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Articles 91 - 120 of 147
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Stochastic Optimization For Integrated Energy System With Reliability Improvement Using Decomposition Algorithm, Yuping Huang
Stochastic Optimization For Integrated Energy System With Reliability Improvement Using Decomposition Algorithm, Yuping Huang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As energy demands increase and energy resources change, the traditional energy system has been upgraded and reconstructed for human society development and sustainability. Considerable studies have been conducted in energy expansion planning and electricity generation operations by mainly considering the integration of traditional fossil fuel generation with renewable generation. Because the energy market is full of uncertainty, we realize that these uncertainties have continuously challenged market design and operations, even a national energy policy. In fact, only a few considerations were given to the optimization of energy expansion and generation taking into account the variability and uncertainty of energy supply …
Study Of The Formation And Control Of Disinfection By-Products Originating From A Surface Water Supply On The Volcanic Island Of Guam, Erica Laberge
Study Of The Formation And Control Of Disinfection By-Products Originating From A Surface Water Supply On The Volcanic Island Of Guam, Erica Laberge
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three oxidants have been evaluated for use as alternative chemical pretreatments for Fena Lake, a surface water that supplies the U.S. Navy's Public Water System (PWS) on the volcanic island of Guam. The study consisted of two investigative components. The first and primary component included a bench-scale evaluation to study the effects of different pre-oxidant chemicals on the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs). The second and ancillary component included a series of water treatment and distribution system management studies that analyzed DBP formation within the treatment plant and water distribution system. The goal of this research was to reduce …
Remote Sensing With Computational Intelligence Modelling For Monitoring The Ecosystem State And Hydraulic Pattern In A Constructed Wetland, Golam Mohiuddin
Remote Sensing With Computational Intelligence Modelling For Monitoring The Ecosystem State And Hydraulic Pattern In A Constructed Wetland, Golam Mohiuddin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Monitoring the heterogeneous aquatic environment such as the Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) located at the northeast of the Everglades is extremely important in understanding the land processes of the constructed wetland in its capacity to remove nutrient. Direct monitoring and measurements of ecosystem evolution and changing velocities at every single part of the STA are not always feasible. Integrated remote sensing, monitoring, and modeling technique can be a state-of-the-art tool to estimate the spatial and temporal distributions of flow velocity regimes and ecological functioning in such dynamic aquatic environments. In this presentation, comparison between four computational intelligence models including Extreme …
Quantifying Ultra-High Performance Concrete Flexural System Mechanical Response, Yulin Xiao
Quantifying Ultra-High Performance Concrete Flexural System Mechanical Response, Yulin Xiao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The research and application of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC) has been developed significantly within the last 1-2 decades. Due to the specific property of high strength capacity, it is potential to be used in bridge deck system without shear reinforcement so that it provides even lighter self-weight of the deck. However, one of the shear component, dowel action, has not been adequately investigated in the past. In this dissertation, a particular test was designed and carried out to fully investigate the dowel action response, especially its contribution to shear resistance. In addition, research on serviceability and fatigue behaviors were expanded …
Assessing Safety Culture Among Pilots In Saudi Airlines: A Quantitative Study Approach, Mohammad Alsowayigh
Assessing Safety Culture Among Pilots In Saudi Airlines: A Quantitative Study Approach, Mohammad Alsowayigh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In high- risk industries, such as aviation, safety is a key for organization survivor. Most accidents involve human losses and bring substantial cost to organizations. Accidents can devastate the reputation and profitability of any organization. In aviation, more than 80% of aircraft accidents are related to human errors. Safety culture has substantial impact on the success of any organization. Employees' performance and behaviors are influenced by their perception of safety culture within their organization. In the aviation industry, pilots are considered the last resort to prevent accidents or mishaps in the air or ground. The focus on pilots' perception of …
A New Multidimensional Psycho-Physical Framework For Modeling Car-Following In A Freeway Work Zone, Taylor Lochrane
A New Multidimensional Psycho-Physical Framework For Modeling Car-Following In A Freeway Work Zone, Taylor Lochrane
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As the United States continues to build and repair the ageing highway infrastructure, the bearing of freeway work zones will continue to impact the capacity. To predict the capacity of a freeway work zone, there are several tools available for engineers to evaluate these work zones but only microsimulation has the ability to simulate the driver behavior. One of the limitations of current car-following models is that they only account for one overall behavioral condition. This dissertation hypothesizes that drivers change their driving behavior as they drive through a freeway work zone compared to normal freeway conditions which has the …
