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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Design Of A New Electromagnetic Valve With A Hybrid Pm/Em Actuator In Si Engines, Ly Vinh Dat, Yaojung Shiao
Design Of A New Electromagnetic Valve With A Hybrid Pm/Em Actuator In Si Engines, Ly Vinh Dat, Yaojung Shiao
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Numerous devices have been developed for controlling valve timings in SI engines. Among them, the electromagnetic valve train (EMV) actuator can fully control valve timings to improve fuel consumption and emission. In addition, an EMV with a permanent-magnet and electromagnetic-coil (PM/EM) hybrid actuator has several advantages of control, energy consumption, and time response compared over conventional EMVs. This paper proposes a novel EMV with a PM/EM hybrid actuator that differs considerably from existing EMVs. Finite element analysis was used for analyzing the EMV design. The optimization was based on criteria that ensured the EMV to satisfy holding forces in closed …
Effective Orifice Area Of A Newly Developed Polyurethane Aortic Valve: Manufacturing And Evaluation, Wu-Chiao Shih, Ha-Hai Vu, Cheung-Hwa Hsu, Kai-Wen Yang, Yaw-Hong Kang
Effective Orifice Area Of A Newly Developed Polyurethane Aortic Valve: Manufacturing And Evaluation, Wu-Chiao Shih, Ha-Hai Vu, Cheung-Hwa Hsu, Kai-Wen Yang, Yaw-Hong Kang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
An optimal design for a polyurethane (PU) aortic valve was developed in a previous study. The current study investigated an approach for manufacturing PU aortic valves, evaluating the effective orifice areas (EOAs) of the prototypes. Two manufacturing approaches, assembly and single-piece forming methods, were developed. In the assembly method, support frames and valve leaflets were manufactured separately and then glued together by using an adhesive substance. By contrast, in the single-piece forming method, two main components of the valve were fabricated simultaneously by using a molding technique. This study established an experimental loop that mimics natural circulation from the left …
Modeling And Control Of A Novel Ball Screw Mechanism, Wen-Hsiang Hsieh, Kai-Bi Chang
Modeling And Control Of A Novel Ball Screw Mechanism, Wen-Hsiang Hsieh, Kai-Bi Chang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This study proposes a systematic approach for the design and control of a novel ball screw transmission system. We investigated the structure of the system, performed kinematic analysis, and conducted dimensional synthesis by optimization. The mathematical model of the system was determined by system identification and a refined PID controller was designed. Computer simulation was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed design. A prototype machine and an experimental setup were built and tested. The experimental results show that the output with the controller agrees well with the required output. Therefore, the proposed design can produce the expected output …
Contour Data Acquisition System For Electric Vehicle Distance Estimation System, Kuew Wai Chew, Chee Ken Leong
Contour Data Acquisition System For Electric Vehicle Distance Estimation System, Kuew Wai Chew, Chee Ken Leong
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The conventional distance estimation system only uses a constant speed and a constant level of road elevation to estimate the driving range of a vehicle. This technique leads to low prediction accuracy. In this project, a new estimation technique namely the Contour Positioning System (CPS) for an electric vehicle is proposed. The CPS provides a more reliable estimation of the electric vehicle battery energy usage by taking into consideration additional factors such as road elevation and regenerative braking energy. In order to perform the CPS calculation, first and foremost, the elevation profile of the selected destination must be determined. In …
Applying Fuzzy Logic Controller To Intelligent Solar Panel Cleaning System, Cong-Hui Huang
Applying Fuzzy Logic Controller To Intelligent Solar Panel Cleaning System, Cong-Hui Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents an intelligent solar panel cleaning system that utilizes a fuzzy logic controller. The output voltage of the solar panel is applied to calculate whether to activate the cleaning mechanism. The direction and position of the system is set using a light sensor that is parallel to the direction of the sunlight. The data from the light sensors, combined with fuzzy logic control software developed using LabVIEW, determine the control commands (stop, forward, and reverse) for the stepper motors controlling the cleaning process. The cleaning process, which is repeated until the power output from the solar panels is …
