Engineering Commons^™

Evaluation Of Long-Term Pavement Marking Performance, Eric R. Green, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the useful life of pavement markings. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) provides general guidelines for the application and installation of pavement markings. However, performance requirements for various types of pavement markings are not included. Retroreflectivity data were collected throughout Kentucky on various longitudinal pavement markings using mobile and manual techniques. Data were collected on one-year, two-year and three-year-old lines. The retroreflectivity levels were analyzed and the several recommendations were made. Minimum levels of retroreflectivity should be set for determining what roads to restripe annually. These values should be lower …

Evaluation Of Pavement Marking Performance, Eric R. Green, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the useful life of pavement markings. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) provides general guidelines for the application and installation of pavement markings. However, performance requirements for various types of pavement markings are not included. Retroreflectivity data were collected throughout Kentucky on various longitudinal pavement markings using mobile and manual techniques. Data were collected on two-year old and one-year old lines. The retroreflectivity levels were analyzed and the several recommendations were made. Minimum levels of retroreflectivity should be set for determining what roads to restripe annually. These values should be …

Hydrologic Properties Of Pervious Concrete, Joe D. Luck, Stephen R. Workman, Stephen F. Higgins, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Pervious concrete is concrete made by eliminating most or all of the fine aggregate (sand) in the concrete mix, which allows interconnected void spaces to be formed in the hardened product. These interconnected void spaces allow the concrete to transmit water at relatively high rates. The main objective of this project was to conduct research on the potential application of pervious concrete in agricultural settings, specifically for use in animal feed lots, manure storage pads, animal manure and bedding compost facilities, or floor systems in animal buildings. Laboratory tests were conducted on replicated samples of pervious concrete formed from two …

Cumberland Gap Tunnel Pavement Problem, Brad Rister

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Ground Penetrating Radar was used to verify voids beneath the concrete roadway located at the Cumberland Gap Tunnel, in Middelsboro, KY. Preliminary results indicate that several void areas reside beneath the north and southbound tunnel.

Pavement/Sub-Grade Condition Assessment I-65 Approximate Milepost 97.5 To 102.5 (Transition From Asphalt To Concrete) To (Ky 313 Overpass), Brad Rister, Clark Graves

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the condition assessment of the pavement structure on I-65 between 97.5 to 102.5. Three types of equipment were used to evaluate the present condition of the pavement: falling weight deflectormeter, ground penetrating radar, and coring machine, Results indicated that durability of the existing concrete surface appears to be the most detrimental problem encountered in this survey. Load-transfer across transverse joint appear to be in acceptable ranges. Limited areas were identified to have less than four inches of D.G.A. beneath the concrete pavement. These areas have also been experiencing the most differential settlement. In addition several areas are …

Pavement Design Guide: A Short Course, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this short course is to provide information to the registered engineer (with no previous background in pavement design or pavement technology) on the structural design of pavements. Included in this course is a summary of background information on the materials used in pavement construction and on the history and evolution of pavement design. Included with this course is an updated Design Guide or catalog to be used for designing new pavements in Kentucky. The intent of the guide or catalog is to provide the road\\ a) designer with a simplified, straightforward methodology for developing structural designs of …

Summary Of Results Of 1995 Field Evaluations Of Long Life Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report completes the summary of the results of data collected as part of the 1995 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). A previous report summarized the data for the first year after placement of these materials (AASHTO's National Transportation Product Evaluation Program, Report 96, NTPEP 121, October 1996). Data for the second year for the long life pavement marking materials are given in this report.

Summary Of Results Of 1993 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the 1993 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The report is divided into two volumes. The first volume presents the field evaluations while the laboratory tests results are given in the second volume. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A …

Impacts Of The Extended-Weight Coal Haul Road System (Interim Report), Joseph D. Crabtree, Jerry G. Pigman, John A. Deacon, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Extended-Weight Coal Haul Road System, created by Kentucky's Legislature in 1986, consists of all roads which carry over 50,000 tons of coal in a calendar year. Trucks hauling coal on this system are authorized to exceed normal weight limits through the payment of an annual decal fee. A research study was initiated in July of 1992 to analyze the impacts of the extended-weight system. This interim report, prepared after one year of a three-year study, describes the analyses performed thus far and presents preliminary findings, recommendations, and a discussion of future work.

Analyses in this report are based on: …

Summary Of Results Of 1992 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the 1992 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The report is divided into two volumes. The first volume presents the field evaluations while the laboratory tests results are given in the second volume. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A …

Kentucky Rock Asphalt (Kyrock) Road Surfacing Material: Preliminary Investigation, Jerry G. Rose

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents a preliminary investigation of Kentucky Rock Asphalt (Kyrock) - as a road surfacing material. The indigenous bituminous impregnated sandstone was widely used as a premium quality skid resistant surfacing material during the first half of this century. Redevelopment efforts gained momentum during the 1960's, but for the last twenty years interest has waned.

