Engineering Commons^™

An Overview Of Prcl’S Research Program, Christina Sames

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Today’s Briefing

Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI)

A PRCI Snapshot

Who We Are

How Does it Work?

PRCI Technical Committees

R&D Budgets

PRCI Committees

Corrosion and Inspection Programs

Corrosion and Inspection Projects

Design, Construction, and Operation Programs

Materials Programs

Materials Projects

Contact Details

Pipeline Safety R&D At The Office Of Pipeline Safety, Jeff Wiese

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Pipeline Safety R&D: Questions

What are We Trying to Accomplish Through the R&D Program? Pipeline Safety R&D Mission

What are We Trying to Accomplish Through the R&D Program? Strategic Objectives

What are the Elements & Goals of Our Management Approach?

What are the Components of our Management Approach?

R&D Topical Areas: Program Elements (1/2)

R&D Topical Areas: Program Elements (2/2)

R&D Topical Areas: Program Elements & Goals

Element-Level Funding: BAAs & Small Business Innovation Research

Turning R&D Results into Impacts - Setting Goals

Example of a Program Logic Model

Program Driver, Collaborators, and Controls

Defining Documentation

R&D Program MIS: Features …

Field Testing Of Remote Sensor Gas Leak Detection Systems Final Report, J. Christopher Buckingham, Terrence A. Grimley, Russell C. Burkey

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

The natural gas pipeline industry routinely checks their pipeline right-of-ways to ensure that leaks are detected. Pipeline companies use various processes to detect signs of leaking pipes, including using vehicles or low-flying aircraft. The leak detection methods range from directly sensing the gas to looking for indirect signs of leakage. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) have provided funding to several commercial companies and research laboratories to develop advanced remote sensor systems to provide high quality, cost-effective leak detection information. To aid in the development and availability of these …

2003 Joint Government And Industry Pipeline R&D Forum Report

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) in conjunction with the energy pipeline industry’s collaborative R&D program administered jointly by Pipeline Research Council International, Inc (PRCI) and the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) hosted the Joint Government and Industry Pipeline R&D Forum. The Forum brought together over 130 representatives from State, Federal and foreign government offices along with domestic and foreign natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline operators. The Forum’s goals included identifying key challenges facing industry and government, sharing information on current research efforts, and identifying research that can help to meet the challenges.

The Forum was …

Pipeline Safety Systematic Process Needed To Evaluate Outcomes Of Research And Development Program

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

OPS distributes its R&D budget among four main areas. For example, in fiscal year 2003, the office plans to allocate its $8.7 million budget as follows:

• 46 percent ($4.0 million) to developing new technologies to prevent damage to pipelines and prevent leaks;

• 21 percent ($1.9 million) to improving technologies for operating, controlling, and monitoring the condition of pipelines;

• 19 percent ($1.7 million) to improved pipeline materials, such as materials that are resistant to damage and defects; and

• 14 percent ($1.2 million) to efforts to improve data on the location and safety performance of pipelines.

On the …

Contents: Theme Presentations

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Return on Investment in Use of Human Factors in Offshore Systems (Harrie J.T. Rensink)

Analysis of Human Factors Related Accidents and Near Misses (James Reason)

An Integrated Approach to Behavioral Based Safety (Jim Spigener)

Experience Using the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's (NPDs) Method for Auditing Human Factors Aspects of Command and Control Centers (Adam Balfour)

Capitalizing on Behavior Based Safety to Address Human Resource Development Needs (Ron Newton)

Working Offshore: Its Effects and Their Management (Mark Shrimpton)

Accident Investigation Trends - A Safety Management Perspective (David Dykes)

Summary of Working Group Activities (Cyril Arney)

Exxonmobil’S Approach To Human Factors, Tom Theriot

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Presentation Outline

Human Factors - Definition

Objectives of Human Factors Efforts

Incident Performance Improvement History

Why Are We Working on HUMAN FACTORS?

The Human Factors “Spectrum”

ExxonMobil’s Human Factors Strategy

Human Factors Focus Areas

The Cost of Using Human Factors in Design

New HF Technology Applications

Demystifying Human Factors: Practical Solutions To Reduce Incidents And Improve Safety, Quality And Reliability

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Five years have passed since the 1996 International Workshop on Human Factors in Offshore Operations. Over this period, we learned that the level of knowledge of human factors has increased dramatically. We also made significant advances in applying human factors disciplines more effectively within an organization. In order to invest the necessary resources, technical specialists, engineers and corporate leaders need to be confident that the human factors tools they choose to implement will meet the desired goals.

