Engineering Commons^™

Polymer Research In Austria. I: Introduction And The Facilities, Otto Vogl, Josef Schurz, Bernd Thrattnigg, Klaus Hummel, Wolfgang Daimler, Klaus Lederer

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.

Japan-U.S. Seminar On Polymer Synthesis, Otto Vogl, Hiroyuki Nishide

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Unresolved Target Tracks In Infrared Imagery, Sarah A. Rajala, Loren W. Nolte, James V. Aanstoos

Sarah A. Rajala

Two methods for detecting dim, unresolved target tracks in infrared imagery are presented. Detecting such targets in a sequence of noisy images is very challenging from the standpoint of algorithm design as well as detection performance evaluation. Since the signal-to-noise ratio per pixel is very low (a dim target) and the target is unresolved (of spatial extent less than a pixel), one must rely on integration over target tracks which span over many image frames. In addition, since there is a large amount of uncertainty as to the pattern and location of target tracks, good algorithms must consider a large …

Swine Responses To Constant And Modified Diurnal Cyclic Temperatures, Hongwei Xin, James A. Deshazer

Hongwei Xin

Ad libitum fed and individually penned crossbred gilts (39 ± 2 kg) were exposed to a constant air temperature of 30.8*" C (CON) and equal-mean diurnal cyclic temperatures cycling from 26° to 33*^ C (RPK) and from 23.4° to 40° C (RNT). Fluorescent lighting with an intensity of 800 to 1100 L/m/m2 was provided from 0600 h to 2100 h. Measurements of feed intake, heat loss rates, water usage, growth, and ingestion behavior were made for a five-day period and replicated six times. Daily average heat loss rates, water usage, and feed conversion of the RPK and RNT pigs could …

Modeling Electroplating Rinse Systems Using Equation-Solving Software, Andrew C. Hillier, Clifford W. Walton

Andrew C. Hillier

Microcomputers are finding application in a vast array of academic and industrial settings, but are under-utilized in the electroplating industries. An often overlooked tool for computer simulation, for example, is equationsolving software. Such programs can predict the performance of a process system from basic mathematical relations without requiring the operator to have extensive knowledge of sophisticated programming and numerical solution techniques. A model of a multi-tank counter-current rinse system is described, then simulated with this software, and the results compared to actual plating facility rinse data, showing the excellent predictive qualities of this approach.

Detection Of Unresolved Target Tracks In Infrared Imagery, Sarah A. Rajala, Loren W. Nolte, James V. Aanstoos

James Aanstoos

Two methods for detecting dim, unresolved target tracks in infrared imagery are presented. Detecting such targets in a sequence of noisy images is very challenging from the standpoint of algorithm design as well as detection performance evaluation. Since the signal-to-noise ratio per pixel is very low (a dim target) and the target is unresolved (of spatial extent less than a pixel), one must rely on integration over target tracks which span over many image frames. In addition, since there is a large amount of uncertainty as to the pattern and location of target tracks, good algorithms must consider a large …

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Optimizing Food And Pharmaceutical Process Design With Relational Databases, Elizabeth C. Scheyder

Elizabeth C Scheyder

When designing a new food or pharmaceutical facility, a relational database is an effective tool for engineers. A centralized database on personal computers inexpensively provides the structure and accessibility for a great quantity of detailed information about equipment, instrumentation, and process parameters, as well as the ability to share this information between engineers and between disciplines. Benefits of such a system include improved quality through streamlined data checking, project-wide access to the latest data, automation of calculations, and the ability to substitute clerical time for professional time in compiling reports.

First-Principles Study Of Phase Stability In Cu-Zn Substitutional Alloys, P. E. A. Turchi, M. Sluiter, F. J. Pinski, Duane D. Johnson, D. M. Nicholson, G. M. Stocks, J. B. Staunton

Duane D. Johnson

A parameter-free approach to phase stability in Cu-Zn substitutional alloys is shown to describe order-disorder phenomena and structural transformations with remarkable accuracy. The method is based on a multiple-scattering description of the electronic structure properties of the random alloy. Configurational order is treated within the generalized perturbation method and the concentration-functional theory. Thermodynamical properties of α and β brasses are derived from the cluster variation method. This advanced scheme is of general validity and is expected to yield similarly accurate results for other Hume-Rothery alloys.

