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Articles 1 - 30 of 131
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Self-Fluidization Of Fastly-Moving Granular Gravity Currents With Implication On Pyroclastic Flows, Piero Bareschino, Antonio Marzocchella, Piero Salatino, Teresita Gravina, Lucio Lirer, Paola Petrosino
Self-Fluidization Of Fastly-Moving Granular Gravity Currents With Implication On Pyroclastic Flows, Piero Bareschino, Antonio Marzocchella, Piero Salatino, Teresita Gravina, Lucio Lirer, Paola Petrosino
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The fast motion of gravity currents of group A granular solids is studied with a focus on the dynamical structure of the frontal zone. The frontal zone of the current is “immobilized” and observed in a fixed frame of reference by letting the current flow inside a rotary drum, big enough to make curvature effects negligible. The establishment of a variety of flow regimes, including intermittent avalanching, periodic “plunging breaking” and permanent fluidization of the granular solids in the frontal zone, can be related to flow conditions and to the nature of the granular solids.
A Computational Study Of The Distribution Of Particles In A Lab-Scale Cfb Boiler, Kim G. Hansen, Tron Solberg, Bjorn H. Hjertager
A Computational Study Of The Distribution Of Particles In A Lab-Scale Cfb Boiler, Kim G. Hansen, Tron Solberg, Bjorn H. Hjertager
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
When two-fluid modeling is used to predict riser flows there have been difficulties in predicting the solids hold up in risers represented by the correct pressure drop profile. A way of encountering this inherent problem in current Eulerian-Eulerian CFD modeling is to approximate the actual particle size distribution by using more particle phases instead of the current practice of using one mean diameter. For the lab-scale CFB investigated, CFD simulations show that a mal-distribution occurs in the CFB; the larger particles are retained in the riser, whereas the intermediate and small particles are distributed both in the return leg and …
Flow Structures In The Bottom Region Of Riser, Haiyan Zhu, Jesse Zhu
Flow Structures In The Bottom Region Of Riser, Haiyan Zhu, Jesse Zhu
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
This paper studied hydrodynamic characteristics in bottom region of CFB risers with FCC particles over a wide range of operating conditions. Results included solids concentration, particle velocity, and probability density distributions. Comparisons were made between flow structures in riser bottom region and that in bubbling and turbulent fluidized bed.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of A Fluidized Bed With Rotating Distributor, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas, D. Santana
Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of A Fluidized Bed With Rotating Distributor, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas, D. Santana
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The performance of a novel rotating distributor fluidized bed is presented. The pressure drop and the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations, σp, were used to find the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf, and to characterize the quality of fluidization at different rotational speeds of the distributor plate. Experiments were conducted in the freely bubbling regime in a 0.19 m i.d. fluidized bed, operating with Group B particles according to Geldart’s classification. A decrease in Umf is observed when the rotational speed increases. Frequency analysis of pressure fluctuations shows that fluidization can be controlled by the adjustable rotational speed, at several excess …
Friction Between Gas-Solid Suspension And Circulating Fluidized Bed Downers, Xiaobo Qi, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu
Friction Between Gas-Solid Suspension And Circulating Fluidized Bed Downers, Xiaobo Qi, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Friction between co-current downflow gas-solid suspension and the column wall was investigated. A new model to predict pressure drops due to friction between the gas-solid suspension in the fully developed section and the downer wall was developed. The results show that the friction between the gas-solids suspension and the downer wall causes a significant deviation of the apparent solids concentrations from the actual ones, especially for those operating conditions with higher superficial gas velocities and solids circulation rates. When the superficial gas velocity is greater than 8 m/s, the actual solids concentrations in the fully developed region of the downer …
Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault
Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The local gas velocity and the intensity of the gas turbulence in a gas/solid flow are a required measurement in validating the gas and solids flow structure predicted by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models in fluid bed and transport reactors. The high concentration and velocities of solids, however, make the use of traditional gas velocity measurement devices such as pitot tubes, hot wire anemometers and other such devices difficult. A method of determining these velocities has been devised at the National Energy Technology Laboratory employing tracer gas. The technique developed measures the time average local axial velocity gas component of …
Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi
Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Catalytic ozone decomposition was conducted in an 8.20 m high, 0.09 m inner diameter downer. The ozone concentration profiles were measured under a series of operating conditions. It is found that the ozone distribution in a downer is generally more uniform both axially and laterally than in a riser, and that there exists a relatively significant non-uniform distribution in the entrance acceleration region of the downer.he increase of solid mass flow rate will slightly increase the ozone decomposition. In addition, the acceleration region has a great effect on the reaction.