To this end, the 2002 International Workshop on Human Factors in Offshore Operations (HFW2002) brought together six key work groups to help those …

Opening Remarks, Chris C. Oynes

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Industry Changes Since 1996

Human Factors

MMS Responsibilities

Many Agencies Involved

Safety & Environmental Protection

Varied Clientele

The U.S. System—Process Rich

Regulatory Strategy

Deepwater Operations Plan

Guiding Principles for Program

Accident Investigation

Human Factors Roles In Accidents

Management System Failures

Riser Package Accident

A Crane Accident

Annual Performance Reviews

In Conclusion

Is There Room For Human Factor Engineering In Design?, Kenneth E. Arnold

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

What Does HFE Address?

Trips, Slips and Falls

Simplifying Maintenance and Operations Tasks

Reacting to Abnormal Situations

Human Factors

Three Mile Island (1979)

Ocean Ranger (1982)

Piper Alpha (1988)

Why Did Paragon Form HFE Group

Paragon Success Stories

Where Are We In Design Safety

Contents: Speaker Presentations & Workshop Overview, Rodger Holdsworth

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Speaker Presentations

Welcome/Introductions (Rodger Holdsworth)

Opening Remarks (Chris Oynes)

Opening Remarks (Ken Arnold)

Opening Remarks (Tom Theriot)

"Integration of Human Factors into Classification/Certification" (James Card)

"Overview of the P-36 Incident" (Carlos TadeuDa Costa Frage)

P 36_Movie.avi (Pedro Jose Barusco Filho)

Workshop Overview Powerpoint

1996 Workshop Purpose

What We Learned

HFW2002 Workshop Purpose

Workshop Objectives

Most Common Questions and Answers

Questions?

Accident Investigation Trends - A Safety Management Perspective, David Dykes

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Accident Investigation - Critical Element of MMS Safety

MMS Reaction to Trends

Trends Revealed in Recent Fatal Accident Investigations

Lack of Procedural Guidelines in Routine Tasks - Why?

Best Procedures Result from JHA/JSA

Management Responsibility

Contact Information

Thank You

Revised Method For Reviewing Human Factors In The Design Of Ccr`S, Adam Balfour

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Human Factors Solutions - Norway

ABBREVIATIONS

HFW 2002 GOALS

AGENDA

MMI-1

BACKGROUND MMI -1 - NPD - AUDITS

Consoles

Alarm systems

Navigation

Colour /graphics

CCR Layout

GOALS MMI-1

MMI 1 = ISO 11064 +

MMI-2

GOALS MMI-2

DELIVERABLES MMI-2

PROJECT PLAN MMI-2

PRELIMINARY RESULTS - MMI 1

PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS 1/2

PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS 2/2

PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS

ISSUES

Work Group Papers

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Improving Incident Investigation through Inclusion of Human Factors (Anita Rothblum)

Effectively Including Human Factors in the Design of New Facilities (Johan Hendrikse)

Application of Human Factors in Reducing Human Error in Existing Offshore Facilities (Jeffrey Thomas)

Solving Human Factor Issues as Applied to the Work Force (Bob Miles)

Effective Integration of Human Factors into HSE Management Systems (Denise McCafferty)

Effective Application of Behavioral Based Processes in Offshore Operations (Jim Spigener)

Capitalizing On Behavior Based Safety To Address Human Resource Development Needs, Ron Newton

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

A Model For Examination Peak’s 10-Year Experience With Offshore Service Companies

Task #1 Define Behavioral Tendencies Of Mariners.

What Is Personality And Behavior?

Population

Mariner Personality Traits

TRAIT STRENGTHS

TRAIT WEAKNESSES

What Else Does It Tell Us?

