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Articles 1 - 30 of 287
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Towards A Practical Method For Monitoring Kinetic Processes In Polymers With Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy, Robert Vito Chimenti
Towards A Practical Method For Monitoring Kinetic Processes In Polymers With Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy, Robert Vito Chimenti
Theses and Dissertations
Unlike liquids and crystalline solids, glassy materials exist in a constant state of structural nonequilibrium. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of material kinetics is critical for understanding the structure-property-processing relationships of polymeric materials. Amorphous materials universally display low-frequency Raman features related to the phonon density of states resulting in a broad disorder band for Raman shifts below 100 cm-1, which is related to the conformational entropy and the modulus. This disorder band is dominated by the Boson peak, a feature due to phonon scattering because of disorder and can be related to the transverse sound velocity of the material, and a …
Tunable Dual-Phase Dual-Drug Delivery System Using A Plga Microparticle/Pva Hydrogel Composite, Timothy John Eck
Tunable Dual-Phase Dual-Drug Delivery System Using A Plga Microparticle/Pva Hydrogel Composite, Timothy John Eck
Theses and Dissertations
Current drug-eluting coatings have demonstrated controlled long-term, sustained release but have only tried to mitigate short-term burst release as a negative side effect. For applications like wound healing, there is a need for a drug-eluting coating which is adjustable in both short- and long-term release, independent of each other. We present a tunable dual-phase dual-drug delivery coating composed of drug-loaded polymer microparticles and drug-loaded hydrogel which can control short term and long term release individually in this study. This coating was created using lidocaine and dexamethasone encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) particles combined with lidocaine- and dexamethasone-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. Hydrogel drug …
Mri Image Regression Cnn For Bone Marrow Lesion Volume Prediction, Kevin Yanagisawa
Mri Image Regression Cnn For Bone Marrow Lesion Volume Prediction, Kevin Yanagisawa
Theses and Dissertations
Bone marrow lesions (BMLs), occurs from fluid build up in the soft tissues inside your bone. This can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and is characterized by excess water signals in the bone marrow space. This disease is commonly caused by osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative join disease where tissues within the joint breakdown over time [1]. These BMLs are an emerging target for OA, as they are commonly related to pain and worsening of the diseased area until surgical intervention is required [2]–[4]. In order to assess the BMLs, MRIs were utilized as input into a regression …
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Additives At Lower Than Traditional Compaction Temperatures, Abdelrahman Mahmoud Waheish Ali
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Additives At Lower Than Traditional Compaction Temperatures, Abdelrahman Mahmoud Waheish Ali
Theses and Dissertations
The study aims to evaluate the impact of warm mix additives (WMA) on the rheological and performance properties of asphalt binders and mixtures. For this purpose, PG 76-28 and PG 58-28 were obtained with one organic (Sasobit Redux) and three chemical WMA (Rediset, Evotherm, and Zycotherm). All WMA-modified asphalt binders were aged at three different aging levels. Laboratory tests such as performance grade (PG), critical temperature differential (ΔTc), asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD), linear amplitude sweep test (LAS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed. In addition to the binder testing plan, this study also evaluated the impact of …
Cancer Treatment By Targeting Hdac4 Translocation Induced By Microsecond Pulsed Electric Field Exposure: Mechanistic Insights Through Kinases And Phosphatases, Zahra Safaei
Theses and Dissertations
Epigenetic modifications, arising from sub-cellular shifts in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and localization, present promising strategies for diverse cancer treatments. HDACs, enzymes responsible for post-translational histone modifications, induce these epigenetic changes by removing acetyl groups from ε-N-acetyl-lysine residues on histones, thereby suppressing gene transcription. Within the HDAC group, class IIa HDACs are notable for their responsiveness to extracellular signals, bridging the gap between external stimuli, plasma membrane, and genome through nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation. This localization offers two significant mechanisms for cancer treatment: nuclear accumulation of HDACs represses oncogenic transcription factors, such as myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), triggering various cell death …