On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg
On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The motion of fuidised granular currents over horizontal surfaces is investigated experi- mentally and by mathematical modelling of solid and fluid phases. Analytical solutions for the bulk motion were tested by experiments involving material being introduced at a constant volume flux, and a reasonable agreement found between theoretical predictions and laboratory measurements.
Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei
Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Simple and rapid dynamic tests were used to evaluate fluid dynamic behavior of granular materials in the transport regime. Particles with densities ranging from 189 to 2,500 kg/m3 and Sauter mean size from 61 to 812 μm were tested in a 0.305 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser. The transient tests involved the abrupt stoppage of solids flow for each granular material over a wide range gas flow rates. The riser emptying time was linearly related to the Froude number in each of three different operating regimes. The flow structure along the height of the riser …
Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan
Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Recent measurement of solid concentration in gas-solid riser flows by Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) reveals a strong heterogeneous structure, typically represented by a core-annulus-wall zone pattern. In this paper we present a mechanistic model in which the formation of the heterogeneous structure is due to the radial migration of solid flow from the wall toward center as well as due to the non-uniform acceleration of solids across the cross-section near the bottom of the riser. Firstly we present the general governing equations and discuss problem closure; then a simplified model with one-way flow coupling between the wall region and the …
Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth
Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
First investigations on liquid feed injection in a high density circulating fluidized bed of FCC particles were done by means of fast responding thermocouples, capacitance and conductivity probes. The results imply very limited radial mixing between dry solids, wet solids and liquid for the injection parallel to the hot up-streaming gas-solid flow.
Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam
Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Flow regime study was conducted in a 0.3 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with an abrupt exit at the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy. Local particle velocities were measured at various radial positions and riser heights using an optical fiber probe. On-line measurement of solid circulating rate was continuously recorded by the Spiral. Glass beads of mean diameter 61 μm and particle density of 2,500 kg/m3 were used as bed material. The CFB riser was operated at various superficial gas velocities ranging from 3 to 7.6 m/s and solid …
Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace
Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
An extensive experimental investigation of radial profiles of concentration -weighted particle velocities was carried out by simultaneously measuring local transient particle velocity, solids concentration and solids flux using a three-fibre optical probe at five axial levels and seven radial locations in a 0.2 m diameter riser operating over a wide range of solids circulation fluxes (198 to 350 kg/m 2s) and superficial gas velocities (6 to 8 m/s). Particle velocities averaged over time and concentration-weighted particle velocities were compared and found to differ from each other, the latter being smaller than the former at most radial locations. The difference, which …
Solids Flux, Velocity And Local Solid Fraction Measurements In A Cfb Riser, Ronald W. Breault, Christopher Guenther
Solids Flux, Velocity And Local Solid Fraction Measurements In A Cfb Riser, Ronald W. Breault, Christopher Guenther
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
In this investigation a fiber-optic probe and an extraction solids probe are used to measure particle velocities and solids flux values. These are subsequently used to determine the local solids fractions as a function of radial position in a cold flow circulating fluidized bed (CFCFB) in operation at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Measurements were taken under several separate operating conditions ranging from dilute up-flow to core-annular flow to fast fluidization using nominal 800 micron cork particles. The solids properties and test operating conditions were chosen particularly to provide dynamic similitude between the test data and the operation of …
Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri
Detection Of Gas Bypassing Due To Jet Streaming In Deep Fluidized Beds Of Group A Particles, Allan S. Issangya, Ted Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Tests were conducted in deep fluidized beds with and without gas bypassing to develop a technique to detect jet streaming. By placing differential pressure (DP) transmitters across a middle section of the fluidized bed, it was found that jet streaming can be detected by analyzing the DP fluctuations.
Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin
Understanding The Hydrodynamics In A 2-Dimensional Downer By Cfd-Dem Simulation, Yongzhi Zhao, Yi Cheng, Yulong Ding, Yong Jin
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The gas-solid flows in a 2-dimensional downer were simulated using a CFD-DEM method. The predicted macro-scale flow structure had good agreement with the experiments. The distinct clustering phenomena at meso-scale were revealed throughout the downer. Influences of the collision properties of the wall and the particles on the hydrodynamics in downer were investigated.
Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan
Study Of High Velocity Attrition Nozzles In A Fluidized Bed, Jennifer Mcmillan, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti, Edward W. Chan
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The objective of this study was to test different high velocity attrition nozzles and operating conditions in order to determine the effects of various parameters on the grinding efficiency. Nozzle geometry, as well as gas properties such as speed of sound and density had a significant impact on the grinding efficiency. In addition, a model was developed in order to understand the particle breakage mechanisms during particle attrition. The model showed that the primary attrition mechanism was the splitting of particles rather than their erosion.
Improving The Conversion In Fluidised Beds With Secondary Injection, Dana Christensen, John Nijenhuis, J. Ruud Van Ommen, Marc-Oliver Coppens
Improving The Conversion In Fluidised Beds With Secondary Injection, Dana Christensen, John Nijenhuis, J. Ruud Van Ommen, Marc-Oliver Coppens
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The effect of secondary injection on the performance of a fluidised bed reactor has been studied. A modified Kunii and Levenspiel model was used to predict the effect on conversion and indicates that the reduction in bubble size caused by secondary injection results in a significant increase. This effect was confirmed experimentally, although the model appears to underestimate the experimental values.
Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley
Effect Of Particle Size Distribution On The Performance Of A Catalytic Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sanjib Das Sharma, Todd S. Pugsley
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to model ozone decomposition in a two-dimensional fluidized bed of 2.0 meters height and 0.1 m width. Simulations were carried out with mono-size, bimodal, and wide catalyst particle size distributions with the same mean diameter to model the effect of fines on the reaction. CFD predictions fall within 20% of the experimental data.
A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri
A Cfd Study Into The Influence Of The Particle Particle Drag Force On The Dynamics Of Binary Gas Solid Fluidized Beds, Olumuyiwa Owoyemi, Paola Lettieri
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
This paper presents a preliminary CFD study into the effect of the particle-particle interphase mo- mentum transfer term on the mixing and bubble dynamics of a binary gas solid fluidized consisting of particles which only differ in size. A new fluid dynamic model, implemented within a commercial CFD code, CFX4.4, is used to model the binary mixture. The governing fluid dynamic relationships for the solid phases and the fluid phase are based on “the elastic force” concept from the Particle Bed Model (1, 2). The solids pressure for each of the particulate phases is not taken into consideration in this …
The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara
The Influence Of Distributor Design On Fluidized Bed Dryer Hydrodynamics, Michael Wormsbecker, Todd S. Pugsley, Helen Tanfara
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The influence of perforated plate, punched plate and Dutch weave mesh distributor designs on fluidized bed dryer hydrodynamics was studied for a range of bed loadings and superficial gas velocities. The punched plate performs better than the other designs at a gas velocity of 1.5 m/s and bed loadings greater than 1.0 kg.
Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen
Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Local Capacitive Measurement Devices With Application To Cfd Validation, Clay R. Sutton, John Chen
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The Two-Fluid Model (TFM) approach to modeling fluid-solid systems holds great promise as a means to simulate arbitrary systems, thus greatly reducing design and scale-up efforts. Unfortunately, comprehensive experimental validations of these models are still in short supply. This work addresses this issue by proposing a framework under which to relate computational fluid dynamics model results with experimental measurements on a one-to-one basis. Specifically this is performed for the case of local solids concentration transients in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed. The manner in which this comparison is performed has implications for the conclusions that may be drawn for a …
Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio
Homogeneous To Bubbling Regime Transition In Gas- And Liquid-Fluidized Beds Through Dem-Cfd Simulations, Alberto Di Renzo, Francesco P. Di Maio
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
DEM-CFD simulations are carried out for the water fluidization of 200 micron glass ballotini and air fluidization of cohesionless alumina 70 micron powders. In the first case, homogeneous expansion is found throughout the whole investigated range of water velocity. Alumina powders exhibits a transition to bubbling regime at a voidage value in very good agreement with results of the theory of particle bed stability. The simulated kinematic and dynamic wave propagation velocities are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Study Of Horizontal Sonic Gas Jets In Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, Matt Dawe, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti
Study Of Horizontal Sonic Gas Jets In Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds, Matt Dawe, Cedric Briens, Franco Berruti
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The objective of this study was to measure the jet boundaries of sonic gas jets in a gas-solid fluidized bed using triboelectric probes. An empirical correlation was developed to predict jet penetration based on the results. This correlation was compared with existing correlations developed for sub-sonic gas jets.
