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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Piezospectroscopic Sensing Systems - Multi-Scale And In-Situ Sensing Technology For Structural Integrity, Remelisa Esteves
Piezospectroscopic Sensing Systems - Multi-Scale And In-Situ Sensing Technology For Structural Integrity, Remelisa Esteves
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The aerospace industry relies on nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to ensure aircraft safety and will benefit from methods that allow for early damage detection. Photoluminescence piezospectroscopy (PS) has demonstrated stress and damage sensing of substrates when coupled with alpha-alumina nanoparticles in a polymer matrix applied as a sensor coating. Alpha phase alumina exhibits photoluminescent spectral emission lines (R-lines) that shift due to changes in the stress state of the alumina. The coatings' capability for sensing early subsurface damage suggests the potential for implementing stress sensing paint for integrity monitoring of aircraft structures. To achieve a viable stress sensing coating that can …
Improving Traffic Safety And Efficiency By Adaptive Signal Control Systems Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Yaobang Gong
Improving Traffic Safety And Efficiency By Adaptive Signal Control Systems Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Yaobang Gong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
As one of the most important Active Traffic Management strategies, Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) helps improve traffic operation of signalized arterials and urban roads by adjusting the signal timing to accommodate real-time traffic conditions. Recently, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, many researchers have employed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms to develop ATSCs. However, most of them are not practice-ready. The reasons are two-fold: first, they are not developed based on real-world traffic dynamics and most of them require the complete information of the entire traffic system. Second, their impact on traffic safety is always a concern by …
High-Fidelity Mini-Led And Micro-Led Displays, Yuge Huang
High-Fidelity Mini-Led And Micro-Led Displays, Yuge Huang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Mini-LED and micro-LED are emerging disruptive display technologies, because they can work as local dimmable backlight to significantly enhance the dynamic range of conventional LCDs, or as sunlight readable emissive displays. However, there are still unresolved issues impairing their display fidelity: 1) motion blur on high-resolution, large-size and high-luminance devices, 2) limited contrast ratio on mini-LED backlit LCD (mLED-LCD), 3) relatively high power consumption, and 4) compromised ambient contrast ratio. This dissertation tackles with each of these issues for achieving high display fidelity. Motion blur is caused by slow liquid crystal response time and image update delays. Low-duty ratio operation …
Supercritical Co2 Heat Transfer Study Near Critical Point In A Heated Circular Pipe, Akshay Khadse
Supercritical Co2 Heat Transfer Study Near Critical Point In A Heated Circular Pipe, Akshay Khadse
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle is an up-and-coming technology to produce electricity from various heat sources. Apart from power cycles, sCO2 can also be used as coolant in centralized cooling system and stand-alone cooling device. However, lack of accurate predication tools such as heat transfer coefficient correlations and insufficient knowledge behind fundamental heat transfer processes can hinder its practical realization in key energy and cooling systems. The overall objective of the study is to extend fundamental knowledge about heat transfer and fluid flow processes in conduits pertinent to sCO2 power cycle. The emphasis here is investigation of heat transfer effects …
Mechanical Properties Of Boron Carbide (B4c), Ruslan Kuliiev
Mechanical Properties Of Boron Carbide (B4c), Ruslan Kuliiev
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the most important opaque boride ceramics that has high hardness and Young's modulus that along with low density lead to a significant resistance to ballistic impact and, thus, B4C is broadly used as a protective material. B4C has also high neutron capturing cross section; therefore, it is used as control rods and neutron absorption shielding in nuclear reactors. In this work thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of dense B4C ceramics (99%) sintered using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) were investigated. The Young's modulus of B4C measured by three different techniques – IE, RUS, and nanoindentation …
Compressibility Of Fine-Grained Soil In Central Florida, Andre Kruk
Compressibility Of Fine-Grained Soil In Central Florida, Andre Kruk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Fine-grained soils are responsible for most site settlements through a time dependent process known as consolidation. The magnitude of consolidation is quantified with three terms: the recompression and compression indices, referred to as the soil's compressibility indices, and preconsolidation pressure. The ideal methods to estimate these parameters are direct measurements from lab or in-situ field tests, other method include estimation from experience or from correlations to soil parameters. This study refines correlations between compressibility indices and index properties as previously researchers and soil mechanics suggest a strong correlation exists. This study also suggests a correlation to CPT parameters as this …
