Engineering Commons^™

Interpretation Of Cone Penetration Tests In Cohesive Soils, Kwang Kyun Kim, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado

JTRP Technical Reports

This report focuses on the evaluation of the factors affecting cone resistance measurement during cone penetration in saturated clayey soils and the application of the result to pile shaft capacity analysis. In particular, effects of drainage conditions around the cone tip were studied. Rate effects related to both drainage and shear strength dependence on loading rate were studied. In order to investigate the effects of drainage during penetration, penetration tests were performed with various velocities in the field and in a calibration chamber, and the obtained data were analyzed. For the field tests, two sites which have homogeneous clayey soil …

Investigation Of Device Parameters For Field-Effect Dna-Sensors By Three-Dimensional Simulation, Eddie Howell, Clemens Heitzinger, Gerhard Klimeck

Other Nanotechnology Publications

The development of a DNA field-effect transistor (DNAFET) simulator is described and implications on device structure and future experiments are discussed. In DNAFETs the gate structure is replaced by a layer of immobilized single-stranded DNA molecules which act as surface probe molecules [1, 2]. When complementary DNA strands bind to the receptors, the charge distribution near the surface of the device changes, modulating current transport through the device and enabling detection (cf. Fig. 1 and 5). Arrays of DNAFETs can be used for detecting singlenucleotide polymorphisms and for DNA sequencing. The advantage of DNAFETs over optical methods of detection is …

A Novel Open Field Activity Detector To Determine Spatial And Temporal Movement Of Laboratory Animals After Injury And Disease, Andrew O. Koob, John Cirillo, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Among the wide range of tests for laboratory animal behavior after neurological injury or disease, each has its benefits and drawbacks. The varied behavior that an animal exhibits makes it difficult to decide which test to use. However, a fundamental instinct for the laboratory animal is to explore when placed in a new environment. A way to test exploratory behavior is in the open field. Here, we introduce a simple activity box without the use of video equipment to determine the exploratory movement of a rat after traumatic brain injury. The activity box is an open field, and the rat …

2006 Model Highway County Ordinances, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report is intended to provide model ordinances for common situations for county highway departments and local street departments in Indiana where no current sample or model ordinance is readily available. Information to prepare model ordinances was collected from other Indiana counties and municipalities. Some of the model ordinances were created at the request of local highway and street departments.

The purpose of this report was not to duplicate regulations already in place such as where state governments cover issues such road signage, or traffic control, but to provide references for situations that have no other regulation or where specific …

Crop Production For Advanced Life Support Systems, R M. Wheeler, J C. Sager

Technical Reports

The use of plants for bioregenerative life support for space missions was first studied by the US Air Force in the 1950s and 1960s. Extensive testing was also conducted from the 1960s through the 1980s by Russian researchers located at the Institute of Biophysics in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, and the Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow. NASA initiated bioregenerative research in the 1960s (e.g., Hydrogenomonas) but this research did not include testing with plants until about 1980, with the start of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program. The NASA CELSS research was carried out at universities, private corporations, and …

Sign Retroreflectivity: Fiscal Impact Of Proposed Minimum Retroreflectivity Values On Local Governments In Indiana And Investigation Of Accuracy Of Nighttime Inspections, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

To remain effective, traffic signs need to be clearly legible to all motorists. Their retroreflectivity is an important factor in their legibility. Recently, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has proposed a set of minimum retroreflectivity values to which all signs shall conform. The purpose of this study was two fold; to investigate the fiscal impact of these proposed minimums on roadways managed by counties, cities, and towns within in the State of Indiana and compare the accuracy of a simple nighttime inspection method to the more labor intensive measured retroreflectivity method.

Estimates performed on the collected data suggest that the …

2006 Statewide Bridge Sufficiency Rating Report, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

The main purpose of this report is to provide bridge sufficiency rating information for the bridges in each county. This information results from the data generated by the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) program authorized by the 1968 Federal Aid Highway Act.

Ballisticity Of Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors: Role Of Phonon Energy And Gate Bias, Siyuranga O. Koswatta, Sayed Hasan, Mark S. Lundstrom, M. P. Anantram, Dmitri E. Nikonov

Other Nanotechnology Publications

We investigate the role of electron-phonon scattering and gate bias in degrading the drive current of nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs). Optical phonon scattering significantly decreases the drive current only when gate voltage is higher than a well-defined threshold. For comparable electron-phonon coupling, a lower phonon energy leads to a larger degradation of drive current. Thus in semiconductor nanowire FETs, the drive current will be more sensitive than in carbon nanotube FETs because of the smaller phonon energies in semiconductors. Acoustic phonons and other elastic scattering mechanisms are most detrimental to nanotube FETs irrespective of biasing conditions.

