Engineering Commons^™

Methodology For Validating Multi-Dimensional Engine Combustion Models And Fuel Surrogates Using An Optically Accessible Compression Ignition Engine, Xin Yu

Wayne State University Dissertations

In response to increasingly stringent engine emissions regulation, three dimensional in-cylinder combustion modeling is increasingly being used as a tool to optimize the combustion process and reduce the cost of experimental testing. Due to the complexity of the physical and chemical interactions involved in the in-cylinder combustion process, the engine combustion model consists of numerous sub-models developed under pre-defined initial and boundary conditions requiring further model calibration depending on different engine applications. Fuel surrogates, one of those sub-models developed for different combustion applications, may not capture all the behavior when applied to the varying temperature-pressure conditions present in a compression …

Building Computing-As-A-Service Mobile Cloud System, Kun Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

The last five years have witnessed the proliferation of smart mobile devices, the explosion of various mobile applications and the rapid adoption of cloud computing in business, governmental and educational IT deployment. There is also a growing trends of combining mobile computing and cloud computing as a new popular computing paradigm nowadays. This thesis envisions the future of mobile computing which is primarily affected by following three trends: First, servers in cloud equipped with high speed multi-core technology have been the main stream today. Meanwhile, ARM processor powered servers is growingly became popular recently and the virtualization on ARM systems …

Specialized Inter-Particle Interaction Lbm For Patterned Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Amal Saeed Yagub

Wayne State University Dissertations

SPECIALIZED INTER-PARTICLE INTERACTION LBM FOR PATTERNED SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES

by

AMAL S. YAGUB

ABSTRACT:

Superhydrophobic surface characteristics are important in many industrial applications, ranging from the textile to the military. It was observed that surfaces fabricated with nano/micro roughness can manipulate the droplet contact angle, thus providing an opportunity to control the droplet wetting characteristics. The Shan and Chen (SC) lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is a good numerical tool, which holds strong potentials to qualify for simulating droplets wettability. This is due to its realistic nature of droplet contact angle (CA) prediction on flat smooth surfaces. But SC-LBM was not able …

Formal Design Concept And Participant Behavior Analysis For Crowdsourcing Design, Jihoon Kim

Wayne State University Dissertations

Crowdsourcing has emerged as a new design resource for conceptual design process and multiple crowdsourcing services provide an opportunity for design idea collection and concept generation by crowds. However, few formal methods are available to extract and evaluate design concepts from the activities of the design crowd. Scarcity of information and non-guaranteed quality of contributions are often challenges to be tackled. To overcome the challenges, the research aims to answer how a system systematically extracts and represents the explicit or implicit hidden design concepts from crowdsourcing design activities and how crowdsourcing design activities of participants are captured as design information …

Biomechanical And Biological Evaluation Of A Model Of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following Noninvasive, Traumatic Rupture Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Tristan Maerz

Wayne State University Dissertations

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a prevalent condition following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). While numerous animal models of PTOA exist, most are based on surgical disruption of a stabilizing structure. In the rat, surgical ACL transection is the most commonly employed model, but it may introduce confounding biological factors due to surgery. The purpose of this dissertation was to utilize the tibial compression model of ACL injury to induce a noninvasive ACL rupture in the rat. First, a biomechanical characterization of four different loading protocols was undertaken, and a high-speed, high-displacement protocol was deemed optimal for inducing a …

Frontiers In Operations Research For Overcoming Barriers To Vehicle Electrification, Mahyar Movahed Nejad

Wayne State University Dissertations

Electric vehicles (EVs) hold many promises including diversification of the transportation energy feedstock and reduction of greenhouse gas and other emissions. However, achieving large-scale adoption of EVs presents a number of challenges resulting from a current lack of supporting infrastructure and difficulties in overcoming technological barriers. This dissertation addresses some of these challenges by contributing to the advancement of theories in the areas of network optimization and mechanism design.

To increase the electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), we propose a powertrain energy management control system that exploits energy efficiency dif- ferences of the electric machine and …

The Design And Vlsi Implementation Of Digital Arithmatic Processors - A Case Study Of A Generalized Pipeline Cellular Array, Yudi Xie

Wayne State University Theses

A generalized pipeline array appeared in IEEE transaction in 1974. The array appeared in a few textbooks on computer arithmetic. From time to time, a number of papers appeared which reflected the modifications of this array. The objective of this thesis is to present the design and VLSI implementation of this array, which can add, subtract, multiply, divide, square and square root of binary numbers. In this thesis, we suggest a step-by-step procedure by which the design can be sent to MOSIS and to get the fabricated chip back. The array has been extended from 5 rows to 7 rows …

Quantifying Magnetic Moments And Susceptibilities Of Small Cylindrical And Spherical Objects In Mri, Ching-Yi Hsieh

Wayne State University Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this PhD work is to develop a method for accurately quantifying effective magnetic moments and susceptibility of either cylindrical or spherical-like small objects from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A standard 3D gradient echo sequence with only one echo time is intended for our approach to measure the effective magnetic moment of a given object of interest. For the quantification of the susceptibility in the cylindrical objects at different orientations, a standard 3D gradient echo sequence with only one or two echo times is needed.

Methods: Our method is to sum over complex MR signals around the …

Edge Fracture Prediction Of Dual Phase Steels With Consideration Of Microstructures, Ming Wen

Wayne State University Dissertations

In recent years, Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) have been used for the lightweight structural design and manufacturing in automotive industry. This class of sheet metals are prone to edge fracture during stamping production, and the fracture often occurs at much lower strain than that predicted based on the forming limit curves. The uncertainty in predicting edge fracture represents a great challenge in the application of AHSS. This dissertation is focused on the better understanding of edge fracture phenomenon through experimental observation and computer modeling with the consideration of microstructure effect.