Multi-Parameter Optical Metrology: Quantum And Classical, Walker Larson
Multi-Parameter Optical Metrology: Quantum And Classical, Walker Larson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The insights offered by quantum mechanics to the field of optical metrology are many-fold, with non-classical states of light themselves used to make sensors that surpass the sensitivity of sensors using classical states of light. Unfortunately, this advantage, referred to often as "super-sensitivity" is notoriously fragile, and even the slightest experimental imperfections may greatly reduce the efficacy of the non-classical sensors, sometimes completely obviating their advantage. In my thesis I have shown that the performance of an otherwise ideal two-photon interferometer, which exploits entanglement between photons to make super-sensitive measurements of phase, is crippled by the slightest introduction of decoherence …
Efforts In Numerical Modeling Of Undulating Propulsion, George Loubimov
Efforts In Numerical Modeling Of Undulating Propulsion, George Loubimov
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Naval propulsion is a critical component for every vessel, and it is the subject of this thesis, specifically bio-inspired propulsion. Numerical modeling is used as a tool to understand the relationship between mechanical undulation and the hydrodynamic response. Through three stages, the research presented here examines and refines tools for understanding fundamentals of undulating propulsion. Those three objectives are: to verify and validate the proposed numerical models against existing experiments, establishing a baseline of fidelity; to examine the causal linkage between fluid-boundary interactions and undulating propulsion; and to create a moment based method for characterizing generalized undulating propulsive mechanisms. First, …
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Additive Manufacturing Of Copper-Based Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Binghao Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Copper (Cu) and Cu-alloy are good candidates for the engineered components that require good thermal and electrical conductivity. Since industry often needs sophisticated components that cannot be made easily by traditional methods, such as casting, forging and machining, research for additive manufacturing of copper-based alloy is on demand. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the optimization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-10 wt.% Sn alloy and pure Cu based on their characteristics such as relative density/porosity, surface roughness, phase constitutes, melt pool dimension, and dendrite arm spacings dimension, determined by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope. LPBF, …
Design And Visual Servo Control Of A Mechanical Gripper For Autonomous Strawberry Harvesting, Jonah Mapes
Design And Visual Servo Control Of A Mechanical Gripper For Autonomous Strawberry Harvesting, Jonah Mapes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
With rising labor costs and high consumer demand, economic conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for mechanization in the strawberry industry. However, virtually all strawberry crops are still picked by hand because the harvesting process is very challenging to automate, and strawberries are susceptible to bruising. For these reasons, the development of a harvester which can avoid damaging the fruit is of interest. Conventional designs for robotic grippers are less than ideal, as precise positioning or force feedback capabilities are required to reduce the risk of bruising. As an alternative, a novel "camera-in-hand" gripper design is presented which effectively avoids bruising …
High-Speed Imaging Of Reflected Shockwave-Initiated Combustion, Erik Ninnemann
High-Speed Imaging Of Reflected Shockwave-Initiated Combustion, Erik Ninnemann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Shock tubes are considered ideal reactors and are used extensively to provide valuable chemical kinetic measurements, such as ignition delay times and in-situ species time-histories. However, due to nonideal affects the combustion of fuel inside shock tubes can become nonhomogeneous, particularly at low temperatures, which complicates the acquired data. In this work, the combustion of practical fuels used by society are investigated with high-speed imaging. First, high-speed images were captured through the end wall of the shock tube for two hydrogen-oxygen systems. The combustion process was found to initiate in two modes, one that is homogeneous across the fluid medium …
Improving Usability Of Genetic Algorithms Through Self Adaptation On Static And Dynamic Environments, Reamonn Norat
Improving Usability Of Genetic Algorithms Through Self Adaptation On Static And Dynamic Environments, Reamonn Norat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
We propose a self-adaptive genetic algorithm, called SAGA, for the purposes of improving the usability of genetic algorithms on both static and dynamic problems. Self-adaption can improve usability by automating some of the parameter tuning for the algorithm, a difficult and time-consuming process on canonical genetic algorithms. Reducing or simplifying the need for parameter tuning will help towards making genetic algorithms a more attractive tool for those who are not experts in the field of evolutionary algorithms, allowing more people to take advantage of the problem solving capabilities of a genetic algorithm on real-world problems. We test SAGA and analyze …
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Landfill Leachate Using Electrospun Polyelectrolyte Complex Fiber-Laminated Ultrafiltration Membrane, Amirsalar Rabbani Esfahani