Evaluation Of Wildlife Reflectors In Reducing Vehicle-Deer Collisions On Indiana Interstate 80/90, Sedat Gulen, George P. Mccabe, Ira Rosenthal, Samuel E. Wolfe, Virgil L. Anderson

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation is committed to reducing vehicle-deer collision incidents on the Indiana Interstate I-80/90 as well as on the other roads. Very few of the studies to reduce vehicle-deer collisions incorporated any sound and complete statistical design. Some states (California, Colorado, Maine, Ontario-Canada, Washington State and Wyoming) have found that the use of wildlife reflectors did not reduce vehicle-deer collisions. However, some other states (British Columbia-Canada, Iowa, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington State and Wisconsin) found that the use of wildlife reflectors did reduce vehicle-deer collisions.

The main objective of this experimental study is to evaluate the effectiveness of …

2006 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Thermally Developing Flow And Heat Transfer In Rectangular Microchannels Of Different Aspect Ratios, Poh-Seng Lee, S V. Garimella

CTRC Research Publications

Laminar convective heat transfer in the entrance region of microchannels of rectangular cross-section is investigated under circumferentially uniform wall temperature and axially uniform wall heat flux thermal boundary conditions. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed for laminar thermally developing flow in microchannels of different aspect ratios. Based on the temperature and heat flux distributions obtained, both the local and average Nusselt numbers are presented graphically as a function of the dimensionless axial distance and channel aspect ratio. Generalized correlations, useful for the design and optimization of microchannel heat sinks and other microfluidic devices, are proposed for predicting Nusselt numbers. The proposed …

Meaningful Labeling Of Integrated Query Interfaces, Eduard Dragut, Clement Yu, Weiyi Meng

Cyber Center Publications

The contents of Web databases are accessed through queries formulated on complex user interfaces. In many domains of interest (e.g. Auto) users are interested in obtaining information from alternative sources. Thus, they have to access many individual Web databases via query interfaces. We aim to construct automatically a well-designed query interface that integrates a set of interfaces in the same domain. This will permit users to access information uniformly from multiple sources. Earlier research in this area includes matching attributes across multiple query interfaces in the same domain and grouping related attributes. In this paper, we investigate the naming of …

The Chemical Engineering Environment: Catalyst Or Inhibitor To Students' Confidence In Success?, Mica A. Hutchison, George Bodner, Deborah Follman

School of Engineering Education Graduate Student Series

No abstract provided.

The Undergraduate Research Experience As It Relates To Research Efficacy Beliefs And The Imposter Phenomenon, Mica A. Hutchison, Deborah Follman, De'jeune Antoine

School of Engineering Education Graduate Student Series

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Kinetic Models For Gas Damping Of Moving Microbeams, Alina A. Alexeenko, E Phillip Muntz, Michael A. Gallis, John R. Torczynski

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Faculty Publications

Numerical investigations of the gas flow structure and the gas-damping force on moving and heated microbeams are carried out using the Navier-Stokes equations with first-order velocity-slip and temperature-jump boundary conditions (the NSSJ method) and two kinetic numerical techniques: the particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, and a deterministic discrete-ordinate solution of the ellipsoidal statistical (ES) kinetic model equation. The gas-damping coefficients on a moving microbeam for quasi-static isothermal conditions are estimated by the three numerical methods for Kn = 0.1-1.0. The NSSJ simulations tend to overestimate the gas-damping coefficient for Knudsen numbers larger than 0.1, whereas the DSMC and …

Ballisticity Of Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors: Role Of Phonon Energy And Gate Bias, Siyuranga O. Koswatta, Sayed Hasan, Mark S. Lundstrom

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We investigate the role of electron-phonon scattering and gate bias in degrading the drive current of nanotube field-effect transistors FETs. Optical phonon scattering significantly decreases the drive current only when gate voltage is higher than a well-defined threshold. For comparable electron-phonon coupling, a lower phonon energy leads to a larger degradation of drive current. Thus in semiconductor nanowire FETs, the drive current will be more sensitive than in carbon nanotube FETs because of the smaller phonon energies in semiconductors. Acoustic phonons and other elastic scattering mechanisms are most detrimental to nanotube FETs irrespective of biasing conditions.