Instructional Strategies For Scenario-Based Training Of Human Behavior Cue Analysis With Robot-Aided Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, Julie Salcedo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The U.S. Army desires to improve safety during Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) operations by removing Warfighters from direct line-of-fire by enhancing ISR operational capabilities with unmanned systems, also known as Robot-Aided ISR (RAISR) (DOD, 2013). Additionally, RAISR presents an opportunity to fulfill ISR capability requirements of modern combat environments including: detection of High-Value Individuals (HVI) from safer distances, identification of baseline behavior, and interpretation of adversarial intent (U.S. Army, 2008). Along with the demand and projected acquisition of RAISR technology, there is the added need to design training requirements for system operation and task execution instruction. While documentation identifying specific …
Techniques For Characterization Of Third Order Optical Nonlinearities, Manuel Ferdinandus
Techniques For Characterization Of Third Order Optical Nonlinearities, Manuel Ferdinandus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the development of novel techniques for characterization of nonlinear properties of materials. The dissertation is divided into two parts, a background and theory section and a technique development section. In the background and theory section we explain the origins of the nonlinear optical response of materials across many different spatial and temporal scales. The mechanisms that we are most interested in are the electronic nuclear and reorientational responses, which occur on the range of sub-femtosecond to several picoseconds. The electronic mechanism is due to the electrons of a material experiencing a non-parabolic potential well due a strong …
A Continuous Hydrologic Model Structure For Applications At Multiple Time Scales, Jonathan Griffen
A Continuous Hydrologic Model Structure For Applications At Multiple Time Scales, Jonathan Griffen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There are many different controlling factors on the partitioning of rainfall into runoff. However, the influence of each of these controls varies across different temporal scales. Consequently, numerous water balance models have been developed in the literature for application across various time scales. These models are usually developed for a particular time scale so that the controls with the greatest influence on rainfall partitioning are captured. For example, the SCS curve number method was developed to simulate direct runoff at the event scale; the "abcd" model was developed as a monthly water balance model; and the Budyko model was developed …
Energy Efficient Routing Towards A Mobile Sink Using Virtual Coordinates In A Wireless Sensor Network, Rouhollah Rahmatizadeh
Energy Efficient Routing Towards A Mobile Sink Using Virtual Coordinates In A Wireless Sensor Network, Rouhollah Rahmatizadeh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The existence of a coordinate system can often improve the routing in a wireless sensor network. While most coordinate systems correspond to the geometrical or geographical coordinates, in recent years researchers had proposed the use of virtual coordinates. Virtual coordinates depend only on the topology of the network as defined by the connectivity of the nodes, without requiring geographical information. The work in this thesis extends the use of virtual coordinates to scenarios where the wireless sensor network has a mobile sink. One reason to use a mobile sink is to distribute the energy consumption more evenly among the sensor …
Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials For Display And Photonic Applications, Yuan Chen
Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials For Display And Photonic Applications, Yuan Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal display (LCD) has been widely used in smartphones, pads, laptops, computer monitors, and large screen televisions, just to name a few. A great deal of effort has been delved into wide viewing angle, high resolution, low power consumption, and vivid color. However, relatively slow response time and low transmittance remain as technical challenges. To improve response time, several approaches have been developed, such as low viscosity liquid crystals, overdrive and undershoot voltage schemes, thin cell gap with a high birefringence liquid crystal, and elevated temperature operation. The state-of-the-art gray-to-gray response time of a nematic LC device …
Generation And Characterization Of Sub-70 Isolated Attosecond Pulses, Qi Zhang
Generation And Characterization Of Sub-70 Isolated Attosecond Pulses, Qi Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dynamics occurring on microscopic scales, such as electronic motion inside atoms and molecules, are governed by quantum mechanics. However, the Schroedinger equation is usually too complicated to solve analytically for systems other than the hydrogen atom. Even for some simple atoms such as helium, it still takes months to do a full numerical analysis. Therefore, practical problems are often solved only after simplification. The results are then compared with the experimental outcome in both the spectral and temporal domain. For accurate experimental comparison, temporal resolution on the attosecond scale is required. This had not been achieved until the first demonstration …
Conae Microwave Radiometer (Mwr) Counts To Brightness Temperature Algorithm, Zoubair Ghazi