Development Of A Xenograft For Annular Repair Using Pulsed Electric Field Exposures For Enhanced Decellularization, Prince Mensah Kwaku Atsu
Development Of A Xenograft For Annular Repair Using Pulsed Electric Field Exposures For Enhanced Decellularization, Prince Mensah Kwaku Atsu
Theses and Dissertations
Severe back injuries and chronic pain necessitate surgical replacement of damaged intervertebral disc (IVD) cartilage in advanced disease stages. Bovine IVD tissue has been exposed to an upper threshold pulsed electric field (PEF) dose, causing cell death without thermal damage to the tissue. Subsequent PEF exposures at lower magnitudes have accelerated the removal of immunogenic biomolecules though electrokinetic extraction using optimized aqueous solutions. This approach yields a natural scaffold, ready for biocompatibility and mechanical strength assessment. The effects of microsecond pulsed electric fields (µsPEF) on primary bovine AF fibroblast-like cells have been characterized in vitro. PEFs of 10 and 100 …
Integrated Computer-Aided Design, Experimentation, And Optimization Approach For Perovskites And Petroleum Packaging Processes, Swapana Subbarao Jerpoth
Integrated Computer-Aided Design, Experimentation, And Optimization Approach For Perovskites And Petroleum Packaging Processes, Swapana Subbarao Jerpoth
Theses and Dissertations
According to the World Economic Forum report, the U.S. currently has an energy efficiency of just 30%, thus illustrating the potential scope and need for efficiency enhancement and waste minimization. In the U.S. energy sector, petroleum and solar energy are the two key pillars that have the potential to create research opportunities for transition to a cleaner, greener, and sustainable future. In this research endeavor, the focus is on two pivotal areas: (i) Computer-aided perovskite solar cell synthesis; and (ii) Optimization of flow processes through multiproduct petroleum pipelines. In the area of perovskite synthesis, the emphasis is on the enhancement …
A Systems Approach To Process Design And Sustainability - Synergy Via Pollution Prevention, Control, And Source Reduction, Emmanuel Apau Aboagye
A Systems Approach To Process Design And Sustainability - Synergy Via Pollution Prevention, Control, And Source Reduction, Emmanuel Apau Aboagye
Theses and Dissertations
Historically, process design prioritized efficiency and profitability, often overlooking environmental and societal implications. However, given the global challenges like climate change and resource scarcity, there is a growing emphasis on embedding sustainability into process design. Adopting a systems-oriented approach provides a comprehensive view, spanning from raw material acquisition to end-of-life product management. Such an approach not only identifies potential sustainability challenges but ensures that solutions foster both environmental responsibility and economic viability. In this study, a comprehensive framework for designing industrial systems is introduced, aiming to encompass the entire lifecycle impacts of chemical processes. The research initially delves into two …
Optimal Control Of Ion Exchange Process For Chromate Removal And Protein A Chromatography For Antibody Extraction, Fadi Ghanem
Optimal Control Of Ion Exchange Process For Chromate Removal And Protein A Chromatography For Antibody Extraction, Fadi Ghanem
Theses and Dissertations
Ion exchange resins are widely used in the extraction of hazardous chemicals as well as the recovery of precious molecules. Therefore, an early breakthrough from the resin system can lead to toxic compounds affecting the drinking water quality or inefficient use of costly resins. Hence, accurate modeling of the ion exchange process and control strategy can enable decisions that assist in avoiding leakage when facing fluctuations in the inlet contaminant concentrations. In this work, the ion exchange process is modeled via the method of moments where the system uncertainties are captured via stochastic modeling using Ito processes. The flow rate …
A New Algorithm For Encounter Generation: Encounters From Actual Trajectories (Enact), James Anthony Ritchie Iii
A New Algorithm For Encounter Generation: Encounters From Actual Trajectories (Enact), James Anthony Ritchie Iii
Theses and Dissertations