Marine Offshore Temperament = High Turnover

DiSC™

Mariner Behavioral Tendencies

Mariner Behaviors

Task #2 Turn Behavioral Conclusions Into Effective Behavior Based Training Measures

Ask

Need

Step One: Match The Team To The Mission

Step Two: Communicate The Company’s Mission, System, And Culture

Step Three: Develop Employees Personally And Professionally

Step Four: Enhance Stability In The Individual And The Team

Step Five: Provide Accountability, …

Analysis Of Human Factors Related Accidents And Near Misses, James Reason

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Two kinds of bad event

Two ways of looking at human factors problems

Individual & organizational ax have different causal sets

The ‘Swiss cheese’ model of accident causation

How and why defenses fail

Matrix for defensive failures

Piper Alpha: Defensive failures

Unsafe acts

Rule-related behaviours

Workplace factors

Organizational factors

Accident investigation steps

System contributions (Single or multiple events)

Aims of HF event analysis

Summary Of Working Group Activities, Cyril Arney

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

HFW 2002

Shape of the 20th Century

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

Shape of human progress

What is correct HFE model?

The problem redefined

Behavioral Science

Behaviorism

Human behavior is complex

The Conclusions

Offshore Employment: Its Effects And Their Management, Mark Shrimpton

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

PRESENTATION STRUCTURE

RATIONALE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE EMPLOYMENT

RESPONSES

RESEARCH GAPS

RESEARCH ISSUES

Return On Investment In Use Of Human Factors In Offshore Systems: “Closing The Gap Between Conceptual Design And Engineering, Field Construction Activities And Operations”, Harrie J. T. Rensink

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Agenda

Objectives

Shell International Health Services Usability & Human Factors Engineering

Client Portfolio & Projects

Business Objectives

Human Machine Interface Model

Physical Interface

Cognitive Interface

Business case

World class Projects

Literature “Development HSE improvements in hardware design”

Conclusion ‘traditional’ design process

Ergonomic Management & Information System (EMIS®)

The Design Process

Examples Smart design tools

Upgrader Main Control room Centre and Workshop Building Athabasca Oil Sands Downstream Project Shell Canada, Calgary

Link-analyses CCR / Engineering Functions frequency daily communication

INTERFACE RELATIONSHIP MATRIX FOR CENTRAL CONTR

Smart tool for Improving Plant & Equipment lay out Identification of Valves analysis (IVA ®)

Assurance …

Integration Of Human Factors Into Classification / Certification, James Card

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

1996 Conference

ABS, Classification Societies

Human Error and Accidents

Human Factors Issues in Classification / Certification

ABS - Management and Organizational Issues

ABS – Installation Design and Layout

ABS – Ambient Environment

ABS – People Issues

Different Models – Same Message

Questions?

An Integrated Approach To Behavioral Based Safety, Jim Spigener

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

3 Types of At risk

BehavioralScience Technology,Inc.

Primary Concepts

Barriers to Continuous Safety Improvement

Behavior an Observable Act

ABC Analysis

Understanding System Influences

The CBI^® Tools

Part One —CBI^®Data Sheet

Part Two —CBI^®Definitions

Example Definition

Observers

Analyze Data /Select Focus /Develop Action Plan

As Safe Behavior Increases, Recordable Rates Decrease

Hand Protection Increased from 80% Safe to 98% Safe

Industrial Hygene Behaviors increses in Percent Safe Over Time

Lum berM ill High PercentSafe Scores are Associated with Low Recordable Rates

Sustainability of Implementations

BAPP^® Technology Process Flow Chart

Application Of Human Factors In Reducing Human Error In Existing Offshore Facilities, Jeffrey Thomas, Clifford C. Baker, Thomas B. Malone, John T. Malone, Christina L. Hard, Ivan C. L. Rezende, Sally Caruana, Mark Witten

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Human factors engineering (HFE) is the scientific and engineering discipline concerned with improving human performance and reducing human error in complex systems. HFE represents a merging of behavioral science and systems engineering and is directed at integrating people into the workplace. The discipline had its start in the aviation and aerospace industries.

The objective of HFE is to minimize the potential for human error and accidents by ensuring that the human can perform assigned activities as efficiently and effectively as possible. At a very basic level, a definition of human error can be “any deviation from expected human performance” (Senders …

Effective Integration Of Human Factors Into Hse Management Systems, Denise B. Mccafferty, Clifford C. Baker, Kevin P. Mcsweeney, Rodger Holdsworth

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

It is common that offshore operating and drilling companies have policies, procedures, and practices that address Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) issues. It is less likely that such organizations will explicitly address (through written requirements) human factors (HF) concerns. Regardless, both HSE and HF are concerned with the same objectives: protecting people, property, and the natural environment from damage. The methods of each examine the job performed by the human, and compare work requirements to the design of hardware, software, and paper systems to allow safe and efficient performance. The perspectives of both disciplines are generally “user-centered” and act as …

Solving Human Factor Issues As Applied To The Work Force, Robert Miles, Dennis Attwood, Amy White

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

This paper aims to capture a range of current approaches to the management and delivery of safety by means of addressing workforce human factors issues. The paper is divided into a number of sections and each section is the product of the facilitated debate and discussions around the original discussion paper.

