Engineering Commons^™

The Effect Of Intellidrive On The Efficiency Of Highway Transportation Systems, Mohammad Nekoui, Hossein Pishro-Nik, Daiheng Ni

Daiheng Ni

Recently, the IntelliDrive initiative has been proposed by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) to enhance on-road safety and efficiency. In this study, we provide a mathematical framework which predicts the effect of such technologies on the efficiency of multilane highway systems prior to their real-life deployment. Our study shall encompass mixed traffic conditions in which a variety of assisted, automated and unequipped vehicles coexist. We show that intervehicular communications improves the flow of vehicles by reducing the perception-reaction (P-R) times of drivers and, in some cases, allowing for more efficient lane-changing operations. As we shall see, unlike the latter, …

A Spectrum Of Traffic Flow Modeling At Multiple Scales, Daiheng Ni

Daiheng Ni

his paper presents a broad perspective on traffic flow modeling at a spectrum of four scales. Modeling objectives and model properties at each scale are discussed and existing efforts are reviewed. In order to ensure modeling consistency and provide a microscopic basis for macroscopic models, it is critical to address the coupling among models at different scales, i.e. how less detailed models are derived from more detailed models and, conversely, how more detailed models are aggregated to less detailed models. With this understanding, a consistent modeling approach is proposed based on field theory and modeling strategies at each of the …

Mechanism And Kinetics Of Oxidation Of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol By Fenton's Reagent, Somnath Basu, Irvine Wei

Irvine W. Wei

Fenton's reagent is an effective oxidant for pretreatment and toxicity reduction in wastewater contaminated with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). The reaction, and its dependence on various parameters (e.g., molar ratios of the reacting chemicals, pH, temperature, etc.) have been reported elsewhere. In this paper a mechanistic interpretation of the reaction pathway, with identity of the intermediate reaction products, has been presented. An empirical expression for the rate of reaction has also been proposed in terms of the disappearance of TCP in water, as a function of the concentrations of the TCP itself and of the oxidant, hydrogen peroxide.

Oxidation Of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Using Fenton's Reagent: Reaction Mechanisms And Their Practical Applications, Nihar Moriarty, Irvine Wei

Irvine W. Wei

With the strict regulations of present times, chemical oxidation holds tremendous potential for destructive treatment of hazardous wastes which are resistant to biological oxidation. Fenton's reagent has proved to be an inexpensive and powerful oxidant which has been shown to oxidize a wide variety of organics. In this paper, 2,4 dinitrotoluene (2,4 DNT) was chosen as a model compound following previous work where 2,4 DNT was subjected to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of medium power UV source. Various factors that are important to optimize the oxidation of organics were studied. The effect of aeration, step dosing and …

Problem Niekontrolowanego Spalania Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych W Obszarze Wiejskim Na Wybranym Przykładzie, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik

Robert Oleniacz

This paper presents the results of surveys on the problem of uncontrolled burning of waste in domestic stoves and boilers for central heating and open burning of plant residues in rural areas. The questionnaires were conducted among the inhabitants of one of Polish village (Łąkta Dolna), located in the Malopolska province, in the submontane area. The study comprised 80.2% of all households. As is clear from conducted surveys waste were burned in more than 80% of surveyed houses and more than half of respondents admitted to the open burning of plant residues. The percentage of people burning waste and plant …

Wpływ Zakładu Unieszkodliwiania Stałych Odpadów Komunalnych W Warszawie Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Jadwiga Antolak

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of air quality impact assessment carried out for the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Plant in Warsaw. As part of the plant is working so far the only municipal solid waste incinerator in Poland. Following the evaluation, including data for the year 2008, it was found that it is a minor source of emissions to air and causes a slight air pollution. The highest maximum one-hour and annual average concentrations caused at ground level are many times lower than the respective reference (or permissible) values and background values for analyzed substances in the air. Increasing the …

Interpretations Of Sustainability In Higher Education, Omidreza Saadatian

No abstract provided.