Removal Of Heavy Metals From Landfill Leachate Using Electrospun Polyelectrolyte Complex Fiber-Laminated Ultrafiltration Membrane, Amirsalar Rabbani Esfahani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low-pressure membrane process that yields higher permeate flux and saves significant operating costs compared to NF/RO. However, UF has not been applied as a primary method for landfill leachate treatment due to its large pore size. This research investigated the removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate using an UF membrane laminated with fiber mats produced from electrospinning of a polyelectrolyte complex. In this research, we modified the surface of the UF membrane with two polyelectrolytes including Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) and Polyallylamine Hydrochloride (PAH). The removal of heavy metals including Pb, Cd, and Cu from water …
Energy-Efficient Signal Conversion And In-Memory Computing Using Emerging Spin-Based Devices, Soheil Salehi Mobarakeh
Energy-Efficient Signal Conversion And In-Memory Computing Using Emerging Spin-Based Devices, Soheil Salehi Mobarakeh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
New approaches are sought to maximize the signal sensing and reconstruction performance of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices while reducing their dynamic and leakage energy consumption. Recently, Compressive Sensing (CS) has been proposed as a technique aimed at reducing the number of samples taken per frame to decrease energy, storage, and data transmission overheads. CS can be used to sample spectrally-sparse wide-band signals close to the information rate rather than the Nyquist rate, which can alleviate the high cost of hardware performing sampling in low-duty IoT applications. In my dissertation, I am focusing mainly on the adaptive signal acquisition and conversion circuits …
Increasing Accuracy Performance Through Optimal Feature Extraction Algorithms, Genevieve Sapijaszko
Increasing Accuracy Performance Through Optimal Feature Extraction Algorithms, Genevieve Sapijaszko
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This research developed models and techniques to improve the three key modules of popular recognition systems: preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. Improvements were made in four key areas: processing speed, algorithm complexity, storage space, and accuracy. The focus was on the application areas of the face, traffic sign, and speaker recognition. In the preprocessing module of facial and traffic sign recognition, improvements were made through the utilization of grayscaling and anisotropic diffusion. In the feature extraction module, improvements were made in two different ways; first, through the use of mixed transforms and second through a convolutional neural network (CNN) that …
Additive Manufacturing Of Elastomeric Lung Phantoms In Radiation Oncology, Jonathan Sookdeo
Additive Manufacturing Of Elastomeric Lung Phantoms In Radiation Oncology, Jonathan Sookdeo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Cancer is a particularly difficult disease to manage and treat, with cancer of the lung being a notably complex disease to treat with radiation therapy. In this study, a stereolithography-based 3D printing process was developed to fabricate human lung phantoms with identical mechanical and physical properties of human lungs in order to assist with targeted radiation therapy. A highly flexible UV photopolymer material with an elastic modulus of approximately 350 KPa was formulated for use in a custom-built stereolithography-based 3D printing apparatus. The printer built for 3D printing of the photopolymer features a large build volume with off-shelf components with …
Characterization Of Left Ventricular Volumes And Ejection Fraction In Patients With A Left Ventricular Assist Device, Viswajith Siruvallur Vasudevan
Characterization Of Left Ventricular Volumes And Ejection Fraction In Patients With A Left Ventricular Assist Device, Viswajith Siruvallur Vasudevan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
In the treatment of heart patients, as a bridge to recovery, the challenge currently in using a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD), is to provide a method to monitor the recovery of the heart. This dissertation addresses the hypothesis that continuous monitoring of the ejection fraction of a patient implanted with an LVAD should be to examine the progress of the patient without the need for excessive in vivo measurements. Also, the ejection fraction can be used to provide a control mechanism for the pump depending on the requirements of each patient. In this dissertation, the left ventricle, in …
Contact Mechanics Of Fish Scale Inspired Exoskeletal Components On A Nonlinear Elastic Substrate, Jeremy Stephen
Contact Mechanics Of Fish Scale Inspired Exoskeletal Components On A Nonlinear Elastic Substrate, Jeremy Stephen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The contact mechanics of structures with exoskeletal components deviate significantly from classical Hertzian and non-linear models. In the case of fish scale inspired samples under blunt indentation loading these factors are inherently tied to both the size of the indenter and the scales' distribution and orientation. Control of these geometric parameters provides a pathway to tailor the properties of surfaces for better grip, damage mitigation and controlled deformation. This study explores the response of a substrate with stiff scales protruding from its surface, which is comprised of a soft elastomeric material with properties typical of those in soft robotics applications. …
Fluorescence Microscopy With Tailored Illumination Light, Jialei Tang