There is ongoing research at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other private industries to examine a concept for delegated separation in multiple classes of airspace to allow unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to remain well clear of other aircraft. Detect and Avoid (DAA) capabilities are one potential technology being examined to maintain separation. To evaluate these DAA capabilities, input traffic scenarios are needed, but current approaches are limited by the breadth of the traffic recordings available. This thesis derives a new mathematical algorithm that uses great circle navigation equations in an Earth spherical model and an accurate aircraft performance model …
Evolutionary Conservation And Times Of Action Of Heterochronic Genes, Maria Ivanova
Evolutionary Conservation And Times Of Action Of Heterochronic Genes, Maria Ivanova
Theses and Dissertations
The heterochronic pathway of C. elegans is the most well-characterized system to date for controlling the sequence and timing of developmental events. However, we still have critical unanswered questions to address. First, little is known about the evolution of the heterochronic pathway, and of developmental timing in general. To determine if the roles of major heterochronic genes are conserved, I made mutants in orthologs of these genes in C. briggsae, using CRISPR/Cas9. My studies revealed a significant drift in the roles of some of the genes, although all of them are still involved in the developmental timing regulation, and several …
Advanced Processing Techniques For Electrospun Nanofibers: Investigating Annealing And Laser Zone-Drawing Effects On Material Characteristics, Matthew D. Flamini
Advanced Processing Techniques For Electrospun Nanofibers: Investigating Annealing And Laser Zone-Drawing Effects On Material Characteristics, Matthew D. Flamini
Theses and Dissertations
Electrospun nanofibers hold potential for a wide range of commercial and scientific applications; however, their properties must be optimized through post-processing treatments to achieve optimal performance. This dissertation investigates the effects of annealing and laser zone-drawing on electrospun nanofiber properties. Annealing polycaprolactone nanofibers at 70°C results in the highest rate of crystallization and molecular alignment, impacting long-term stability and mechanical properties. A multivariate linear model incorporating crystallinity and molecular alignment predicts the material properties resulting from annealing under different conditions. Laser zone-drawing experiments reveal that polylactide fiber thinning under laser irradiation primarily occurs due to drawing rather than ablation. Steady-state …
Developing A Smart And Sustainable Public Transportation System: A Case Study In Camden, New Jersey, Zahra Vafakhah
Developing A Smart And Sustainable Public Transportation System: A Case Study In Camden, New Jersey, Zahra Vafakhah
Theses and Dissertations
The transportation sector is a major contributor to air pollution and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. As a significant source of emissions, public transportation presents an opportunity for mitigation through electrification. However, transitioning to an electric bus fleet necessitates substantial investments in bus procurement and charging infrastructure. To address the associated costs, this study introduces a mixed-integer linear mathematical model developed to optimize the location of on-route fast charging stations within bus networks. The central objective of this optimization formulation is to minimize the overall cost of establishing the charging infrastructure. The study employs a real-world case study focusing on a …
Evaluation Of Digital Twin Approaches For Thermal Modeling And Energy Optimization For Existing Buildings, Jason Bastie Muermann
Evaluation Of Digital Twin Approaches For Thermal Modeling And Energy Optimization For Existing Buildings, Jason Bastie Muermann
Theses and Dissertations
Residential, commercial, and industrial building sectors in the United States were responsible for 42% of the nation’s consumption of 100.2 quadrillion BTUs of energy in 2019 [1]. 80% of the nation’s energy is sourced from fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Fossil fuels are known contributors to carbon emissions and climate change, making energy reduction vital. Consequently, New Jersey Department of Military and Veterans Affairs (NJDMAVA) is tasked with evaluating energy consumption and efficiency in all New Jersey Army National Guard (NJARNG) facilities, as mandated by TAG Policy Letter 18-5, Executive Order 13990, and the Energy Independence and …
Better Models For High-Stakes Tasks, Jacob Ryan Epifano
Better Models For High-Stakes Tasks, Jacob Ryan Epifano
Theses and Dissertations
