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Articles 31 - 46 of 46
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
New Isomeric Silicones: Synthesis, Compositions And Surface Properties, Yan Cong
New Isomeric Silicones: Synthesis, Compositions And Surface Properties, Yan Cong
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents research performed in the field of silicone polymer science, which refers to polymers with alternating silicon-oxygen backbones. Three research topics will be explored. The first topic involves the synthesis of trimethylsiloxysilsesquioxane (MT) copolymers with vinyl and hydride functionalities as reactive liquid silicone precursors. The second topic describes titration of dimethylsiloxy (D) composition into trimethylsiloxysilsesquioxane (MT) copolymers for the purpose of controlling the mechanical properties and thermal stabilities of the material. The last topic explores the modification of hydrophobic silicone surfaces with oxygen plasma to form silica-like, hydrophilic surfaces and the behaviors of hydrophobic recovery. The first chapter …
Moving Polygon Methods For Incompressible Fluid Dynamics, Chris Chartrand
Moving Polygon Methods For Incompressible Fluid Dynamics, Chris Chartrand
Doctoral Dissertations
Hybrid particle-mesh numerical approaches are proposed to solve incompressible fluid flows. The methods discussed in this work consist of a collection of particles each wrapped in their own polygon mesh cell, which then move through the domain as the flow evolves. Variables such as pressure, velocity, mass, and momentum are located either on the mesh or on the particles themselves, depending on the specific algorithm described, and each will be shown to have its own advantages and disadvantages. This work explores what is required to obtain local conservation of mass, momentum, and convergence for the velocity and pressure in a …
Solidification Experiments And Magnetohydrodynamic Models In Electromagnetic Levitation, Gwendolyn Bracker
Solidification Experiments And Magnetohydrodynamic Models In Electromagnetic Levitation, Gwendolyn Bracker
Doctoral Dissertations
Electromagnetic levitation (EML) is a technique for containerless processing. The unique environment of containerless processing allows for the study of highly reactive melts at elevated temperatures. In containerless processing, the interface between a melt and its container is removed, reducing chemical contamination. In addition, levitation techniques reduce the available heterogeneous nucleation sites, providing greater access to the undercooled region for solidification studies. Levitation techniques provide the environment to study the fundamental behavior and thermophysical properties of liquid metals. During electromagnetic levitation experiments, magnetohydrodynamic flow is driven in the sample by the electromagnetic force field. This flow can have various effects …
Decision-Analytic Models Using Reinforcement Learning To Inform Dynamic Sequential Decisions In Public Policy, Seyedeh Nazanin Khatami
Decision-Analytic Models Using Reinforcement Learning To Inform Dynamic Sequential Decisions In Public Policy, Seyedeh Nazanin Khatami
Doctoral Dissertations
We developed decision-analytic models specifically suited for long-term sequential decision-making in the context of large-scale dynamic stochastic systems, focusing on public policy investment decisions. We found that while machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms provide the most suitable frameworks for such analyses, multiple challenges arise in its successful adaptation. We address three specific challenges in two public sectors, public health and climate policy, through the following three essays. In Essay I, we developed a reinforcement learning (RL) model to identify optimal sequence of testing and retention-in-care interventions to inform the national strategic plan “Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US”. …
Computational Study Of Internal Flow, Near Nozzle And External Spray Of A Gdi Injector Under Flash-Boiling Conditions, Chinmoy Krushna Mohapatra
Computational Study Of Internal Flow, Near Nozzle And External Spray Of A Gdi Injector Under Flash-Boiling Conditions, Chinmoy Krushna Mohapatra
Doctoral Dissertations
The early and late portions of transient fuel injection have proven to be a rich area
of research, especially since the end of injection can cause a disproportionate amount
of emissions in direct injection internal combustion engines. While simulating the
internal flow of fuel injectors, valve opening and closing events are the perennial
challenges. A typical adaptive-mesh CFD simulation is extremely computationally
expensive, as the small gap between the needle valve and the seat requires very
small cells to be resolved properly. Capturing complete closure usually involves a
topological change in the computational domain. Furthermore, Internal Combustion
Engines(ICE) operating with …
Analysis And Fate Of 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-Benzoquinone In Real And Model Drinking Waters, Aarthi Mohan