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Interpretation Issues In Force Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, Richard Colton, Hubert Pollock

Nancy A. Burnham

In this paper, we will discuss force microscopy (FM) and its potential for determining mechanical properties of thin films. We will introduce the basic principles of FM, and demonstrate how FM can be used to determine materials properties as well as image surface topography, both with nanonewton or sub‐nanonewton force resolution and sub‐nanometer position resolution. As FM is still a new field, not all of the questions concerning interpretation have been fully answered. We will elucidate four current issues that must be resolved before the full potential of FM can be realized. They are: (1) the role of water vapor …

Setting Time Effects On Bentonite Water-Well Annulus Seals, Fred L. Ogden

Fred L. Ogden

Shear strength tests are conducted in a model of a water well on four, commercially available, granular bentonite well sealing products. The time dependency of annulus seal shear strength and resistance to piping is examined. Dry bentonite samples are placed through water in the annular space between the casing and borehole and allowed to set for a specified time. Pressure is applied at a constant rate to one end of the clay seal until shear or piping failure occurs. Pressure and seal displacement data are recorded on a digital data acquisition system. Annulus seal strength and resistance to piping increase …

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Thermodynamic And Structural Properties Of [001] Twist Boundaries In Gold, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Srolovitz, Richard Alan Lesar

Richard Alan Lesar

We have employed the Local Harmonic (LH) model and the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) to examine the structural and thermodynamic properties of a series of twelve [001] twist boundaries in gold for temperatures between 0 K and 700 K. For the majority of the grain boundary misorientations, metastable structures were observed with grain boundary energies that were typically less than 0.1% larger than the stable structures. Four of the twelve grain boundaries underwent first order structural phase transitions as seen by the crossing of the free energy versus temperature curves for the competing structures. Relatively small cusps or inflections in …

Transport Processes And Traveling Waves In Systems With Local Nonequilibrium, Sergey Sobolev

Sergey Sobolev

No abstract provided.

Origins Of Compositional Order In Nipt Alloys, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy

Duane D. Johnson

We investigate the cause of compositional ordering in fcc Ni0.50Pt0.50 on the basis of a first-principles theory of electronic structure and finite-temperature concentration fluctuations. We treat the size effect, electronegativity, and band filling on an equal footing and find that the first of these dominates, leading to L10 ordering in agreement with experiment. An electronic origin is given for the metallurgical ‘‘rule of thumb’’ that alloys comprised of big atoms and little atoms tend to order into simple stuctures.

The Interaction Between Dislocations And Intergranular Cracks, H. Zhang, Alexander H. King, R. Thomson

Alexander H. King

The elastic interactions of dislocations and intergranular cracks in isotropic materials have been studied. In the first part of the paper, a model based on the Rice–Thomson theory is established under which the conditions for dislocation emission and crack propagation can be described in terms of an emission surface, cleavage surface, and loading line in the local k-space associated with a mixed mode intergranular crack. For a given crack, the local k-field changes with the emission of dislocations from the crack tip, which alters the balance of cleavage and emission. In the second part, we present experimental results of in …

Emp Protection Validation Testing Approaches, George H. Baker

George H Baker

Integrated, operational system-level testing is required for confidence in any system's EMP hardness. Validation is not possible by analysis or inspection. Test capabilities exist to validate the EMP protection of properly designed systems. High-level free field simulators are the means of choice for testing aircraft and ground mobile systems. A combination of low level continuous wave and pulsed current injection testing are preferred for testing fixed facilities and systems connected to long line networks.

Random Sequential Adsorption Of Parallel Squares, Benjamin J. Brosilow, Robert M. Ziff, R. Dennis Vigil

R. Dennis Vigil

The random sequential adsorption of parallel (aligned) squares is studied by computer simulation. A new precise value of the maximum (jamming) coverage is found: I9J =0.562 009+0.000004. The dynamics for times t ~6000 agree with Swendsen s prediction 0J—0(t)-c(lnt)/t. Various twopoint correlation functions are measured, and the effects of the finite size and the discretization of the adsorbing surface are also investigated.

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Carlos Barrera

GEARTURBINE PROJECT Atypical InFlow Thermodynamic Technology Proposal Submission Novel Fueled Motor Engine Type

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Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Water Use Efficiency As Affected By Harvest Traffic And Soil Compaction In A Sandy Loam Soil, Eric A. Rechel, William R. Detar, Burl D. Meek, Lyle M. Carter

William R DeTar

Traffic during alfalfa harvest operations can cause soil compaction and damage to newly growing stems. Root exploration for soil water and nutrients, forage growth dynamics, and final yield can all be affected. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term effects of harvest traffic and soil compaction on water-use efficiency (WUE) of alfalfa grown in a Wasco sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Torriorthents). Alfalfa was planted into tilled soil and managed with or without harvest traffic. Plants subjected to traffic during harvest had a significantly lower WUE two out of the three years studied compared to …

Alfalfa Yield As Affected By Harvest Traffic And Soil Compaction In A Sandy Loam Soil, Eric A. Rechel, Burl D. Meek, William R. Detar, Lyle M. Carter