In this dissertation, Hole Expansion (HE) test was used …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Axonal Injury, Biomarker Expression And Mechanical Response In A Rodent Head Impact Acceleration Model, Yan Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the United States 1.4 million people sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, resulting in 235,000 hospitalizations and 50,000 fatalities annually. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a serious outcome of TBI that accounts for 40-50% of hospitalizations due to head injury and one third of the mortality due to TBI, and it is difficult to diagnose and evaluate. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine mechanical injury predictors for TAI and identify potential biomarkers to evaluate TAI.

In this dissertation, a modified Marmarou impact acceleration injury model was developed to allow the monitoring of velocity of the impactor …

Development Of A Human Heart Rate And Skin Temeprature Monitoring System, Giribabu Sinnapolu

Wayne State University Theses

Continuous heart rate monitors (CHRM) can give unique insights into a person's physiological and psychological state; however, existing CHRMs are not suitable for continuous monitoring because they do not provide beat-to-beat accuracy and comfort needed for all-day use. Our group is currently developing a miniature earlobe mounted CHRM system which is both comfortable and provides beat-to-beat accuracy, based on a miniature heart rate sensing technology developed previously in our lab. The objective of this thesis is to design low power system firmware to perform key tasks: i) acquire heart rate and skin temperature data from wearable sensors; ii) signal process …

Novel Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Pump, Lakshmi Mohanadas

Wayne State University Theses

The project involve the research and development of a pulsatile, complex or continuous flow in biological and non-biological systems implantable heart assist pump. Specifically as a 20% cardiac assist for persons from congestive heart failure and other cardiac abnormalities. The pulsatile cardiac assist pump would provide upto 20% of the blood pumping process from the venous supply to the arterial supply. Current pumps are largely complete bypass pumps or large volume pumps that produce significant long term blood cell damage resulting in thrombosis. Most are not pulsatile which offers a significant physiological advantage. The pump under development is designed to …

Programmable Dna Delivery To Cells Using Bioreducible Layer-By-Layer (Lbl) Polyelectrolyte Thin Films, Maria Muniz

Wayne State University Theses

Bioreducible, layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte films show great promise for use in biomedical implant and gene-delivery applications. These nanometer-scale thin films can easily be coated onto a variety of implantable surfaces or devices. To achieve proof of concept, HEK-293, NIH/3T3, RAW, and MC3T3 cells were transfected using plasmid DNA with the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP-DNA). In order to optimize transfection, a number of polyelectrolytes and biological components were systematically incorporated into the two similar basic LbL structures. Based on our previous degradation assays, it is shown that cellular interactions in vitro can break down the layers of the thin …

Evaluation Of An Architectural-Level Approach For Finding Security Vulnerabilities, Mohammad Anamul Haque

Wayne State University Theses

The cost of security vulnerabilities of a software system is high. As a result,

many techniques have been developed to find the vulnerabilities at development time. Of particular interest are static analysis techniques that can consider all possible executions of a system. But, static analysis can suffer from a large number of false positives.

A recently developed approach, Scoria, is a semi-automated static analysis that requires security architects to annotate the code, typecheck the annotations, extract a hierarchical object graph and write constraints in order to find security vulnerabilities in a system.

This thesis evaluates Scoria on three systems (sizes …

Visibility And Confidence Estimation Of An Onboard-Camera Image For An Intelligent Vehicle, Minglei Huang

Wayne State University Theses

More and more drivers nowadays enjoy the convenience brought by advanced driver assistances system (ADAS) including collision detection, lane keeping and ACC. However, many assistant functions are still constrained by weather and terrain. In the way towards automated driving, the need of an automatic condition detector is inevitable, since many solutions only work for certain conditions. When it comes to camera, which is most commonly used tool in lane detection, obstacle detection, visibility estimation is one of such important parameters we need to analyze.

Although many papers have proposed their own ways to estimate visibility range, there is little research …

Novel Incorportation Of Biomedical Engineering Algorithms (Bispectral Index Guided Or Anesthetic Concentration Guided) In Real-Time Decision Support To Prevent Intraoperative Awareness Using An Electronic Anesthesia Information Mananagement System, Amy Melanie Shanks

Wayne State University Dissertations

Background: Intraoperative awareness with explicit recall (AWR) is a feared complication of surgery that can lead to significant psychological distress. Several large prospective trials have been completed comparing two methods of monitoring anesthetic depth [minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) or electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring using the bispectral index (BIS)] for the prevention of AWR. However, these trials were conducted in high risk populations, limiting generalizability.

Research Hypothesis: Real-time decision support with Anesthesia Information Management System alerts based on a novel anesthetic concentration algorithm (incorporating the use of intravenous anesthetics) or an EEG-guided algorithm will reduce the known incidence of AWR.

Methods: First, …

Frequency Domain Ultrasound Waveform Tomography Breast Imaging, Gursharan Singh Sandhu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Ultrasound tomography is an emerging modality for imaging breast tissue for the detection of disease. Using the principles of full waveform inversion, high-resolution quantitative sound speed and attenuation maps of the breast can be created. In this thesis, we introduce some basic principles of imaging breast disease and the formalism of sound wave propagation. We present numerical methods to model acoustic wave propagation as well methods to solve the corresponding inverse problem. Numerical simulations of sound speed and attenuation reconstructions are used to assess the efficacy of the algorithm. A careful review of the preprocessing techniques needed for the successful …