Analysis And Fate Of 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-Benzoquinone In Real And Model Drinking Waters, Aarthi Mohan
Doctoral Dissertations
For many years chlorination has served as a barrier to protect human health from waterborne disease outbreaks. Chlorine is viewed as a near-universal oxidant and disinfectant, that provides a stable residual preventing microbial re-growth all the way through the consumer’s tap. Upon reaction with natural organic matter (NOM) however, it forms disinfection by-products (DBPs) many of which are potent human carcinogens and therefore have been of research interest since the 1970’s (Froese et al., 1999; Krasner et al., 2006, 1989; Richardson, 2003; Rook, 1976, 1974; Singer, 1994). The trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the most prevalent (Krasner et …
Synthesis, Fabrication, And Assembly Of Mesoscale Polymer Filaments, Dylan M. Barber
Synthesis, Fabrication, And Assembly Of Mesoscale Polymer Filaments, Dylan M. Barber
Doctoral Dissertations
Mesoscale materials, with feature sizes in the range of one hundred nanometers to tens of micrometers, are ubiquitous in Nature. In organisms, mesoscale building blocks connect the properties of underlying molecular and nanoscructures to those of macroscale, organism-scale materials through hierarchical assemblies of recurring structural motifs. The collective action of large numbers of mesoscale features can afford stunning features like the structural color of the morpho butterfly wing, calcium ion-mediated movement in muscle, and wood structures like xylem that can support enormous external compressive loads and negative internal pressure to transport nutrients throughout an organism. In synthetic systems, the design, …
Computational Rational Design Of Electrocatalysts For Electrochemical Ammonia And Hydrogen Synthesis, Akash Jain
Computational Rational Design Of Electrocatalysts For Electrochemical Ammonia And Hydrogen Synthesis, Akash Jain
Doctoral Dissertations
The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offer fossil-fuel-free routes for hydrogen and ammonia synthesis, respectively. However, currently, both processes lack suitable electrocatalysts for practical applications. Thus, this dissertation focuses on the computational rational design of HER and NRR electrocatalysts. HER is most efficiently catalyzed by platinum (Pt), which is expensive. To reduce the catalyst cost, we investigate core-shell nanoparticles of inexpensive tungsten-carbide (WC) and Pt (WC@Pt). Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we compare the suitability of two WC phases, α-WC and β-WC as support materials for Pt overlayers. We dope WC with titanium …
Data-Driven Control, Modeling, And Forecasting For Residential Solar Power, Akansha Singh Bansal
Data-Driven Control, Modeling, And Forecasting For Residential Solar Power, Akansha Singh Bansal
Doctoral Dissertations
Distributed solar generation is rising rapidly due to a continuing decline in the cost of solar modules. Most residential solar deployments today are grid-tied, enabling them to draw power from the grid when their local demand exceeds solar generation and feed power into the grid when their local solar generation exceeds demand. The electric grid was not designed to support such decentralized and intermittent energy generation by millions of individual users. This dramatic increase in solar power is placing increasing stress on the grid, which must continue to balance its supply and demand despite the potential for large solar fluctuations. …
Improving Young Driver Perceptions Of Vulnerable Road Users Through A Persuasive Intervention, Shashank Mehrotra
Improving Young Driver Perceptions Of Vulnerable Road Users Through A Persuasive Intervention, Shashank Mehrotra
Doctoral Dissertations
Vulnerable road users (VRUs), including bicyclists, pedestrians, and road users of other modalities, are at a higher risk of collision with young drivers when a complex traffic situation presents itself. Past research has established the importance of young drivers’ perceptions about VRUs that would encourage safe behavior. This research designed and evaluated a novel persuasive intervention that can help improve the perceptions of young drivers while they interact with VRUs. The study identified young drivers’ perceptions towards VRUs who have been licensed in the past 12 to 18 months through structured interviews. Based on these findings, an interactive intervention was …
Silicon Germanium Bicmos Integrated Circuits For Scalable Cryogenic Sensing Applications, Mohsen Hosseini
Silicon Germanium Bicmos Integrated Circuits For Scalable Cryogenic Sensing Applications, Mohsen Hosseini
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation is focused on an investigation of BiCMOS cryogenic low noise amplifiers (LNAs) based on Silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for simultaneous low noise and low power design and also taking advantage of CMOS circuitry for adding flexibility to the LNA design. Cryogenic LNAs' scalability challenges are discussed and addressed in the dissertation. To achieve that, first, HBTs of three state-of-the-art technologies are characterized and modeled at cryogenic temperature. It is shown that SiGe HBT provides a promising compromise of noise temperature, power consumption, and bandwidth. Moreover, a scalable on-chip approach is proposed and verified for biasing of …