William R DeTar

Harvesting alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) results in plants being subjected to traffic at different times during the growth cycle with equipment having different wheel sizes and loads. The affect of this traffic could have important ramifications on yield. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term effects of harvest traffic and soil compaction on alfalfa yield. In the first experiment, two conventional traffic systems were compared to alfalfa production with no traffic. A single traffic event, that covered 100% of the plot area 3 to 5 d after each swathing, compared to no traffic significantly decreased yield by …

Optimering Van Koagulasie En Flokkulasie In Die Herwinning Van Koelwater Uit Oliesintese-Afvalwater, Johannes Van Leeuwen, P. Wille

Johannes van Leeuwen

The activated sludge process, which is used in the purification of an oil synthesis effiuent, produces an effiuent which is high in turbidity. The water also contains a lot of dispersed bacterial growth which is not removed during sedimentation. Flocculation is essential to remove these materials. The average diameter of the colloids was found to be 0,92/'m. The zeta potential of the colloids was determined in an attempt to correlate it to the amount of flocculant required. The value was relatively constant at -13,88 mV, which indicates that a cationic·coagulant was required. The required dosage to achieve clarification by means …

Thermodynamics Of Solid And Liquid Eam Metals: A Variational Study, Richard Alan Lesar, R. Najafabadi, D. J.

Richard Alan Lesar

We present results of variational calculations of the Helmholtz free energy and the thermodynamic properties of a series of metallic liquids and solids (Ag,Au,Cu,Ni, Pd, Pt) described by embedded‐atom‐method potentials. For the solids, we use a variational procedure based on an Einstein‐model reference state. The free energies of liquids are calculated with an approximate variational method proposed by Ross. At the respective melting points, the present results for the Helmholtz free energy are within about 1% of the results of accurate Monte Carlo (MC) calculations with the same interaction potentials, both for the fluid and the solid. The average error …

The Slater–Pauling Curve: First Principles Calculations Of The Moments Of Fe1 − C Ni C And V1 − C Fe C, Duane Johnson, F. Pinski, J. Staunton

Duane D. Johnson

We have performed calculations of the electronic structure of the random substitutional alloys Fe1−c Ni c and V1−c Fe c using the spin‐polarized, self‐consistent Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent‐potential approximation (KKR‐CPA) method. This is a first principles method based on spin density functionaltheory and a local spin density approximation for the exchange and correlation functional. For fcc Fe1−c Ni c , a range of volumes were considered for 0.25

Crystal Structures Of N2o To 12 Gpa By X‐Ray Diffraction, R. L. Mills, Bart Olinger, D. T. Cromer, Richard Alan Lesar

Richard Alan Lesar

The structures and phase transitions of N2O were studied by powder x‐ray diffraction in a tungsten–carbide anvil device from about 100 to 300 K and 2 to 12 GPa. Two solid phases, α‐N2O and β‐N2O, were observed. The α pattern is consistent with the known low‐pressure low‐temperature ordered cubic form, space group Pa3, up to 4.8 GPa where transition to a new β solid occurs. From refinements using photographic x‐ray intensities, the β‐N2O structure was determined to be orthorhombic Cmca. There are four molecules in a unit cell with a=4.954 Å, b=4.497 Å, and c=6.201 Å at 5.81 GPa and …

72. Professor Cristofor I. Simionescu On His 70th Birthday, Otto Vogl, Ioan I. Negulescu

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.

Pthomas: An Adaptive Information Retrieval System On The Connection Machine., Robert Oddy, Bhaskaran Balakrishnan

Robert Oddy

This paper reports the state of development of PThomas, a network based document retrieval system implemented on a massively parallel fine-grained computer, the Connection Machine. The program is written in C*, an enhancement of the C programming language which exploits the parallelism of the Connection Machine. The system is based on Oddy’s original Thomas program, which was highly parallel in concept, and makes use of the Connection Machine’s single instruction multiple data (SIMD) processing capabilities. After an introduction to systems like Thomas, and their relationship to spreading activation and neural network models, the current state of PThomas is described, including …

A Pairwise Interaction Theory For Determining The Linear Acoustic Properties Of Dilute Bubbly Liquids, Ashok S. Sangani

Ashok S. Sangani

The problem of determining the acoustic properties of dilute bubbly liquids is examined using the method of ensemble-averaged equations and pairwise interactions. The phase speed and attenuation of sound waves in the small-amplitude regime are determined as a function of frequency of sound waves including the effects of finite surface tension, small viscosity of the liquid, and non-adiabatic thermal changes, and compared with the experimental data available in the literature. An excellent agreement is found for frequencies smaller than about 1.3 times the natural frequency of the bubbles, but the discrepancy is substantial at larger frequencies.