Fluorescence Microscopy With Tailored Illumination Light, Jialei Tang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Fluorescence microscopy has long been a valuable tool for biological and medical imaging. Control of optical parameters such as the amplitude, phase, polarization and propagation angle of light gives fluorescence imaging great capabilities ranging from single molecule imaging to long-term observation of living organisms. While numerous fluorescence imaging techniques have been developed over the past decades, there is always an inevitable tradeoff among the spatial resolution, imaging speed, contrast, photodamage and the total cost when it comes to choose the appropriate microscope. A main goal of my dissertation research is to develop state-of-the-art microscope systems that exhibit unprecedented performance in …
Transient Mid-Ir Nonlinear Refraction In Air And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Organometallic Complexes, Salimeh Tofighi
Transient Mid-Ir Nonlinear Refraction In Air And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Organometallic Complexes, Salimeh Tofighi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This dissertation explores two main topics: Transient nonlinear refraction of air in Mid-IR spectral range and nonlinear optical properties of organometallic complexes. For seeing a vibrational and rotational Raman response the molecule should be Raman active. The first requirement for being a Raman active molecule is that the polarizability of molecule must be anisotropic. Linear symmetric molecules do have rotational Raman spectra. Not all the vibrational mode can be excited by a femtosecond pulse. The pulsewidth of our excitation beam should be less than the half of the vibration period. In this dissertation my excitation pulsewidth is not short enough …
Enabling Recovery Of Secure Non-Volatile Memories, Mao Ye
Enabling Recovery Of Secure Non-Volatile Memories, Mao Ye
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs), such as phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) and resistive RAM (ReRAM), have dual memory-storage characteristics and, therefore, are strong candidates to replace or augment current DRAM and secondary storage devices. The newly released Intel 3D XPoint persistent memory and Optane SSD series have shown promising features. However, when these new devices are exposed to events such as power loss, many issues arise when data recovery is expected. In this dissertation, I devised multiple schemes to enable secure data recovery for emerging NVM technologies when memory encryption is used. With the data-remanence feature of …
A Corridor Level Gis-Based Decision Support Model To Evaluate Truck Diversion Strategies, Samar Younes
A Corridor Level Gis-Based Decision Support Model To Evaluate Truck Diversion Strategies, Samar Younes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Increased urbanization, population growth, and economic development within the U.S. have led to an increased demand for freight travel to meet the needs of individuals and businesses. Consequently, freight transportation has grown significantly over time and has expanded beyond the capacity of infrastructure, which has caused new challenges in many regions. To maintain quality of life and enhance public safety, more effort must be dedicated to investigating and planning in the area of traffic management and to assessing the impact of trucks on highway systems. Traffic diversion is an effective strategy to reduce the impact of incident-induced congestion, but alternative …
Safety Evaluation Of Innovative Intersection Designs: Diverging Diamond Interchanges And Displaced Left-Turn Intersections, Ahmed Abdelrahman
Safety Evaluation Of Innovative Intersection Designs: Diverging Diamond Interchanges And Displaced Left-Turn Intersections, Ahmed Abdelrahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) and Displaced left-turn intersections (DLTs) are designed to enhance the operational performance of conventional intersections that are congested due to heavy left-turn traffic volumes. Since drivers are not familiar with these types of intersections, there is a need to evaluate their safety performance to validate their effect, and to estimate reliable and representative Crash Modification Factors (CMFs). The safety evaluation was conducted based on three common safety assessment methods, which are before-and-after study with comparison group, Empirical Bayes before-and-after method, and cross-sectional analysis. Furthermore, since DLTs showed poor safety performance, the study also investigated the operational …
Selective Subtraction: An Extension Of Background Subtraction, Adeel Bhutta
Selective Subtraction: An Extension Of Background Subtraction, Adeel Bhutta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Background subtraction or scene modeling techniques model the background of the scene using the stationarity property and classify the scene into two classes of foreground and background. In doing so, most moving objects become foreground indiscriminately, except for perhaps some waving tree leaves, water ripples, or a water fountain, which are typically "learned" as part of the background using a large training set of video data. Traditional techniques exhibit a number of limitations including inability to model partial background or subtract partial foreground, inflexibility of the model being used, need for large training data and computational inefficiency. In this thesis, …
Mobility-As-A-Service: Assessing Performance And Sustainability Effects Of An Integrated Multi-Modal Simulated Transportation Network, Mohamed El-Agroudy