Design Of Near-Optimal Waveforms For Chest And Abdominal Compression And Decompression In Cpr Using Computer-Simulated Evolution, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Objective: To discover design principles underlying the optimal waveforms for external chest and abdominal compression and decompression during cardiac arrest and CPR. Method: A 14-compartment mathematical model of the human cardiopulmonary system is used to test successive generations of randomly mutated external compression waveforms during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Mutated waveforms that produced superior mean perfusion pressure became parents for the next generation. Selection was based upon either systemic perfusion pressure (SPP=thoracic aortic minus right atrial pressure) or upon coronary perfusion pressure (CPP=thoracic aortic pressure minus myocardial wall pressure). After simulations of 64,414 individual CPR episodes, 40 highly evolved waveforms …

A New Biomechanical Head Injury Criterion, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents a new analysis of the physics of closed head injury caused by intense acceleration of the head. At rest a 1 cm gap filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) separates the human brain from the skull. During impact whole head acceleration induces artificial gravity within the skull. Because its density differs slightly from that of CSF, the brain accelerates, strikes the inner aspect of the rigid skull, and undergoes viscoelastic deformation. Analytical methods for a lumped parameter model of the brain predict internal brain motions that correlate well with published high-speed photographic studies. The same methods predict a …

2006 Enacted Wheel Tax Rates (Lohut), Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This publication is a compilation of wheel tax rates using data provided by the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles.

Determination Of Ash Mixture Properties And Construction Of Test Embankment - Part B, Sungmin Yoon, Umashankar Balunaini, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Nayyar Zia Siddiki

JTRP Technical Reports

Class F fly ash and bottom ash are solid residue byproducts produced by coal-burning plants. They are usually disposed off with a typical disposal rate of 80 % fly ash and 20 % bottom ash. To maximize the use of the coal ash, and thus significantly reduce the disposal problem that electric utility companies and our society in general face, the direct use of ponded or landfilled ash that is composed of high proportions of fly ash would be desirable. However, a general understanding of the behavior of high volume fly ash mixtures is needed. Although there have been investigations …

Evaluation Of Rapid Setting Cement-Based Materials For Patching And Repair, Amit D. Barde, Swathi Parameswaran, Todd Chariton, W. Jason Weiss, Menashi D. Cohen, Scott Andrew Newbolds

JTRP Technical Reports

The efficient repair and replacement of concrete pavements and bridge decks often requires a rapid setting material that can be placed, cured, and opened to traffic in a relatively short period of time. Frequently, temporary repairs are made using materials that are later found to be incompatible with the existing pavement, structures, and environment. This practice causes these materials to fail prematurely, frequently requiring re-repair. Research is needed to determine which rapid setting repair materials demonstrate the best behavior with rapid strength gain, low potential for cracking, and excellent durability. The objective of this research is to evaluate the performance …

Indot Customer Service, Ananth V. Iyer, Michael Hoeck, Amanda Thompson, Kailas Dandgaval, Jairo Bohorquez, Justina Mikals

JTRP Technical Reports

This study focuses on the flow of customer complaints to the INDOT central office and districts, their handling within the INDOT system and the customer experienced lead time. The processes were examined based on customer segments, complaint type, and district of origin. Detailed data analyses for specific transactions within the INDOT system were used to document the process. In addition, as per the study advisory committee suggestions, a tracking of transactions flow using a paper system was used to reconcile archived data. Although lead time metrics were developed at both the central office and district level, the lack of data …

Assessment And Selection Of Stormwater Best Management Practices For Highway Construction, Retrofitting, And Maintenance, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were:

1. Research existing data for structural and non-structural BMPs pertaining to the Phase II NPDES Stormwater Construction and Post-Construction Minimum Control Measures. Identify BMPs suitable for use in construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation and retrofitting activities along INDOT roadways and facilties.

2. Give consideration to the Indiana geological and meteorological conditions and the INDOT resources available for maintenance of water quality BMPs.

3. Review documents on the INDOT Publications List and make recommendations regarding potential revisions and/or additions to the documents to adequately address the NPDES Stormwater Program requirements as they pertain to INDOT activities.