Mix Design And Mechanical Properties Of Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: A Review, Hilmi Mahmud

Hilmi Mahmud

To build environmentally sustainable structures, especially in developing countries, the possibility of using some agricultural wastes and industrial by-products from different industries as construction materials will be highly desirable and has several practical and economic advantages. Oil palm shell (OPS) is a form of agricultural solid waste in the tropical regimes. Research over the last two decades shows that OPS can be used as a lightweight aggregate for producing structural lightweight aggregate concrete. The density of OPS concrete is around 20 - 25% lower than normal weight concrete. Generally, mechanical properties of OPS concrete are slightly lower than the other …

Mechanical Properties Of High Blaine Portland Cement, Masoud Rastegar, Kamran Rahmati Shadbad, Ali Hadidi

Masoud Rastegar

No abstract provided.

Pomiary Liczby I Wielkości Cząstek Aerozoli W Powietrzu Miejskim Z Wykorzystaniem Metody Optoelektronicznej, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Monika Dziugieł

Robert Oleniacz

In the paper some measurement results of number and size for aerosols particles suspended in air achieved using infrared particle sizer IPS-P (Kamika Instruments) with isokinetic air sampling method were presented. In IPS-P analyzer, with measuring range from 0,4 to 300 μm, is applied optical/electronic measurement method which is determined by dimensions of measurement space by aerosols particles motions in a parallel radiation beam. The research was conducted on the roof of four-storey building in Krakow for various meteorological conditions. Results achieved for measured parameters were analysed in terms of selected meteorological factors influence.

English title: Number and size measurements …

Self-Organizing Inputs For Adaptive Neurocontrol Of Large-Scale Systems, Simon Laflamme, Jerome J. Connor

Simon Laflamme

Black-box modeling for system identification and control can be constrained by the geometric scale of a plant. Those constrains arise from a technical or economical issue in obtaining input-output data sets for training purposes. A solution is sequential adaptation, which must be achieved in real time in the case of control systems, because a prescribed level of performance is required while external excitations are occurring. A major challenge is the proper selection of inputs that would lead to a quick and optimal adaptation. This paper proposes a new method for selection of inputs in black-box modeling. The method, termed the …

Monitoring And Modeling The Acidification And Recovery Of Catskills Waters And Soils, Chris E. Johnson

Chris E Johnson

No abstract provided.

Energetyka Niskoemisyjna, Wojciech M. Budzianowski

Wojciech Budzianowski

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Estimate Of Highway Capacity Benefit Attainable With Intellidrive Technologies, Daiheng Ni, Jia Li, Steven Andrews, Haizhong Wang

Daiheng Ni

Recent development in IntelliDrive and associated Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) has stimulated tremendous interests among decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers due to the potential safety and mobility benefits provided by these technologies. A primary concern regarding the deployment of IntelliDrive is degree of market penetration required for effectiveness. This paper proposes an approach to analyze the benefit of highway capacity gained from IntelliDrive. To fulfill this purpose, a model incorporating the effects of IntelliDrive on car following is formulated, based on which a rough estimate of the resulting capacity gain is derived. A simulation study is conducted to verify the …

Comparison Of Theory And Experiments For Dispersion In Homogeneous Porous Media, Mark Porter, Francisco Valdes-Parada, Brian Wood

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Modeling dispersion in homogeneous porous media with the convection–dispersion equation commonly requires computing effective transport coefficients. In this work, we investigate longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients arising from the method of volume averaging, for a variety of periodic, homogeneous porous media over a range of particle Péclet (Pep) numbers. Our objective is to validate the upscaled transverse dispersion coefficients and concentration profiles by comparison to experimental data reported in the literature, and to compare the upscaling approach to the more common approach of inverse modeling, which relies on fitting the dispersion coefficients to measured data. This work is unique in …

Public Private Partnerships: What Does The Future Hold?, Michael Regan, Jim Smith, Peter Love

Michael Regan

Internationally, Public and Private Partnerships (PPPs) are being used across a wide variety of economic and social infrastructure projects in more than 85 countries. PPPs are a procurement methodology that brings a rigorous risk-weighted approach to major projects using a competitive bid process and private sector expertise and innovation. PPPs are achieving a number of significant improvements in major project procurement and improved public service delivery.This paper considers the prospects of PPPs from the perspective of government clients and their promoters of PPPs and whether current volatility and uncertainty in the capital markets in Australia will affect the feasibility of …

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Of Prestressed Concrete, Akram Shaker Mahmood, Mohamed N. Mahmood