Size Progression Of Oxygenic Photogranules (Opgs) And Its Effect On Opg Wastewater Treatment, Ahmed S.A. Abouhend
Size Progression Of Oxygenic Photogranules (Opgs) And Its Effect On Opg Wastewater Treatment, Ahmed S.A. Abouhend
Doctoral Dissertations
In recent years, the oxygenic photogranule (OPG) process has gained increasing interest because of its potential to treat wastewater without supplemental aeration. Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are dense spherical aggregates comprised of phototrophic and nonphototrophic microorganisms. In OPG wastewater treatment reactors, photogranules grow in number as well as in size. The primary goal of this dissertation was to investigate how OPGs grow in size and how the growth affects their structure and functions. We found that OPGs undergo structural changes as they grow bigger in size. As OPGs grow larger, filamentous cyanobacteria become enriched while other phototrophic microbes diminish significantly. OPGs …
Development Of Crosslinking Technologies For Waterborne & Powder Coatings, Mengfei Huang
Development Of Crosslinking Technologies For Waterborne & Powder Coatings, Mengfei Huang
Doctoral Dissertations
Waterborne coatings and powder coatings are fast-growing sectors of the world coating market due to their environmentally friendliness as they have low or zero volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission. However, compared with solventborne coatings, significant limitations need to be overcome to enable their broad applications. My dissertation will discuss several novel crosslinking strategies for waterborne and powder coating that could enable curing on-demand at ambient conditions, with facile polymerization and easy processing, and ultimately, exhibit a high degree of crosslinking and excellent performance that is comparable to solventborne coatings. We introduced and demonstrated the anionic polymerization mechanism and the high …
Designing Nonflammable Polymers And Blends Containing Deoxybenzoin Derivatives, Elizabeth Stubbs
Designing Nonflammable Polymers And Blends Containing Deoxybenzoin Derivatives, Elizabeth Stubbs
Doctoral Dissertations
The importance of synthetic polymers in everyday life continues to grow, owing to their societal importance for improving our standard-of-living and enabling advances spanning medicine, electronics, construction materials, transportation. While niche applications occupy a small fraction of the overall volume of polymers produced, large scale applications tend to employ lower cost materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. In addition to environmental considerations connected to these polymerized hydrocarbons, produced in excess of 380 million tons per year worldwide, their inherent flammability creates additional requirements associated with their manufacturing and use. Societal benefits of such polymers are extensive, and thus, there …
Big Data Nanoindentation: Concepts, Principles And Applications To Cemented Materials, Yucheng Li
Big Data Nanoindentation: Concepts, Principles And Applications To Cemented Materials, Yucheng Li
Doctoral Dissertations
The exploration of oil/gas in the petroleum industry presents a lot of issues both during and after the drilling process, such as wellbore stability, formation clogging, and cementation. Understanding the chemo-mechanical alterations caused by drilling activities to the surrounding formations has been a crucial part of a successful drilling operation. However, as multi-phases, multi-scales, heterogeneous composites, the mechanical properties of rock can vary significantly with its diverse constituent minerals (e.g., quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals) and sometimes hard to be characterized due to the availability of rock samples (i.e., cylindrical core samples are arduous to acquired especially at deep formations). …
Tailoring Interfaces And Composition For Stable And Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells, Hamza Javaid
Tailoring Interfaces And Composition For Stable And Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells, Hamza Javaid
Doctoral Dissertations
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have revolutionized the field of thin film photovoltaics. Within a decade, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have increased at a phenomenal rate, rising from 3.8% to more than 25% in single-junction devices, moving them ahead of the current silicon-based technology. The high efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and their other unique properties arise from a combination of organic and inorganic components and electronic-ionic conduction, making them excellent candidates for a plethora of applications. However, PSCs face a significant—and ironic—roadblock to commercialization: these light-harvesting materials degrade under sunlight—the very condition they would need …