Blind Pedestrians And Their Ability To Navigate Indiana Intersections – A Review Of The Technology Available For Audible Signals, Robert Bertram Jacko

JTRP Technical Reports

Accessible pedestrian signals (APS) that combine audible and vibrotactile signals to a blind or visually impaired and/or disabled pedestrian for both locational and navigational information are available for purchase and installation “off the shelf”. APS systems that have a locating tone produce an audible language statement when it is safe to begin crossing the intersection as well as a vibrating activation button for the hard of hearing and an audible status count-down for the crossing pedestrian are available now. Purdue University has retrofitted two campus intersections with audible, vibrotactile APS and the intersections are regularly used by blind students. Discussions …

Validation Of Superpave Mixture Design And Analysis Procedures Using The Ncat Test Track, Sivaranjan Sivasubramaniam, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation was among the first to adopt the Superpave mixture design method and relevant specifications. When the National Center for Asphalt Technology decided to build a pavement test track, the Indiana Department of Transportation saw an opportunity to validate the mixture design method. It participated in the test track pooled fund study by sponsoring two pavement sections that were part of a larger investigation involving ten pavement test sections. Further, efforts were made to establish rutting performance relationships between the Accelerated Pavement Tester, the Purdue Wheel Laboratory Tracker, and the in-service pavement as represented by the …

Fatigue Of Older Bridges In Northern Indiana Due To Overweight And Oversized Loads, Volume 1: Bridge And Weigh-In-Motion Measurements, James A. Reisert, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This report is the first of a two-volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the fatigue behavior of steel highway bridges on the extra heavy weight truck corridor in Northwest Indiana. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the type and magnitude of the loads that travel along the corridor and then assess the effect of those loads on the fatigue strength of the steel bridge structures on the corridor. This volume presents the results of the experimental field study conducted to evaluate the load and load effects on one steel …

Investigation Of The Performance Of Neat And Modified Asphalt Binders, Yalan Tang, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

The Superpave binder specifications are performance-based criteria for binder selection for use in hot-mix asphalt mixtures. However, these specifications may not be applicable to modified binders. This research investigates the a new method for determining hot-mix asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures as well as the performance of neat (unmodified) and modified binders of the same performance grade. The first phase of the research focuses on determining mixing and compaction temperatures for hot-mix asphalt mixtures. Modified binders are shear rate and temperature dependent and the conventional methods of determining mixing and compaction temperatures can yield extreme results. The Zero Shear Viscosity …

Stiffness Of Hot-Mix Asphalt, Terhi K. Pellinen, Shangzhi Xiao

JTRP Technical Reports

This research was initiated from a need to evaluate marginal mixtures that do not meet the Superpave mix design criteria for the air voids content requirements for the construction of hot mix asphalt pavements. The developed criteria is comprised of the base criteria derived from test data of as-placed field cores normalized to 7.5% air voids content, which provides the minimum stiffness and strength requirements for a mixture as a function of the traffic level. The stiffness of pavement cores is measured using Simple Shear Tester to obtain shear stiffness |G*| of mix and strength is measured using indirect tensile …

Corridor Mapping Using Aerial Technique, James Samuel Bethel, Boudewijn H W Van Gelder, Ali Fuat Cetin, Aparajithan Sampath

JTRP Technical Reports

With properly designed LIDAR control, assessment of 3D as-builts is attainable with an average over-all horizontal (planimetric) error of 0.324 ft (9.9 cm). Specifically, with an RMS error of 0.284 ft (8.7 cm) in Northing, and 0.255 ft (7.8 cm) in Easting. The average over-all vertical (height) error is 0.003 ft (0.1 cm) with a 0.108 ft (3.3 cm) RMS error. Lidar recognizable control (2m x 2m chevrons) was spaced at approximately 200m parallel to the direction of the axis of the project corridor, and at 60m sideway intervals. The project corridor was about 6 km long. Least Squares Image …

Investigation Of Coarse Aggregate Strength For Use In Stone Matrix Asphalt, Brandon J. Celaya, John E. Haddock

JTRP Technical Reports

Stone Matrix Asphalt is a gap-graded hot-mix asphalt mixture composed of a coarse aggregate skeleton and a binder-rich mortar. The mixture type was first introduced to the United States in 1991, with one of the first test sections placed on I-70 near Richmond, Indiana. To help control the selection of coarse aggregate, the Indiana Department of Transportation specified a maximum Los Angeles Abrasion loss value of 30 percent. An investigation into the coarse aggregate specifications for use in Stone Matrix Asphalt was completed in this study. Emphasis was placed on evaluating various tests that may be useful is specifying coarse …