A New Fluid Dynamic Model For The Cfd Simulations Of Fluidized Beds, Luca Mazzei, Paola Lettieri
A New Fluid Dynamic Model For The Cfd Simulations Of Fluidized Beds, Luca Mazzei, Paola Lettieri
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A new Eulerian-Eulerian multidimensional model is proposed for the study of the dynamics of dense fluidized suspensions. The main distinctive feature of this new formulation of the equations of motion resides in the closure relationships adopted to express the fluid-particle interaction force. The force accounts for three contributions: buoyant force, drag force and elastic force. The buoyant force is related to the weight of the fluid displaced by the particles. The drag force is expressed as the product of the drag exerted on an unhindered particle, subject to the same volumetric flux of fluid, and a “corrective function” dependent on …
An Investigation Of Fluidized Bed Scaling Laws By Dem Simulation, John Sanderson, Martin J Rhodes, X. Shan Wang, K. Seng Lim
An Investigation Of Fluidized Bed Scaling Laws By Dem Simulation, John Sanderson, Martin J Rhodes, X. Shan Wang, K. Seng Lim
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
A preliminary investigation of the scaling laws for bubbling fluidized beds was undertaken using Discrete Element Method simulation. Six 2D and two 3D fluidized beds were simulated and compared using bed snapshots and dynamic pressure drop. Beds properly matched by the simplified criteria were in relatively poor agreement; agreement deteriorated further for a large scale change or a particle density mis-match. Simulations matched by the full scaling criteria agreed well at low velocities but deteriorated at higher velocities. The possible reasons for these results are discussed.
Numerical Study Of The Intrinsic And Feedback Dynamics Of A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed, F. Bonniol, C. Sierra, R. Occelli, H. Bournot, L. Tadrist
Numerical Study Of The Intrinsic And Feedback Dynamics Of A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed, F. Bonniol, C. Sierra, R. Occelli, H. Bournot, L. Tadrist
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The aim of this paper is to understand the complex spatio-temporal patterning of the dense bed when the inlet conditions can be modified by the bed itself. In this study, the inlet conditions (fluid pressure and velocity upstream the bed) take into account resistive effects from the distributor and capacitive ones from the air-supply system (plenum). The present work addresses particularly the issue of the transition between multiple and single bubble regimes that occurs for some particular inlet conditions.
Comparison Of Simulated And Measured Flow Patterns: Solid And Gas Mixing In A 2d Turbulent Fluidized Bed, Ulla Ojaniemi, Sirpa Kallio, Alf Hermanson, Mikko Manninen, Maiju Seppälä, Veikko Taivassalo
Comparison Of Simulated And Measured Flow Patterns: Solid And Gas Mixing In A 2d Turbulent Fluidized Bed, Ulla Ojaniemi, Sirpa Kallio, Alf Hermanson, Mikko Manninen, Maiju Seppälä, Veikko Taivassalo
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
Results from experiments done in a 2D turbulent fluidized bed cold model are presented. Experiments were conducted to study flow patterns, particle mixing in the bed and spreading of gas blown from one side into the bed. 2D simulations of the experiments were carried out using the Eulerian multiphase models of the Fluent and MFIX CFD softwares.
A Dem Study Of Geldart Group A Particle Bed Fluidisation Behavior Across The Regimes, Fang Yang, David K. Kafui, C. Thornton, J.P.K. Seville
A Dem Study Of Geldart Group A Particle Bed Fluidisation Behavior Across The Regimes, Fang Yang, David K. Kafui, C. Thornton, J.P.K. Seville
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The objective of the study is to identify the transitions in bed behavior as the gas velocity is increased to cover the complete range from minimum fluidization through bubbling and turbulent behavior to pneumatic transport. The simulation data is examined in terms of computer visualizations, the rate of change of average bed voidage and pressure drop fluctuations.
Prediction Of The Dynamics Of A Fluidized Bed Reactor Using Artificial Neural Networks, Shayan Karimipour, Navid Mostoufi, Rahmat Sotudeh -Gharebagh
Prediction Of The Dynamics Of A Fluidized Bed Reactor Using Artificial Neural Networks, Shayan Karimipour, Navid Mostoufi, Rahmat Sotudeh -Gharebagh
The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering
The dynamic behavior of fluidized bed has been studied based on the chaos theory. The experiments were done in a fluidized bed of 0.15 m diameter using an optical fiber probe. The interval between successive clusters in the fluidized bed were calculated from the time series signals and proved to be chaotic by calculating the correlation dimension. An artificial neural network (ANN) was adapted and trained to predict the generated time series. The ANN results were compared with the predictions of the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method to show the superiority of ANN in chaotic time series prediction.