Laboratory tests were conducted on the Kyrock to determine its applicability in bituminous surface mixes by blending Kyrock with virgin materials in a similar manner as adding recycled asphalt pavement. The findings indicated it was feasible to blend Kyrock and a continuation proposal was …

Value Of Research, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Transportation research in Kentucky has been ongoing since 1914. The Road Materials Testing Laboratory was established that year at the University of Kentucky. Operation of the laboratory commenced in 1915 under the guidance of Professor D.V. Terrell who later became Dean of the College of Engineering. Dean Terrell often noted that the purpose of research was not to save money but to make it go farther. Public funding was never sufficient to accomplish all that various agency personnel considered essential nor that which the public deemed necessary and research was conducted most often for the purpose of gaining more for …

Summary Of Results Of 1990 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials (Sashto Regional Test Facility), Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the 1990 field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A RTF for the twelve SASHTO states was approved at the 1988 SASHTO convention. The twelve SASHTO states are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, …

Summary Of Results Of 1989 Field And Laboratory Evaluations Of Pavement Marking Materials, Kentucky Transportation Center

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes the results of data collected as part of the field and laboratory evaluations of pavement marking materials for the SASHTO Regional Test Facility. The purpose of the Regional Test Facility (RTF) is to minimize the amount of field and laboratory research testing of specific types of materials. This is accomplished by combining efforts in an organized manner to reduce the monetary and man-hour requirements of both the states and industry. A RTF for the twelve SASHTO states was approved at the 1988 SASHTO convention. The twelve SASHTO states are Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North …

Preliminary Engineering, Monitoring Of Construction, And Initial Performance Evaluation: Use Of Ponded Fly Ash In Highway Road Base, David Q. Hunsucker, R. Clark Graves

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes findings of laboratory and field trial evaluations of ponded fly ash used as a component In a stabilized aggregate base course. Ponded fly ash is the fine portion of pond ash which is a by-product of a coal burning process and Is disposed by sluicing to a disposal pond.

Three stabilized aggregate base mixtures containing various proportions of dense graded aggregate, ponded fly ash, and hydrated lime were evaluated In the laboratory relative to maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, and unconfined compressive strength. The mixture that was selected for field trial evaluation had the highest unconfined …

Pavement Inspection Derbyshire Estates, R. Clark Graves, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The subject project was constructed in the fall of 1988. Soon after construction, the pavement began to deteriorate. Areas of alligator cracking were observed along with extensive rutting and pushing of the asphaltic concrete. Distresses occurred soon after the roadway was completed. Personnel of the Jefferson Co. Public Works Department requested that Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) personnel make a preliminary inspection.

Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) personnel conducted preliminary tests at the site on July 11, 1989. Results of tests were outlined in a letter to Schimpeler-Corradino Associates, on July 19, 1989. After review, of those results, Schimpeler-Corradino principals requested that …

Pavement Evaluation Elkhorn Drive, R. Clark Graves

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government requested that the Kentucky Transportation Center perform a pavement evaluation and overlay design for Elkhorn Drive. This pavement section consisted of 3 inches of asphaltic concrete and 8 inches of dense graded aggregate. A visual inspection during testing revealed several areas of severe alligator cracking along with some areas of transverse cracking.

Demonstration Project No. 59: The Use Of Fly Ash In Highway Construction, Fayette County, Kentucky, David Q. Hunsucker, Gary W. Sharpe

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes preliminary site investigations, design criteria and procedures, construction criteria and procedures, and results of initial and final evaluations of an experimental road base utilizing lime kiln dust, fly ash and aggregate. Observed performance has been satisfactory. Compressive strength evaluations indicate exceptional early strength and continued strength gain of the pozzolanic base. Back calculation of specific elastic layer moduli indicate that the moduli of the pozzolanic base material is most likely within a range of 500,000 to 1,000,000 psi.

Based upon observations to date, treated bases enhance overall pavement performance and their use should be continued. It is …

Implementation Of A Pavement Management Program In Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen, Ronald R. Sewell

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Lexington, in central Kentucky, is the second largest city in the state. Local government is by a mayor and council of elected representatives from twelve districts and three at-large representatives. The Department of Public Works headed by a Commissioner, who reports to the mayor and city-county council, administers the streets and roads system.

The street and road network in Lexington consists of approximately 720 centerline miles. Approximately 100 miles are rural in nature and 620 miles are urban. Approximately 95 percent are bituminous surfaced roads; a majority of the remainder is constructed of portland cement concrete.

Increasing costs for constructing …

Evaluation Of A Full-Depth Asphaltic Concrete Pavement, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Mark Anderson

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This study was initiated to verify a newly-developed set of design curves for full-depth asphaltic concrete pavements. Quality control during construction was checked using nuclear density testers, Benkelman beams, and a Road Rater. During the course of this study, an analysis system (predicated upon the elastic theory model) was developed to interpret the dynamic deflections as measured by the Road Rater. The thickness design curves were verified by elastic theory and deflection testing within the accuracy of construction variations.