Conae Microwave Radiometer (Mwr) Counts To Brightness Temperature Algorithm, Zoubair Ghazi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation concerns the development of the MicroWave Radiometer (MWR) brightness temperature (Tb) algorithm and the associated algorithm validation using on-orbit MWR Tb measurements. This research is sponsored by the NASA Earth Sciences Aquarius Mission, a joint international science mission, between NASA and the Argentine Space Agency (Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE). The MWR is a CONAE developed passive microwave instrument operating at 23.8 GHz (K-band) H-pol and 36.5 GHz (Ka-band) H- and V-pol designed to complement the Aquarius L-band radiometer/scatterometer, which is the prime sensor for measuring sea surface salinity (SSS). MWR measures the Earth's brightness temperature and …
Human Detection, Tracking And Segmentation In Surveillance Video, Guang Shu
Human Detection, Tracking And Segmentation In Surveillance Video, Guang Shu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation addresses the problem of human detection and tracking in surveillance videos. Even though this is a well-explored topic, many challenges remain when confronted with data from real world situations. These challenges include appearance variation, illumination changes, camera motion, cluttered scenes and occlusion. In this dissertation several novel methods for improving on the current state of human detection and tracking based on learning scene-specific information in video feeds are proposed. Firstly, we propose a novel method for human detection which employs unsupervised learning and superpixel segmentation. The performance of generic human detectors is usually degraded in unconstrained video environments …
Placement Of Mode And Wavelength Converters For Throughput Enhancement In Optical Networks, Ruaa Abdulrahman
Placement Of Mode And Wavelength Converters For Throughput Enhancement In Optical Networks, Ruaa Abdulrahman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The success of recent experiments to transport data using combined wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) and mode-division multiplexed (MDM) transmission has generated optimism for the attainment of optical networks with unprecedented bandwidth capacity, exceeding the fundamental Shannon capacity limit attained by WDM alone. Optical mode converters and wavelength converters are devices that can be placed in future optical nodes (routers) to prevent or reduce the connection blocking rate and consequently increase network throughput. In this thesis, the specific problem of the placement of mode converters (MC) and mode-wavelength converters (MWC) in combined mode and wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) networks is investigated. …
Spectrum Map And Its Application In Cognitive Radio Networks, Saptarshi Debroy
Spectrum Map And Its Application In Cognitive Radio Networks, Saptarshi Debroy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent measurements on radio spectrum usage have revealed the abundance of underutilized bands of spectrum that belong to licensed users. This necessitated the paradigm shift from static to dynamic spectrum access. Cognitive radio based secondary networks that utilize such unused spectrum holes in the licensed band, have been proposed as a possible solution to the spectrum crisis. The idea is to detect times when a particular licensed band is unused and use it for transmission without causing interference to the licensed user. We argue that prior knowledge about occupancy of such bands and the corresponding achievable performance metrics can potentially …
Taming Wild Faces: Web-Scale, Open-Universe Face Identification In Still And Video Imagery, Enrique Ortiz
Taming Wild Faces: Web-Scale, Open-Universe Face Identification In Still And Video Imagery, Enrique Ortiz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the increasing pervasiveness of digital cameras, the Internet, and social networking, there is a growing need to catalog and analyze large collections of photos and videos. In this dissertation, we explore unconstrained still-image and video-based face recognition in real-world scenarios, e.g. social photo sharing and movie trailers, where people of interest are recognized and all others are ignored. In such a scenario, we must obtain high precision in recognizing the known identities, while accurately rejecting those of no interest. Recent advancements in face recognition research has seen Sparse Representation-based Classification (SRC) advance to the forefront of competing methods. However, …
Non-Oxide Porous Ceramics From Polymer Precursor, Xueping Yang
Non-Oxide Porous Ceramics From Polymer Precursor, Xueping Yang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Non-oxide porous ceramics exhibit many unique and superior properties, such as better high-temperature stability, improved chemical inertness/corrosive resistance, as well as wide band-gap semiconducting behavior, which lead to numerous potential applications in catalysis, high temperature electronic and photonic devices, and micro-electromechanical systems. Currently, most mesoporous non-oxide ceramics (e.g. SiC) are formed by two-step templating methods, which are hard to adjust the pore sizes, and require a harmful etching step or a high temperature treatment to remove the templates. In this dissertation, we report a novel technique for synthesizing hierarchically mesoporous non-oxide SiC ceramic from a block copolymer precursor. The copolymer …
Lp Fiber Mode Converters Using Holographic Phase Mask In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Aniket Patil