Discoid And Asymmetrical Gyroless Micro-Satellite Off-Modulation Attitude Control With Kalman Filter, Ho-Nien Shou
Discoid And Asymmetrical Gyroless Micro-Satellite Off-Modulation Attitude Control With Kalman Filter, Ho-Nien Shou
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The gyroless attitude control method and kalman algorithm procedures presented in this paper are applicable to asymmetrical microsatellites of any shape with large mass variation and without angular rate sensors. The attitude sensors include a three-axis magnetometer, a horizon sensor, and a coarse sun sensor (CSS), which together serve as an analytic platform and help in ensuring the stability of attitude controls. The attitude control problem of microsatellites has become a focal point because microsatellite fabrication processes are short, costless, and can be flexibly used for various purposes. The center of mass of the microsatellite can be offset because of …
Periodic Damage Evaluation Of Aging Offshore Jackets Based On Continuous Dynamic Tests, Fu-Shun Liu, Hong-Chao Lu, Wei-Ying Wang, Dong-Ping Yang
Periodic Damage Evaluation Of Aging Offshore Jackets Based On Continuous Dynamic Tests, Fu-Shun Liu, Hong-Chao Lu, Wei-Ying Wang, Dong-Ping Yang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This study proposes a new method for evaluating the damage of aging offshore platforms, based on dynamic tests. The proposed method involves a new damage indicator for reducing the effects of occurred damages accumulated before the first measurement. One theoretical improvement is that the requirement of using the stiffness matrix of the finite element model to replace that of the measured model can be ignored in calculating the modal strain energy of the measured model. The other development is that the proposed approach can be used for providing reasonable evaluations of damages that occurred between two adjacent dynamic tests. This …
Fault Diagnosis And Performance Assessment For A Rotary Actuator Based On Neural Network Observer, Jian Ma, Xin Li, Chen Lu, Zi-Li Wang
Fault Diagnosis And Performance Assessment For A Rotary Actuator Based On Neural Network Observer, Jian Ma, Xin Li, Chen Lu, Zi-Li Wang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Substantial damage may occur when a rotary actuator fails during operation. Therefore, effective fault diagnosis of a rotary actuator is crucial to ensuring the safety of the device. However, only a few studies on fault detection, fault isolation, and performance assessment have focused on rotary actuators. In this study, fault detection and fault isolation processes were implemented by designing two observers based on a neural network, and a method that assesses the performance of the rotary actuator is proposed. First, two observers are established according to the structure of the rotary actuator. Data in their normal state are used to …
Preface, Wen-Hsiang Hsieh
Preface, Wen-Hsiang Hsieh
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
No abstract provided.
Research On Sealing Performance Of Hydrostatic Pressure Mechanical Seal, Wei-Bing Zhu, He-Shun Wang, Sheng-Ren Zhou
Research On Sealing Performance Of Hydrostatic Pressure Mechanical Seal, Wei-Bing Zhu, He-Shun Wang, Sheng-Ren Zhou
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The hydrostatic pressure mechanical seal has many advantages, and it can be used in rotating machines with lower speed. Based on the externally pressurized stable gas lubrication theory, the control equation of end face flow field for hydrostatic pressure mechanical seal with orifice compensation was established. The functional extremum algorithm and the finite element method were used to solve this equation. The effects of gas film thickness, air supply pressure, throttle orifice number and diameter, on face opening force and gas film stiffness were discussed in detail. The results show that the opening force decreases with the widening of face …
Performance Evaluation Of Three Types Of Passive Micromixer With Convergent-Divergent Sinusoidal Walls, Arshad Afzal, Kwang-Yong Kim
Performance Evaluation Of Three Types Of Passive Micromixer With Convergent-Divergent Sinusoidal Walls, Arshad Afzal, Kwang-Yong Kim
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A passive split-and-recombination micromixer with convergent-divergent channel walls of sinusoidal variation has been investigated using numerical simulations. With water and ethanol as working fluids, the analysis was performed using Navier-Stokes equations with convection-diffusion model in a Reynolds number range, 10 Re 70. Performances of three configurations with different split-and-recombination arrangements were evaluated in terms of mixing index and pressure drop. A parametric study was also conducted with two geometrical parameters, i.e., the ratios of throat-width to diameter of circular wall and diameter of circular wall to amplitude. The results showed a significant dependence of the mixing performance on …