Measured rut depths were analyzed in terms of potential rut depth resulting from consolidation under traffic due to lack of obtaining …

Suggested Changes To Kentucky Statutes (Vehicle Weights And Dimensions), Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purposes of this report are: 1. To clearly define the terms ''tandem," "tridem," and “triaxle." 2. To clearly define the term "600 pounds per inch width of tire" as the "width of the tread in contact with the pavement." 3. To make the axle load limits the same throughout the statutes. 4. To suggest elimination of indentified discriminatory legislation. 5. To recommend additional legislation: a. to clearly define the purpose and use of "air-bag" suspension systems -- those that can be raised or lowered by the driver, and b. to enable vehicle weight enforcement officers to use shipping documents …

Effects Of Load Distributions And Axle And Tire Configurations On Pavement Fatigue, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Damage factor relationships for axle and tire configurations are presented. Adjustment factors are provided to account for variations in load distributions within axle groups, distances between axles of a tandem, and variations in tire pressure for both dual and flotation tire configurations.

Properly accounting for accumulated fatigue of a pavement requires an accurate Measure of traffic volume, proportions of vehicle styles (classifications) within the traffic stream, dates of service, estimate of the average damage factor for each classification, and estimate of the tire contact pressure. Weigh-in-motion equipment in its current form provides all of the above ingredients except for the …

Unstable Subgrade, I 65, Hardin County (I 65 - 5 (17) 92; Fsp 047-0065-091-0396), Tommy C. Hopkins, Gary W. Sharpe

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

During construction of the southbound lanes of I 65, Stations 120+00 to 218+00, in Hardin County, Kentucky, near Elizabethtown, large deformations were observed when dense-graded aggregate (DGA) base courses were loaded with construction traffic. Rutting and cracking of the DGA also was noticeable. A study was performed to determine the causes of the unstable subgrade and base, recommend remedial actions, and evaluate the effectiveness of the remedial measures. The stability, or bearing capacity, of the unstable pavement was determined for different construction stages and combinations of pavement layer thicknesses using a relatively new stability model HOPK-I. The stability of the …

Nondestructive Evaluation Of Rigid Pavements Using Road Rater Deflections [1984], Gary W. Sharpe, Mark Anderson, Robert C. Deen, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Road Rater deflections have been used to determine in-place structural conditions of rigid and composite pavements, based on modifications of principles and experience with the structural evaluation of flexible pavements. Details of the use of elastic layer theory to simulate deflection measurements associated with loadings for the Kentucky Road Rater are presented. Included is an illustration of the use of field deflection measurements to "back calculate'" in-place moduli. The procedures are generally iterative and involve matching measured deflections with theoretical deflections. Elastic layer principles have been used to simulate deflections only at the midslab position. Relationships regarding deflections at other …

Pavement Thickness Designs Utilizing Low-Strength (Pozzolanic) Base And Subbase Materials, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen, Herbert F. Southgate, Mark Anderson

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This paper presents information whereby laboratory test data for pozzolanic base and subbase materials may be combined with elastic layer theory and a limiting strain criterion to determine thickness designs equivalent to conventional asphaltic concrete and crushed stone pavement structures. A summary of laboratory testing in Kentucky also is presented. An example thickness design determination is presented and includes an economic comparison of alternative designs with the conventional asphaltic – crushed stone thickness design.

An Evaluation Of Pavement Drainage Interstate 64, Rowan-Carter Counties, David L. Allen, Herbert F. Southgate

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Thickness Design System For Portland Cement Concrete Pavements, Herbert F. Southgate, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen, Donald C. Newberry Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report covers the merger of criteria used in the Portland Cement Association's and MSHTO's pavement thickness design systems. The combined criteria is coupled with the principle of equal work as defined in classical physics to produce thickness design curves for portland cement concrete pavements. The thickness of portland cement concrete varied by approximately 0.15 inches for the same CBR and design EAL when the thickness of crushed-stone base varied from 3 to 6 inches. Therefore, the design thickness of the portland cement concrete is relatively insensitive to changes in thickness of the crushed stone base.

The D-Cracking Phenomenon: A Case Study For Pavement Rehabilitation, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Pavement Surveys, Milton Evans Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The major considerations in the evaluation of a slab's condition, where surface defects exist, are the number of defects, their type and size. It is possible for a slab to contain a large number of surface intrusions without being appreciably damaged, if the impairments are all very small. On the other hand, only a few very large defects would be very damaging. Certainly, the most satisfactory condition would be the complete absence of blemishes.

In the surveys which have been made since the beginning of these pavement investigations, soil holes, chert pop-outs, shale pitting, trash imbedments and cracks have comprised …

Report Of An Inspection Of Pavement Construction On The New Jersey Turnpike, L. E. Gregg

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.