Lp Fiber Mode Converters Using Holographic Phase Mask In Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass, Aniket Patil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, an investigation was undertaken to research the use of holographic phase masks (HPMs) in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass as mode converters for linearly polarized (LP) fiber modes. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) was used to generate higher-order transverse fiber modes LPm,n. Under proper incidence condition on the holographic device, LPm,n modes are diffracted and simultaneously converted into higher order or lower order LP modes. The process was analyzed by imaging the far field on a CCD camera. It is demonstrated that using this novel method of converting transverse fiber modes several combinations of LP modes can be converted …
Characterization Of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric And Non-Parametric System Identification Methods, Ayad Al Rumaithi
Characterization Of Dynamic Structures Using Parametric And Non-Parametric System Identification Methods, Ayad Al Rumaithi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The effects of soil-foundation-structure (SFS) interaction and extreme loading on structural behaviors are important issues in structural dynamics. System identification is an important technique to characterize linear and nonlinear dynamic structures. The identification methods are usually classified into the parametric and non-parametric approaches based on how to model dynamic systems. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamic behaviors of two realistic civil engineering structures in SFS configuration and subjected to impact loading by comparing different parametric and non-parametric identification results. First, SFS building models were studied to investigate the effects of the foundation types on the structural …
A Short Window Granger Causality Approach To Identify Brain Functional Pattern Associated With Changes Of Performance Induced By Sleep Deprivation, Muyuan Li
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The comprehensive effect of sleep deprivation on biological and behavioral functions largely remains unknown. There is evidence to support that human sleep must be of sufficient duration and physiological continuity to ensure neurocognitive performance while we are waking. Insufficient sleep would lead to high risk of human-error related to accidents, injuries or even fatal outcomes. However, in modern society, more and more people suffer from sleep deprivation because of the increasing social, academic or occupational demand. It is important to study the effect of sleep deprivation, not only on task performance, but also on neurocognitive functions. Recent research that has …
Particle Manipulation Via Optical Forces And Engineering Soft-Matter Systems With Tunable Nonlinearities., Shima Fardad
Particle Manipulation Via Optical Forces And Engineering Soft-Matter Systems With Tunable Nonlinearities., Shima Fardad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most intriguing properties of light-matter interaction is the ability of an electromagnetic field to exert mechanical forces on polarizable objects. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the fact that light carries momentum, which in turn can be transferred to matter. Mediated by scattering, this interaction usually manifests itself as a “pushing force” in the direction of beam propagation. However, it is possible to judiciously engineer these optical forces, either by tailoring particle polarizability, and/or by structuring the incident light field. As a simple example, a tightly focused laser beam demonstrates strong gradient forces, which may attract …
Control Based Soft Switching Three-Phase Micro-Inverter: Efficiency And Power Density Optimization, Ahmadreza Amirahmadi
Control Based Soft Switching Three-Phase Micro-Inverter: Efficiency And Power Density Optimization, Ahmadreza Amirahmadi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the field of renewable energy, solar photovoltaic is growing exponentially. Grid-tied PV micro-inverters have become the trend for future PV system development because of their remarkable advantages such as enhanced energy production due to MPPT implementation for each PV panel, high reliability due to redundant and distributed system architecture, and simple design, installation, and management due to its plug-and-play feature. Conventional approaches for the PV micro-inverters are mainly in the form of single-phase grid connected and they aim at the residential and commercial rooftop applications. It would be advantageous to extend the micro-inverter concept to large size PV installations …
Practical Implementations Of The Active Set Method For Support Vector Machine Training With Semi-Definite Kernels, Christopher Sentelle
Practical Implementations Of The Active Set Method For Support Vector Machine Training With Semi-Definite Kernels, Christopher Sentelle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a popular binary classification model due to its superior generalization performance, relative ease-of-use, and applicability of kernel methods. SVM training entails solving an associated quadratic programming (QP) that presents significant challenges in terms of speed and memory constraints for very large datasets; therefore, research on numerical optimization techniques tailored to SVM training is vast. Slow training times are especially of concern when one considers that re-training is often necessary at several values of the models regularization parameter, C, as well as associated kernel parameters. The active set method is suitable for solving SVM problem …
Green Technologies And Sensor Networks For Bmp Evaluation In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Wetlands., Anthony Crawford