Synthetic Physical Models For Animating Unsteady Fish Motions, Shyh-Kuang Ueng, Hong-Kai Chen
Synthetic Physical Models For Animating Unsteady Fish Motions, Shyh-Kuang Ueng, Hong-Kai Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents physical models for simulating unsteady fish motions, including bursting, gliding, braking, turning, ascending and descending. A new wave model, the controllable body wave model, is developed to undulate the fish body to produce bursting and gliding motions. A key frame approach is adopted to realize braking, turning, descending and ascending. In the key frame method, individual motions are decomposed into sequences of key steps. The gestures of the fish in these key steps are recorded and regarded as key frames. In the run time, these recorded key frames are sequentially reproduced to generate swimming patterns. In addition …
Development Of An Intelligent Energy Saving Heat Pump For Water Heater With Fuzzy Logic Controller, Cong-Hui Huang
Development Of An Intelligent Energy Saving Heat Pump For Water Heater With Fuzzy Logic Controller, Cong-Hui Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
There is a growing awareness of the importance of using clean and environmentally friendly sources of energy. This paper presents the development of an intelligent energy saving heat pump for a water heater with a fuzzy logic controller that analyzes the heating efficiency of the heat pump heater. The fuzzy logic controller is employed for developing a heating algorithm to raise the efficiency of the heat pump heater and suppress unnecessary heating at high temperatures. Experimental results show that our heat pump heater produces an energy saving of 60% of total energy input, compared to the 23% for a gas …
A Study On Optimization Of Ship Hull Form Based On Neuro-Response Surface Method (Nrsm), Soon-Sub Lee, Jae-Chul Lee, Sung-Chul Shin, Soo-Young Kim, Hyun-Sik Yoon
A Study On Optimization Of Ship Hull Form Based On Neuro-Response Surface Method (Nrsm), Soon-Sub Lee, Jae-Chul Lee, Sung-Chul Shin, Soo-Young Kim, Hyun-Sik Yoon
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Building large and eco-friendly ships has become a clear trend in the ship building industry. Research to minimize ship resistance has actively been investigated for energy savings and environmental protection. However, optimization of the full geometry, while taking into account the hydrodynamic performance is difficult because extensive time is needed to calculate the performance factors, such as the resistance and propulsion. Hence we suggest an optimal design framework based on the neuro-response surface method (NRSM) for optimal shape design in consideration of hydrodynamic performance. The optimization algorithm of the constructed framework consists of the back-propagation neural network (BPN) and the …
Nonlinear Wave Evolution Above Rectangular Submerged Structures, Jaw-Fang Lee, Lih-Fu Tu, Cheng-Chi Liu
Nonlinear Wave Evolution Above Rectangular Submerged Structures, Jaw-Fang Lee, Lih-Fu Tu, Cheng-Chi Liu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this study, an analytic approach for the complete second-order solution proposed by Sulisz and Hudspeth [13] was applied to solve a problem of waves propagating over a rectangular submerged structure. In addition, nonlinear wave evolutions above the submerged structure were studied. The nonlinear problem was expressed up to the second-order boundary value problems by using a Taylor series expansion and the perturbation method. In solving the problem, the nonhomogeneous problem was divided into Stokes wave and free wave counterparts. The solutions of neighboring regions were combined and solved by applying kinematic and dynamic matching conditions. Convergence of the presented …
Analytical Solution For Long-Wave Scattering By A Submerged Cylinder In An Axi-Symmetrical Pit, Huan-Wen Liu, Xiao-Ling Sun
Analytical Solution For Long-Wave Scattering By A Submerged Cylinder In An Axi-Symmetrical Pit, Huan-Wen Liu, Xiao-Ling Sun
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper proposes an analytical solution to the long-wave equation for waves propagating over a submerged cylinder located in a pit. The pit was assumed to be axi-symmetrical and convex or concave in shape, which may represent a submerged sill being scoured at its toe. Techniques of variable separation and Taylor series expansion were applied to find the analytical solution. It is found that Longuet-Higgins’ classical analytical solutions for waves scattered by a submerged circular sill and by a submerged circular pit are actually special cases of the present analytical solution. By using this analytical solution, the influence of the …