The intersection of machine learning and healthcare has the potential to transform medical diagnosis, treatment, and research. Machine learning models can analyze vast amounts of medical data and identify patterns that may be too complex for human analysis. However, one of the major challenges in this field is building trust between users and the model. Due to things like high false alarm rate and the black box nature of machine learning models, patients and medical professionals need to understand how the model arrives at its recommendations. In this work, we present several methods that aim to improve machine learning models …
Evaluating Frozen Soil Properties With Electrical Resistivity Measurement And Electro-Magnetic Induction Methods, Rui Liu
Theses and Dissertations
Electromagnetic induction was utilized in the past by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as a method of detecting unexploded ordinance, while it has the potential to act as a novel method of investigating frozen soils in cold regions. In this study, we performed lab-scale 1D electrical resistivity measurements under freeze-thaw circumstances on frost-susceptible soils with varied soil properties. We implemented an empirical model from our experiments into a COMSOL finite element model at both laboratory and field scales to simulate soil electrical resistivity response under both short-term and long-term sub-freezing conditions. Dynamic temperature-dependent soil properties, most notably unfrozen …
Machine Learning-Based Drone And Aerial Threat Detection For Increased Turret Gunner Survivability, Nikolas Koutsoubis
Machine Learning-Based Drone And Aerial Threat Detection For Increased Turret Gunner Survivability, Nikolas Koutsoubis
Theses and Dissertations
The introduction of aerial drones on the modern battlefield has transformed combat operations, posing a significant threat to ground-based military operations. Detecting drones in safety scenarios is crucial. However, modern machine learning (ML)-based object detectors struggle to detect small objects like drones. This thesis presents three main contributions: (a) data and algorithmic modifications to improve small object detection in YOLO to aid in drone detection, (b) the development of a benchmark drone detection dataset called DyViR, and (c) the implementation of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to ensure transparent and trustworthy decision-making. To boost the performance of small object detection, we …
Evaluating The Permeability Of Porous Aggregate Concrete Using Electrical Resistivity-Based Measurements, Ariel Miguel Mendez Aragoncillo
Evaluating The Permeability Of Porous Aggregate Concrete Using Electrical Resistivity-Based Measurements, Ariel Miguel Mendez Aragoncillo
Theses and Dissertations
Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and lightweight aggregates (LWA) are popular alternative aggregates for concrete. However, due to their highly porous structure, concrete with RCA and LWA shows a different microstructure and higher permeability than conventional concrete. Thus, the existing relationships used to evaluate the permeability and, consequently, the durability of concrete are not applicable in concretes with RCA and LWA. This research examined the permeation properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). The relationships between electrical resistivity-based measurements in RAC and LWAC and their permeation properties were determined and compared to that of normal weight aggregate …
Investigation Of The Performance Of Anti-Corrosive Coating Materials Derived From Bio-Based Feedstocks, Sarah Anne Salazar
Investigation Of The Performance Of Anti-Corrosive Coating Materials Derived From Bio-Based Feedstocks, Sarah Anne Salazar
Theses and Dissertations
Corrosion is a costly phenomenon that is largely responsible for the deterioration of various infrastructures. While there are many corrosion prevention techniques, polymeric coatings are the most cost-effective and frequently used methods for protection of metal surfaces. The most commonly employed polymeric coatings are non-renewable BPA-based epoxide resins. Common curing agents are also the derivatives of hazardous amines such as ethylene di-amine and methylene dianiline. Therefore, there is a growing demand to develop renewable and less-harmful precursors from biomass to replace rapidly depleting petrochemicals. This thesis focuses on the characterization and optimization of anti-corrosive polymeric coating formulations derived from renewable …
Evaluating The Impact Of Oxidation On Moisture Resistance Of Asphalt Components And Mixtures, Ahmad Alfalah
Evaluating The Impact Of Oxidation On Moisture Resistance Of Asphalt Components And Mixtures, Ahmad Alfalah
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the effects of asphalt oxidation and testing temperature on moisture damage in asphalt mixtures, using AASHTO T283 and Surface Free Energy (SFE) testing. The study assessed the impact of three asphalt binder grades (PG 64-22, PG 76-22, and PG 52-34) and three test temperatures (ALT, AIT, and CIT) on the susceptibility to moisture damage. Additionally, three oxidation levels (OTC, STOC, and LTOC) were evaluated to determine the optimal level of oxidation and testing temperature for AASHTO T283 to detect moisture damage. Load-displacement curve parameters and IDEAL-CT were analyzed to better understand the effects of oxidation and moisture …
