways to determine if cracking problems in the overlays were related to workmanship or materials.

The field inspections revealed that most of the overlay crack problems were related to 1) reflection cracking caused by pre-existing fractures in underlying concrete bridge decks and 2) “pull-in” cracks in the overlay, caused by belated tyning of the bridge deck.

Field diaries, inspection reports, …

Traffic Trends And Their Relationship To Highway-Use Revenues, Jerry G. Pigman, Manouchehr Vaziri

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

With increasing concerns about the present level of highway funding, this study was initiated to investigate historical trends and to develop predictive methodologies for considering alternatives available for increasing highway revenues. Emphasis was placed on historical trends, and a data base of highway-related and socio-economic variables were prepared to document the relationship between these variables and highway-user revenues. A historical file of 37 variables was prepared for the period 1964 through 1984.

As a means of investigating future alternatives that will affect highway-user revenues, a series of nine equations or models were developed that represented historical data. Input data necessary …

Demonstration And Preliminary Evaluation Of The Acoustic Emission Weld Monitor, Theodore Hopwood Ii, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the demonstration and preliminary evaluation of the microprocessor-based acoustic emission weld monitor (AEWM) developed for the Federal Highway Administration by GARD Inc. of Niles, IL. The equipment was tested successfully on butt welds in several fabrication shops by the Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP). Some problems were encountered in monitoring fillet welds.

The AEWM was demonstrated to personnel from 20 state agencies representing FHWA Regions 1, 3, 4, and 5. The demonstrations were performed at three different fabrication shops in Pennsylvania, Georgia, and Wisconsin.

A preliminary evaluation of the AEWM is included. Also, the summary of a …

Guidelines For The Use Of Protected/Permissive Left-Turn Phasing, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to develop guidelines that may be used to aid the traffic engineer in deciding whether protected/permissive (permissive) phasing is appropriate to use at a given location. An inventory identified 58 intersections in Kentucky where permissive phasing was used. Characteristics of these intersections were related to accident data to determine the effect permissive phasing has had on p.eft-turn and total accidents.

Left-turn accidents increased dramatically when permissive phasing replaced protected-only (exclusive) phasing and when it was used at approaches where the speed limit was over 45 mph. There were no substantial changes in left-turn and …

Irish H & V News

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

Problem Identification For Highway Safety Plan, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An annual highway safety program is proposed each year for the State of Kentucky in order to comply with Section 402, Title 23 of the United States Code. This program includes the identification, programming, budgeting, and evaluation of safety projects. This report is the sixth in a series of annual reports which have been prepared as the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan.

In the past, the approach to problem identification has been to identify problem areas in the 18 highway safety program areas (standards). While the search for problems in each of these standard areas will …

Conjunctive Use/Sustained Groundwater Yield Design, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Assuring the sustained availability of groundwater from all parts of an aquifer system is analogous to assuring that the potentiometric surface does not change over the long term. Such a steady-state surface is maintained by a specific spatially distributed pattern of groundwater withdrawal. The finite difference form of the linearized Boussinesq equation for steady two-dimensional flow through porous media is used in models that design optimal regional potentiometric surfaces and the conjunctive water use/sustained yield strategies that maintain them. Presented objectives of such models include minimization of unmet water needs. minimization of the regional cost of attempting to satisfy water …