Analysis Of Rolled Piece Deformation In Straightening Process Using Fm-Bem, Hai-Lian Gui, Qiang Li, Yao Li, Pu Li, Qing-Xue Huang
Analysis Of Rolled Piece Deformation In Straightening Process Using Fm-Bem, Hai-Lian Gui, Qiang Li, Yao Li, Pu Li, Qing-Xue Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
Rolled piece deformation in a straightening process is regarded as an inverse problem of the plate bending problem. The straightening force was obtained accurately by applying the fast multipole boundary element method (FM-BEM) to the plate bending problem. Furthermore, the straightening process of a nine-roller straightening roller system with a variable roller distance was simulated using numerical analysis, and a function describing the neutral layer offset was obtained from an analysis of FM-BEM results. In this paper, the principle stress values and neutral layer offset of the microunits in the tension and compression regions are discussed. It is concluded that …
Simple Integral Fuzzy Control For Converters With Highly Nonlinear Dynamics, Kuang-Yow Lian, Chi-Wang Hong
Simple Integral Fuzzy Control For Converters With Highly Nonlinear Dynamics, Kuang-Yow Lian, Chi-Wang Hong
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A simple integral Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control scheme suitable for many types of converters is proposed in this paper. A converter with highly nonlinear characteristics, called active high power factor correction (AHPFC), is taken as an example to show the control scheme. Indeed, we can derive a linear controller to achieve zero output regulation error for the AHPFC converter. First, we include an integral error signal to form an augmented system. After translating the coordinate to the regulated point, we obtain the stabilization model. The model-based fuzzy approach is then used to handle the nonlinear system. The system stability is …
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Non-Newtonian Curved Circular Squeeze Films, Jaw-Ren Lin, Li-Ming Chu, Chi-Ren Hung, Rong-Fang Lu
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Non-Newtonian Curved Circular Squeeze Films, Jaw-Ren Lin, Li-Ming Chu, Chi-Ren Hung, Rong-Fang Lu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The squeeze film performances between curved circular plates lubricated with an electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid in the presence of external magnetic fields are investigated in this paper. Based upon the magneto-hydrodynamic flow theory together with the Stokes microcontinuum theory, the magneto-hydrodynamic non-Newtonian Reynolds equation is derived and applied to predict the curved circular squeeze film behaviors. Comparing with the hydrodynamic Newtonian case, the squeeze film characteristics for curved circular plates are improved by the use of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid in the presence of external magnetic fields. Numerical values of the load capacity and the approaching time are provided …
An Application Of Space Syntax To Critical Working Space Analysis: The Case Of Building Construction, Li-Wen Wu, Sy-Jye Guo
An Application Of Space Syntax To Critical Working Space Analysis: The Case Of Building Construction, Li-Wen Wu, Sy-Jye Guo
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
The definition of critical space used in this paper is identical to the critical path definition employed in the critical path method (CPM). This definition implies that there is no extra floating space; thus, any conflict is expected to result in productivity loss. Space syntax is a theory developed to reveal the hidden interrelationships between spaces using architectural diagrams. Existing studies have indicated the potential for space syntax to identify critical spaces and to assist in reducing conflicts leading to productivity loss. However, there is not yet quantitative evidence demonstrating whether the quantitative parameters of relative convenience and relative control …
A Residual-Norm Based Algorithm For Solving Determinate/Indeterminate Systems Of Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Yung-Wei Chen