Chemical And Polymer Characterization Of The Potential Modes Of Degradation Of An Injectable Nucleus Pulposus Replacement Device, Antonio G. Abbondandolo
Chemical And Polymer Characterization Of The Potential Modes Of Degradation Of An Injectable Nucleus Pulposus Replacement Device, Antonio G. Abbondandolo
Theses and Dissertations
HYDRAFIL™ is a poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel nucleus pulposus replacement device that is injected in situ and has demonstrated efficacy in lowering the prevalence and pain associated with back. In this work, we developed a method to analyze HYDRAFIL™ polymer composition using (TGA) and characterized intermolecular bonding interactions within the hydrogel through (FTIR). To function as a permanent implant for nucleus pulposus replacement, HYDRAFIL™ must be stable when exposed to a multitude of degradation pathways, namely, thermal, chemical, and mechanical. We subjected HYDRAFIL™ to accelerated thermal and chemical degradation pathways and described compositional, physical and chemical property changes using a …
The Use Of Point Cloud Data To Support Concrete Bridge Deck Condition Assessment, Issa Nidal Al Shaini
The Use Of Point Cloud Data To Support Concrete Bridge Deck Condition Assessment, Issa Nidal Al Shaini
Theses and Dissertations
Bridge deck condition assessments are typically conducted through visual physical inspections, utilizing traditional contact sensors for Non-Destructive Evaluation techniques such as hammer Sounding and chain dragging which require the expertise of trained inspectors. However, the accuracy of these inspections is limited by the level of deterioration of the bridge deck, as the ability of the inspectors is proportional to the apparent level of damage. This study aims to improve the accuracy of bridge deck inspection processes by utilizing non-destructive evaluation techniques, including the analysis of point cloud data gathered via Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) as a geometry-capturing tool. The …
Adversary Aware Continual Learning, Muhammad Umer
Adversary Aware Continual Learning, Muhammad Umer
Theses and Dissertations
Continual learning approaches are useful as they help the model to learn new information (classes) sequentially, while also retaining the previously acquired information (classes). However, these approaches are adversary agnostic, i.e., they do not consider the possibility of malicious attacks. In this dissertation, we have demonstrated that continual learning approaches are extremely vulnerable to the adversarial backdoor attacks, where an intelligent adversary can introduce small amount of misinformation to the model in the form of imperceptible backdoor pattern during training to cause deliberate forgetting of a specific class at test time. We then propose a novel defensive framework to counter …
A General Model For Noisy Labels In Machine Learning, Glenn Dawson
A General Model For Noisy Labels In Machine Learning, Glenn Dawson
Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning is an ever-growing and increasingly pervasive presence in every-day life; we entrust these models, and systems built on these models, with some of our most sensitive information and security applications. However, for all of the trust that we place in these models, it is essential to recognize the fact that such models are simply reflections of the data and labels on which they are trained. To wit, if the data and labels are suspect, then so too must be the models that we rely on—yet, as larger and more comprehensive datasets become standard in contemporary machine learning, it …
Exploring Senior Chemical Engineering Students’ Approach To Process Safety Decision Making, Jeffrey Saunders Stransky
Exploring Senior Chemical Engineering Students’ Approach To Process Safety Decision Making, Jeffrey Saunders Stransky
Theses and Dissertations
Despite investments in chemical process safety education, evidence suggests that engineers’ decision making may contribute to process safety incidents. Currently, limited educational endeavors in process safety decision making exist, raising the need for a better understanding of how to prepare chemical engineering students for industry decisions. This dissertation fortifies current process safety education through three studies involving senior chemical engineering students. Study One developed the Engineering Process Safety Research Instrument (EPSRI) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Educators may use the EPSRI to evaluate their students’ moral development. Study Two evaluated a digital process safety game, Contents Under Pressure, on …