Akram Shaker Mahmood

In the present study a nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out on twenty prestressed concrete cantilever beams having different lengths vary from 1.0m to 3.0m with 0.5m increments and subjected to a concentrated torque at the free end using ANSYS V10 finite element package. This study emphasizes on the effect of beam length to depth ratio on the strength, behavior of prestressed concrete beams and effectiveness of prestressing strands in the pre and post cracking stages of loading. This work is part of a PhD research program at the University of Mosul to investigate the non-linear three dimensional behavior …

Bacterial Chemotaxis In Porous Media: Theory Derivation And Comparison With Experiments, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Mark L. Porter, Brian D. Wood

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Chemotaxis is the movement of organisms toward or away from the concentration gradient of a chemical species. Microbial chemotaxis has been shown to significantly increase contaminant degradation in subsurface environments with respect to traditional methods such as pump-and-treat. This type of transport phenomena often involves diffusion and convection along several scales. In this work we use the method of volume averaging to upscale the governing equations for in situ bioremediation by bacterial chemotaxis. The results are effective medium mass balance equations for both the bacteria and the chemical attractant. These equations are expressed in terms of average transport coefficients, which …

Interpretation Of Closure Variables In Upscaling, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Mark L. Porter, Brian D. Wood

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

In many engineering applications, it is common to nd systems that involve transport at several scales. Despite the increasing computational capabilities, it is still not feasible to model a complete macroscopic system by direct numerical simulations at the microscale. Actually, it is more convenient to derive models at an intermediate level of scale between the microscale and the macroscale; this is the average scale. The derivation of models at this scale can be carried out by means of the method of volume averaging. The results from this method are averaged transport equations expressed in terms of eective medium coecients that …

One-Domain Approach For Heat Transfer At The Fluid-Porous Medium Inter-Region, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Carlos G. Aguilar-Madera, Benoît Goyeau, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

The modeling of transport phenomena in the zone of rapid changes between a fluid and a porous medium (i.e., the interregion) can be carried out using two distinctive approaches. The first one, generally called the one-domain approach, describes transport phenomena in the whole fluid-porous system using averaged macroscopic conservation equations including spatially dependent effective properties. These coefficients reduce to their respective constant values in the homogeneous fluid and porous regions of the system. As an alternative, the two-domain approach uses the transport equations with constant coefficients in the entire domain of each region, including the zone of drastic changes. To …

Derivation Of Complete Jump Boundary Conditions Between Homogeneous Media, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Benoît Goyeau, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

The modeling of transport phenomena between homogeneous regions requires the derivation of jump boundary conditions. These conditions account for the rapid spatial variations of the transport properties taking place near the dividing surface of the media. There has been a long debate in the literature about whether the discontinuity should apply to the fields (e.g., velocity, temperature, concentration) or to their fluxes. In this work, a general methodology giving rise to jump conditions for both the fields and the fluxes is proposed. This method, besides using a microscopic closure, introduces macroscopic deviation fields that lead to closure schemes for both …

Particle Shape, Type And Amount Of Fines, And Moisture Affecting Resilient Modulus Behavior Of Unbound Aggregates, Debakanta Mishra, Erol Tutumluer, Yuanjie Xiao

Debakanta Mishra

This paper presents the application of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach to study effects of different aggregate properties on the resilient modulus behavior of unbound aggregates. In a recent research project at the University of Illinois, stress-dependent resilient modulus characterization models, in the form proposed for use by the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), were established for three different aggregate types (dolomite, limestone, and uncrushed gravel) using a statistically well-formulated laboratory test matrix. Such a consistent database enabled the evaluation of the model parameter dependence on different aggregate properties, such as particle shape, type and amount of fines, and …

01june2010_Building Collapse_Begunbari, Md. Nurul Alam

Md. Nurul Alam

No abstract provided.

Współspalanie Odpadów W Suchym Piecu Cementowym A Emisja Dwutlenku Siarki I Chlorowodoru, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents an assessment of the impact of waste co-combustion in a cement kiln on air emissions of HCl and SO2 recorded continuously. The subject of the research was cement kiln (dry method) with a capacity of 8500 Mg/day, equipped with a four cyclone heat exchangers and a calciner with an additional chamber for co-incineration. In the analysed period alternative fuels (mainly waste) were used in various amounts ranging up to about 35 kg / Mg clinker (with the heat substitution up to 20%) in the kiln and calciner. Chlorine and sulfur inputs to the process were up to …

Nonlinear Finite Elements Modeling Of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams, Akram Shaker Mahmood