A Residual-Norm Based Algorithm For Solving Determinate/Indeterminate Systems Of Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Yung-Wei Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this paper, a residual-norm based algorithm (RNBA) is applied to solve determinate/indeterminate systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. The RNBA is derived from a manifold and defined in terms of a squared residual norm and a fictitious time variable, from which a robust iterative algorithm with either fixing or adjusting parameters can be obtained. Besides, some convergent indexes, such as manifold factor A0 and ratio of residual errors S, are defined to indicate the manifold attracting effect. Through the convergent indexes, the convergent mechanism of the RNBA displays a Hopf bifurcation when approximating the true solutions. Several numerical examples, including …
Real-Time Load Balancing And Power Factor Correction Of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Unbalanced Systems With Dstatcom, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh
Real-Time Load Balancing And Power Factor Correction Of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Unbalanced Systems With Dstatcom, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents the design and implementation of a distribution-level static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) used for the real-time load compensation of three-phase, fourwire power distribution systems with unbalanced loads. First, use of the symmetrical components method derives a feedforward compensation scheme for the DSTATCOM. The system block diagram of the DSTATCOM is then built. A computer simulation is performed for preliminary verification. Finally, a hardware prototype is built using a TMS320C6711- based controller. Experimental results verify the functionality of the DSTATCOM.
Real-Time Load Balancing And Power Factor Correction Of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Unbalanced Systems With Dstatcom, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh
Real-Time Load Balancing And Power Factor Correction Of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Unbalanced Systems With Dstatcom, Wei-Neng Chang, Kuan-Dih Yeh
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper presents the design and implementation of a distribution-level static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) used for the real-time load compensation of three-phase, fourwire power distribution systems with unbalanced loads. First, use of the symmetrical components method derives a feedforward compensation scheme for the DSTATCOM. The system block diagram of the DSTATCOM is then built. A computer simulation is performed for preliminary verification. Finally, a hardware prototype is built using a TMS320C6711- based controller. Experimental results verify the functionality of the DSTATCOM.
Nonlinear Wave Evolution Above Rectangular Submerged Structures, Jaw-Fang Lee, Lih-Fu Tu, Cheng-Chi Liu
Nonlinear Wave Evolution Above Rectangular Submerged Structures, Jaw-Fang Lee, Lih-Fu Tu, Cheng-Chi Liu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this study, an analytic approach for the complete second-order solution proposed by Sulisz and Hudspeth [13] was applied to solve a problem of waves propagating over a rectangular submerged structure. In addition, nonlinear wave evolutions above the submerged structure were studied. The nonlinear problem was expressed up to the second-order boundary value problems by using a Taylor series expansion and the perturbation method. In solving the problem, the nonhomogeneous problem was divided into Stokes wave and free wave counterparts. The solutions of neighboring regions were combined and solved by applying kinematic and dynamic matching conditions. Convergence of the presented …
Analytical Solution For Long-Wave Scattering By A Submerged Cylinder In An Axi-Symmetrical Pit, Huan-Wen Liu, Xiao-Ling Sun
Analytical Solution For Long-Wave Scattering By A Submerged Cylinder In An Axi-Symmetrical Pit, Huan-Wen Liu, Xiao-Ling Sun
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
This paper proposes an analytical solution to the long-wave equation for waves propagating over a submerged cylinder located in a pit. The pit was assumed to be axi-symmetrical and convex or concave in shape, which may represent a submerged sill being scoured at its toe. Techniques of variable separation and Taylor series expansion were applied to find the analytical solution. It is found that Longuet-Higgins’ classical analytical solutions for waves scattered by a submerged circular sill and by a submerged circular pit are actually special cases of the present analytical solution. By using this analytical solution, the influence of the …
Simple Integral Fuzzy Control For Converters With Highly Nonlinear Dynamics, Kuang-Yow Lian, Chi-Wang Hong
Simple Integral Fuzzy Control For Converters With Highly Nonlinear Dynamics, Kuang-Yow Lian, Chi-Wang Hong