Green Technologies And Sensor Networks For Bmp Evaluation In Stormwater Retention Ponds And Wetlands., Anthony Crawford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this thesis is to examine and develop new techniques in stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) for nutrient and erosion reduction and monitoring by incorporation of low impact green technologies and sensor networks. Previous research has found excessive nutrient loading of nitrogen and phosphorus species from urban stormwater runoff can lead to ecological degradation and eutrophication of receiving lakes and rivers (Fareed and Abid, 2005). In response, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) has set forth reduction goals as established in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports to reduce nutrient loading and restore, or maintain, Florida water …
Mechanical And Thermal Characterization Of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Pyrolysis-Derived Carbon-Matrix Composites, Donovan Lui
Mechanical And Thermal Characterization Of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Pyrolysis-Derived Carbon-Matrix Composites, Donovan Lui
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Maturity of high-temperature polymer-reinforced composites defer to conventionally expensive and intensive methods in both material and manufacturing aspects. Even traditional carbon-carbon, aerogel, and ceramic approaches are highly limited by difficult manufacturing techniques and are subject to sensitive handling throughout their processing and lifetime. Despite their utility in extreme environments, the high costs of existing high-temperature composites find limited practical applicability under high-performance applications. The development of continuous fiber-reinforced pyrolysis-derived carbon-matrix composites aim to circumvent the issues surrounding the manufacturing and handling of conventional high-temperature composites. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) have a number of attractive properties including light weight, high stiffness-to-weight …
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Workload Measures In The Nuclear Domain, Joseph Mercado
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Workload Measures In The Nuclear Domain, Joseph Mercado
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An operator's performance and mental workload when interacting with a complex system, such as the main control room (MCR) of a nuclear power plant (NPP), are major concerns when seeking to accomplish safe and successful operations. The impact of performance on operator workload is one of the most widely researched areas in human factors science with over five hundred workload articles published since the 1960s (Brannick, Salas, & Prince, 1997; Meshkati & Hancock, 2011). Researchers have used specific workload measures across domains to assess the effects of taskload. However, research has not sufficiently assessed the psychometric properties, such as reliability, …
Combustion Instability Mechanism Of A Reacting Jet In Cross Flow At Gas Turbine Operating Conditions, Jared Pent
Combustion Instability Mechanism Of A Reacting Jet In Cross Flow At Gas Turbine Operating Conditions, Jared Pent
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Modern gas turbine designs often include lean premixed combustion for its emissions benefits; however, this type of combustion process is susceptible to self-excited combustion instabilities that can lead to damaging heat loads and system vibrations. This study focuses on identifying a mechanism of combustion instability of a reacting jet in cross flow, a flow feature that is widely used in the design of gas turbine combustion systems. Experimental results from a related study are used to validate and complement three numerical tools that are applied in this study – self-excited Large Eddy Simulations, 3D thermoacoustic modeling, and 1D instability modeling. …
Processing And Characterization Of Multifunctional Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Films, Xin Wang
Processing And Characterization Of Multifunctional Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Films, Xin Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nanoparticles reinforced polymer composite films have been widely studied for their enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties compared with host polymer matrix. However, most research was conducted on incorporation of nanoparticles in polymer films to improve single property and there is a lack of research on the multifunctional polymer nanocomposite films. In this work, a scalable and continuous spray deposition process was developed for the production of nanoparticles reinforced multifunctional thermoplastic nanocomposite films. This process is capable of making a thin sheet of thermoplastic nanocomposites with high nanoparticle loadings. The smallest thickness can be 40um. The objective of this study …
Response Of Electrified Micro-Jets To Electrohydrodynamic Perturbations, Weiwei Yang
Response Of Electrified Micro-Jets To Electrohydrodynamic Perturbations, Weiwei Yang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The breakup of liquid jets is ubiquitous with rich underpinning physics and widespread applications. The natural breakup of liquid jets originates from small ambient perturbations, which can grow exponentially until the amplitude as large as the jet radius is reached. For unelectrified inviscid jets, surface energy analysis shows that only the axisymmetric perturbation is possibly unstable, and this mode is referred as varicose instability. For electrified jets, the presence of surface charge enables additional unstable modes, among which the most common one is the whipping (or kink) instability that bends and stretches the charged jet that is responsible for the …