Mobility-As-A-Service: Assessing Performance And Sustainability Effects Of An Integrated Multi-Modal Simulated Transportation Network, Mohamed El-Agroudy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Advances in information technology services have seen profound impacts on the state of transport services in the urban traffic environment. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) represents the digital consolidation of users, operators, and public-private managing entities to provide totally comprehensive, integrated trip-making services. Users now enjoy extra flexibility for trip-making with new modal alternatives such as micro-mobility (e.g Lime Bikes, Spin Scooters) and rideshare (e.g. Lyft, Uber). However, current knowledge on the performance and interactive effects of these newer alternative modes is vague if not inconsistent. As such, these effects were studied through micro-simulation analysis of a multi-modal urban corridor in Orlando, Florida. …
Modeling Flow And Nitrate Transport In Karst Groundwater Basins, Yuan Gao
Modeling Flow And Nitrate Transport In Karst Groundwater Basins, Yuan Gao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Understanding the groundwater flow in karst aquifers and the effect of best management practices (BMPs) on nitrate decrease in spring discharge is critical for effective management and protection of karst water resources. However, the control on the conduit network's impacts on spring discharge and nitrate concentration is not fully understood, and the cumulative effects of BMP on reducing nitrate in karst groundwater systems have not been evaluated at the basin scale. In this dissertation, a coupled Conduit Flow Process (CFPv2) and Conduit Mass Three-Dimensional (CMT3D) model was applied to evaluate the biosorption-activated media (BAM)-based BMP on nitrate removal in Silver …
Detailed Study Of Flow And Surface Heat Transfer Enhancement Mechanism In The Presence Of Dimples And/Or Protrusions, Gaurav Gupta
Detailed Study Of Flow And Surface Heat Transfer Enhancement Mechanism In The Presence Of Dimples And/Or Protrusions, Gaurav Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Recent advancements in material technology have led to the development of non-porous negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) materials (also called auxetic structures) by making spherical inline dimples on both sides of an elastic sheet. Manufacturing technologies such as 3-D printing and additive manufacturing paved the way to realize the complex shapes needed to achieve NPR behavior. These materials are desirable in many engineering applications, especially in the gas turbines hot-gas-path, due to their unique properties. In the current study, an effort is made to understand the flow physics and surface heat transfer mechanism for channel flow having one wall with spherical …
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study On Thermal Conduction Of Cnt-Cu/Al Composites With New Meam Potentials Between C And Cu/Al, Luyang Ren
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a promising material for thermal management applications including micro/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) due to their extremely high thermal conductivity values. CNTs-reinforced Cu/Al (CNT-Cu/Al) composites are attractive to meet all-around requirements on high thermal performance materials to be applied in many areas, such as aerospace, automotive and electronic packaging. However, the experimental results on resultant thermal conductivity of these composites are far from expectation due to the law of mixture. In this research, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study the thermal conduction of CNT-Cu/Al composites. Before the simulation is conducted, new inter-atomic potentials for the …
Subsurface Characterization Of Internally Eroded Soils In Karst Using The Cone Penetration Test, Ryan Shamet
Subsurface Characterization Of Internally Eroded Soils In Karst Using The Cone Penetration Test, Ryan Shamet
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Sinkholes are a major geohazard with life-threatening consequences when not properly detected and mitigated. Geologic conditions comprised of soluble bedrock (e.g., limestone or other carbonate-based lithologies) overlain by fine-grained sandy and clayey soils, are known internationally as "karst topography" and is generally characterized by such sinkholes, caves, sinking streams, and highly variable groundwater flow conditions. Karst sinkholes, however, are complex geohazards and are difficult to precisely characterize through geotechnical considerations alone. Deterministic methods (e.g., analytical and numerical solutions) may provide for a more robust analysis of internal soil erosion (known as soil raveling) but have limitations for the practical use …
Seismic Design Optimization Of Steel Structures Using Genetic Algorithm, Tiancheng Wang
Seismic Design Optimization Of Steel Structures Using Genetic Algorithm, Tiancheng Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Current seismic codes do not incorporate a well-established methodology for the selection of passive dampers type and their topological distribution and properties along the height of structures. Achieving the intended performance is made more complicated when structures are subject to extreme events and operate well within their inelastic range. This thesis utilizes a self-organizing genetic algorithm (soGA) with probabilistic gene-by-gene crossover and an adaptive active ground motion subset scheme to efficiently find optimal designs of low-rise steel frames subject to large number of extreme ground motions. Different types of passive dampers were considered, while the steel frames were modeled using …