Akram Shaker Mahmood

This paper presents results from a nonlinear finite element analysis of a hybrid reinforced concrete rectangular section beams. The concept of hybrid R.C. concrete structures was applied in many designers for using in constructions of bridge superstructure. Although using the steel reinforcements are often modeled as a linear-elastic material until failure, the linear finite element analysis could not predict the behavior of the R.C. concrete beams model up to its failure. The materials, loadings, section properties with boundary conditions are taken from reference [Ref.3]. Results from material tests and loading tests of beams model indicated that the nonlinearity of concrete …

Beyond Sustainability: The Contractor’S Role In Regenerative System Design, Rebecca Mirsky, Anthony Songer

Rebecca Mirsky

Current business models employ the concept of the triple bottom line to integrate three aspects of sustainability into the organizational process: economic growth, environmental protection and social equity. This concept is evolving toward a regenerative design approach that promotes a triple "top" line, moving accountability to the beginning of the design process by assigning value to a variety of economic, environmental and social factors. There is an increasingly important need for proactive participation from the construction community in this new generation of sustainability efforts. Otherwise, there will be a widening gap between design and construction, in which the contractor role …

Modelo Aproximado Del Coeficiente De Dispersión En Medios Porosos, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Helen D, Lugo-Méndez, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

En este trabajo, se utiliza el método del promedio volumétrico para la predicción del coeficiente efectivo de dispersión y la teoría de las funciones de Green para encontrar una solución analítica aproximada. Como simplificación de la celda representativa del medio poroso homogéneo, se usó la celda de Chang, imponiendo la condición de flujo reptante. Para corroborar los resultados se determinó numéricamente el coeficiente efectivo, en celdas unitarias periódicas usando el programa comercial basado en el método de de elemento finito COMSOL Multiphysics. El coeficiente efectivo de dispersión analítico obtenido en este trabajo presenta una tendencia análoga al numérico, además de …

Diseño De Una Parrilla Para La Reducción De Pérdidas De Energía En Estufas Convencionales, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Victor Castillo-Jimenez, Alberto Gabino-Zamora, Armando Astudillo-Velázquez

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

Las estufas de gas convencionales tienen, por lo general, pérdidas considerables de energía alrededor del quemador, lo que disminuye su eficiencia e incrementa el consumo de recursos. Para atender este problema, en este trabajo se propone concentrar la mayor parte del calor hacia una sola región, para poder obtener la mayor cantidad de energía sin tener que suministrar más combustible y de esta manera aumentar la eficiencia de estufas convencionales. Para ello, se construyó un prototipo experimental a partir de cálculos de diseño teóricos. Con el prototipo ahorrador de energía se consiguió un ahorro hasta del 40% del consumo de …

Análisis De La Transferencia De Calor En Azoteas Verdes, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, Verónica Freyre-Fonseca

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

El problema de las islas urbanas de calor contribuye a los drásticos cambios climáticos que se sufren en ciudades densamente pobladas. Para atender este problema se tienen diversas alternativas, entre las cuales se contempla incorporar zonas verdes (e.g., paredes y azoteas verdes) en edificaciones que contrarresten los efectos de calentamiento excesivo. En este trabajo se estudia la transferencia de calor en edificaciones típicas de la ciudad de México utilizando diferentes configuraciones de zonas verdes. Los resultados muestran que el utilizar azoteas verdes tiene un efecto estabilizador en los perfiles locales de temperatura; sin embargo a nivel de toda una edificación, …

Escalamiento De Ecuaciones De Transporte De Energía En Un Tanque Agitado, Francisco J. Valdes-Parada, J. Alberto Ochoa-Tapia

Francisco J. Valdes-Parada

El planteamiento de balances para el diseño de equipos de transporte y reacción en Ingeniería Química suele llevarse a cabo mediante la aplicación de balances de coraza macroscópicos. Esta forma de proceder tiene la desventaja que no proporciona las restricciones y suposiciones que sustentan al modelo resultante, lo cual puede tener consecuencias graves en actividades de diseño y control de procesos. Una alternativa a esta metodología consiste en llevar a cabo un proceso de escalamiento de las ecuaciones de transporte válidas en la microescala, identificando sistemáticamente las suposiciones necesarias para la deducción del modelo macroscópico. En este trabajo se analiza …