Estimating The Impact Of Intersection Traffic On Air Quality Emissions At Camden Cooper Medical Health Intersection Through The Integration Of Vissim/Moves Models, Kourtney Nicole Arena
Estimating The Impact Of Intersection Traffic On Air Quality Emissions At Camden Cooper Medical Health Intersection Through The Integration Of Vissim/Moves Models, Kourtney Nicole Arena
Theses and Dissertations
Traffic emissions near intersections can increase significantly due to idling as well as stop-and-go traffic conditions. Increased emissions of pollutants like particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in traffic exhaust deteriorate the health of the population that is exposed to them. Since general traffic emissions are increased by the stop-and-go conditions produced at intersections, PAH traffic emissions should also increase from intersection driving conditions. The intersection of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd and Haddon Ave in Camden, NJ was identified as an ideal site to study PAH traffic emissions. To …
Development Of A Modular Agricultural Robotic Sprayer, Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez
Development Of A Modular Agricultural Robotic Sprayer, Paolo Rommel P. Sanchez
Theses and Dissertations
Precision Agriculture (PA) increases farm productivity, reduces pollution, and minimizes input costs. However, the wide adoption of existing PA technologies for complex field operations, such as spraying, is slow due to high acquisition costs, low adaptability, and slow operating speed. In this study, we designed, built, optimized, and tested a Modular Agrochemical Precision Sprayer (MAPS), a robotic sprayer with an intelligent machine vision system (MVS). Our work focused on identifying and spraying on the targeted plants with low cost, high speed, and high accuracy in a remote, dynamic, and rugged environment. We first researched and benchmarked combinations of one-stage convolutional …
Towards Optimal Operation And Control Of Emerging Electric Distribution Networks, Jimiao Zhang
Towards Optimal Operation And Control Of Emerging Electric Distribution Networks, Jimiao Zhang
Theses and Dissertations
The growing integration of power-electronics converters enabled components causes low inertia in the evolving electric distribution networks, which also suffer from uncertainties due to renewable energy sources, electric demands, and anomalies caused by physical or cyber attacks, etc. These issues are addressed in this dissertation. First, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) solution is provided for solar photovoltaics (PVs) to address the issues of low inertia and system uncertainties. Furthermore, for a campus AC microgrid, coordinated control of the PV-VSG and a combined heat and power (CHP) unit is proposed and validated. Second, for islanded AC microgrids composed of SGs and …
Flexural Wave Manipulation By Non-Hermitian Planar Elastic Metasurface, Katerina Stojanoska
Flexural Wave Manipulation By Non-Hermitian Planar Elastic Metasurface, Katerina Stojanoska
Theses and Dissertations
It has been demonstrated that metasurfaces with spatially asymmetric inner geometry exhibit unidirectional scattering effects, which can be used to control waves in a directional fashion. In this thesis, a planar Non-Hermitian elastic metasurface exhibiting unidirectional focusing of flexural waves is proposed. Asymmetrically loaded piezoelectric disks and metallic blocks comprise the unit cells. By using a negative capacitance shunting, a tunable material loss is embedded into the system. With suitable engineering of the induced loss profile, resonating building blocks are designed, which are capable of independently accessing unidirectional zero reflection. A planar metasurface is then created so that constructive interference …
A Graph-Based Approach For Adaptive Serious Games, Nidhi G. Patel
A Graph-Based Approach For Adaptive Serious Games, Nidhi G. Patel
Theses and Dissertations
Traditional education systems are based on the one-size-fits-all approach, which lacks personalization, engagement, and flexibility necessary to meet the diverse needs and learning styles of students. This encouraged researchers to focus on exploring automated, personalized instructional systems to enhance students’ learning experiences. Motivated by this remark, this thesis proposes a personalized instructional system using a graph method to enhance a player’s learning process by preventing frustration and avoiding a monotonous experience. Our system uses a directional graph, called an action graph, for representing solutions to in-game problems based on possible player actions. Through our proposed algorithm, a serious game integrated …