Effective Application Of Behavioral Based Processes In Offshore Operations, Jim Spigener, Gillis Gaupreaux, Frank Amato, Brian N. Craig

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

The introduction of the behavioral-based safety process in the offshore industry over the past decade has had a significant impact on safety in general and the offshore safety culture in particular. The Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) process compliments Human Factors Engineering (HFE) efforts in the struggle to improve safety by minimizing the risk in the hazardous offshore environment. The behavioral-based safety process and HFE both focus on the workers by taking advantage of their strengths and minimizing their weaknesses.

The four key steps of the behavior based safety process are as follows:

1. Identifying behaviors – Identification of and operationally defining …

Effectively Including Human Factors In The Design Of New Facilities, Johan Hendrikse, Kevin Mcsweeney, Eileen B. Hoff, Paul Atkinson, Gerry Miller, George Connor, Ben Poblete, Rick Meyer, Pat O'Connor, Hilde Heber

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Human error is a major cause of incidents in the offshore industry. For example, in the Gulf of Mexico region in 1998, 38% of all incidents were attributed to human error with an additional 9% of incidents resulting from slips, trips, and falls (MMS 2000-021, OCS Report). Human Factors, when integrated during the design of a new offshore facility, can reduce the potential for human error and the occurrence of unfortunate incidents.

Quite often the implementation of Human Factors (HF) during design is disregarded because of the notion that it will add unacceptable costs. Review of the cost/benefit data contained …

Improving Incident Investigation Through Inclusion Of Human Factors, Anita Rothblum, David Wheal, Stuart Withington, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann, William Boehm, Marc Chaderjian

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Studies of offshore and maritime incidents (accidents and near-misses) show that 80% or more involve human error. By investigating incidents, we can identify safety problems and take corrective actions to prevent future such events. While many offshore and maritime companies have incident investigation programs in place, most fall short in identifying and dealing with human errors. This paper discusses how to incorporate human factors into an incident investigation program. Topics include data collection and analysis and how to determine the types of safety interventions appropriate to safeguard against the identified risks. Examples are provided from three organizations that have established …

Interagency R&D Program Presentation

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

Presentation Objective

Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 (PSIA 2002)

Interagency Implementation of the PSIA 2002 Mandate

Agency Responsibilities Related to PSIA 2002 Program Elements

Program Award Summary

Recent Joint Funding Activities

Six Consecutive Years of DOT & DOI Research Project Co-Funding

Research & Development Projects with Successful Hand-Offs

Technology Demonstrations

Joint Government/Industry Pipeline R&D Forum

Pipeline R&D Program Websites

Interagency Website for Section 12 of PSIA 2002

Joint Items/Events – Fiscal 2005

Pipeline R&D Program Contacts

Public Law 107–355—Dec. 17, 2002

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

‘‘(1) The legal authority of Federal agencies and State and local governments in controlling land use and the limitations on such authority.

‘‘(2) The current practices of Federal agencies and State and local governments in addressing land use issues involving a pipeline easement.

‘‘(3) The most effective way to encourage Federal agencies and State and local governments to monitor and reduce encroachment upon pipeline rights-of-way.

‘‘(d) REPORT.—

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall publish a report identifying practices, laws, and ordinances that are most successful in addressing issues …

Faa Storm Water Program, W. H. Espey Jr., Raymond Rose, George I. Legarreta

United States Department of Transportation -- Publications & Papers

United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated regulations in November 16, 1991 pursuant to the Clean Water Act in the issuance of National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit application regulations for storm water discharge. These regulations concern certain municipal and industrial activities. Air transportation facilities are included in the industrial activity category. The EPA storm water regulations specifically target airport deicing operations as an industrial activity. These regulations may increase Airport Improvement Program (AlP) trust fund expenditures for storm water control improvements. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), therefore, initiated a storm water program to assist airport operators in complying …