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A simple integral Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy control scheme suitable for many types of converters is proposed in this paper. A converter with highly nonlinear characteristics, called active high power factor correction (AHPFC), is taken as an example to show the control scheme. Indeed, we can derive a linear controller to achieve zero output regulation error for the AHPFC converter. First, we include an integral error signal to form an augmented system. After translating the coordinate to the regulated point, we obtain the stabilization model. The model-based fuzzy approach is then used to handle the nonlinear system. The system stability is …
A Residual-Norm Based Algorithm For Solving Determinate/Indeterminate Systems Of Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Yung-Wei Chen
A Residual-Norm Based Algorithm For Solving Determinate/Indeterminate Systems Of Non-Linear Algebraic Equations, Yung-Wei Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
In this paper, a residual-norm based algorithm (RNBA) is applied to solve determinate/indeterminate systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. The RNBA is derived from a manifold and defined in terms of a squared residual norm and a fictitious time variable, from which a robust iterative algorithm with either fixing or adjusting parameters can be obtained. Besides, some convergent indexes, such as manifold factor A0 and ratio of residual errors S, are defined to indicate the manifold attracting effect. Through the convergent indexes, the convergent mechanism of the RNBA displays a Hopf bifurcation when approximating the true solutions. Several numerical examples, including …
Flame Behavior Of Bifurcated Jets In A V-Shaped Bluff-Body Burner, Hsiu Feng Yang, Ching Min Hsu, Rong Fung Huang
Flame Behavior Of Bifurcated Jets In A V-Shaped Bluff-Body Burner, Hsiu Feng Yang, Ching Min Hsu, Rong Fung Huang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
A plane fuel jet bifurcated into two streams of jets by a V-shaped bluff-body burner with co-flowing air streams was studied. The flame behavior, length, and temperature distributions of the bifurcated jets were experimentally examined. Flame behavior was characterized by flame visualization and instantaneous photograph. The flame length characteristics was obtained by using the long-exposure flame images. The temperatures distributions were measured by using a finewire thermocouple. Three characteristic flame modes were revealed—attached flame, transitional flame, and lifted flame. The flame length and width of the bifurcated jets increase with the increase of the Rec in fixed Rea. The length …
Assessing Fishing Port Locations For Adaption Into Yacht Marinas In Taiwan, Ching-Min Yang, Chi-Chang Lai1, Long-Jing Wu, Jan-Jung Li
Assessing Fishing Port Locations For Adaption Into Yacht Marinas In Taiwan, Ching-Min Yang, Chi-Chang Lai1, Long-Jing Wu, Jan-Jung Li
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
As fishing resources gradually disappear, the original functions of fishing ports change. Modernizing traditional fishing ports is valuable for the fishing industry, tourism, and waterfront development. To determine suitable locations for such ports, an analytic hierarchy process and an interview survey were used to objectively analyze inputs from fishing port managers and yacht users. To establish additional yacht marinas in fishing ports, both groups attached importance to the “support of government and integration of policies” (rank and additive weight of manager : user = 1[0.185] : 2[0.119]). Therefore, inclusion of a complete and appropriate management mechanism must be emphasized during …
Offshore Structural Dynamic Analysis Considering Soil-Structure Interaction By A Coupled Bem And Meshfree Method, Min-Chou Tsai, Hsien Hua Lee, Tinh Quoc Bui, Chuanzeng Zhang
Offshore Structural Dynamic Analysis Considering Soil-Structure Interaction By A Coupled Bem And Meshfree Method, Min-Chou Tsai, Hsien Hua Lee, Tinh Quoc Bui, Chuanzeng Zhang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology
An investigation of dynamic offshore structure considering soil-structure interaction by a coupled approach based on boundary element and meshfree methods is presented. The moving Kriging interpolation is used for generating the shape functions because of possessing the Kronecker delta property, which makes easier in imposing the essential boundary conditions. The governing elastodynamic equations are transformed into a standard weak formulation. It is then discretized into a meshfree system of time-dependent equations, which are solved by the standard implicit Newmark time integration scheme. Numerical examples illustrating the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are presented and discussed in details. A …