Engineering Commons^™

Temperature Distribution In Thermal Boundary Layers (In Free Convection) Using A Modified Schlieren Method, Philip Ling Chen

Masters Theses

"A simple optical apparatus, the Schlieren interferometer, was constructed for the quantitative investigation of free convection heat transfer from solid bodies. The photographic results, checked by using thermocouples, were used in evaluating the temperature distribution, the key to the solution of these problems. Interpretation of the photographic results was made using the simple calculation for the conventional interferogram and the Dale-Gladstone law. Although the experiments were limited to a heated flat plate and a heated wire, two dimensional test pieces of irregular configuration can be investigated by the same apparatus with simple modifications. The photographs of the conventional Schlieren, the …

A Photoelastic Study Of The Effect Of Certain Geometric Variables On The Plane Stress Distribution In An Electrical Insulator Body, Richard L. Pendleton

Masters Theses

"Photoelastic models were used to indicate stress patterns in various geometrically designed shapes. Each model represented a two-dimensional cross-section of the interior portion of an axially symmetrical porcelain electrical insulator. Five different loading pins were combined with three loading heads to produce eleven models. The maximum stress in each model was determined using a photoelastic method of stress analysis. An attempt was made to select the best structural design to be used in an electrical insulator. The test results indicate that the most desirable stress distribution is obtained using a single step loading pin and that the loading head angle …

The Effect Of Lubri-Coolant Application At The Tool-Chip Interface On Tool Forces, Bomi Ardeshir Hathikhanavala

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of a lubri-coolant directed in such a way that it impinged just below the chip at the tool-chip interface in an orthogonal cutting process. This was compared to the conventional method of flooding lubri-coolant around the tool-chip area ... The results obtained show that the forces required to cut a material were less if the lubri-coolant was directed on the tool-chip interface when larger values of feed and depth of cut were used, and that with smaller values of feed and depth of cut, the method of flooding was equal …

The Design And Construction Of An Instrument For Calibrating Accelerometers, Richard Rabenau

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work was to design and construct a facility to calibrate accelerometers. A ceramic piezoelectric shaker and modified Michelson interferometer together with necessary electronic equipment were used. The system produced accurate and stable acceleration at five discrete points from 1,000 to 5,000 cycles per second. the maximum calibration levels were approximately 50 g's"--Abstract, page ii.

The Development And Evaluation Of An Experimental Technique To Determine Stress Distribution In Uniformly Loaded Flat Plates, James William Walker

Masters Theses

"This thesis reports and evaluates an experimental technique that was developed to determine and monitor the stresses in a simply supported, uniformly loaded circular plate. Deflections are less than half the thickness of the plate. The application of the developed technique to plates whose integrity has been compromised with holes in various locations is discussed.

Resistance strain gages were used to determine experimentally the stresses in a simply supported, uniformly loaded circular plate with and without a concentric hole. The accuracy of the experimental results was established to be within approximately six percent of theoretical.

Proper application of the experimental …

Heat Transfer Coefficients Across Bonds And Contacts, Eugene Charles Fadler

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to experimentally determine heat transfer coefficients across interfaces, including the effects of the thermal conductivity of the adherends, the hardness of the adherends, the bond thickness, and the type of adhesive.

Aluminum alloy, steel, copper, and extruded nylon rods were used as adherends; all 1.875 inches diameter and 8 inches long. Each was cut radially at its midpoint and faced off to the desired surface finish. Bare interface tests were conducted before the adherends were bonded together. The adhesives used were high grade silica refractory cement, two-part epoxy resin adhesive, and thermosetting synthetic rubber-phenolic …

The Eccentric Orifice As A Flow Measuring Device In Small Diameter Pipes, James E. Casale

Masters Theses

"This thesis reports and evaluates the use of an eccentrically placed orifice as a flow measuring device in small pipe sizes. The orifice is placed in a concentric location and moved to increasingly eccentric locations until full eccentricity is reached. At full eccentricity the circumference of the orifice is tangent to the circumference of the pipe. The effects of increasing eccentricity are evaluated for four orifices...Flow coefficients for the orifices in different locations are plotted against Reynolds numbers. The eccentric orifice is a reliable, accurate flow measuring device for metering or controlling the flow of fluids. Design criteria can be …

A Study Of The Non-Newtonian Turbulent Fluid Flow Through An Annulus, Yogesh R. Parikh

Masters Theses

"This investigation is concerned with the study of non-Newtonian flow through an annulus. The experimental analysis of incompressible non-Newtonian fluids in a long cylindrical annulus of radius ratio 0.375 was studied in the turbulent region. Different types of non-Newtonian fluids were used to procure flow behaviour for the annulus.
The effect of increasing flow rate of the non-Newtonian fluids was evaluated by gathering pressure drop data across the annulus using a differential manometer. The power-law model is used in this study to characterize the non-Newtonian flow. The parameters of the power-law model were evaluated by gathering viscometric data on a …

Optimization Of Flywheel Design For Internal Combustion Engines, Dady Jal Patel

Masters Theses

"A new approach to the problem of flywheel design has been developed, thus eliminating some of the problems of conventional design. The term flywheel design, in this thesis, refers to the determination of the flywheel inertia (mass moment of inertia) only. Two versatile computer programs were set up to obtain the flywheel inertia and the turning moment diagram for a large variety of internal combustion engines, and use was made of these programs to optimize the inertia of the flywheel with respect to speed. As an illustration the data of a 1960 Corvair engine were selected, and the results obtained …

Analysis Of The Flow Characteristics Through A Water Pressure Regulator, Anthony Lee Jatcko

Masters Theses

"This thesis presents an analysis of the flow characteristics through a water pressure regulator. Characteristic curves of the relationship between pressure drop through the regulator and flow through the regulator are developed. To further analyze these relationships, a least squares computer analysis was used to develop equations to fit these curves. An investigation into the modes of dissipating pressure energy in this type of regulator tends to indicate that a significant portion of the energy is lost through viscous shearing action in the area of high turbulence. The aforementioned characteristic curves also showed definite critical pressure points in the form …

Application Of The Photoelastic Coating Method To Evaluate The Stress Distribution On The External Surface Of The Cap Of An Electrical Insulator, Harijeetsinh Jagtiani

Masters Theses

"The Photoelastic Coating Method was applied to find the surface stresses on the cap of an electrical insulator. The strain distribution was observed and photographed. This color photograph indicated a visible geography of the maximum shear strain distribution in the region of the insulator where the birefringent plastic was bonded with a reflective cement. The Oblique Incidence technique was used to determine the principal stresses from the maximum shear strain (or the principal strain difference) readings, obtained from Normal Incidence. The critical cross-section of the insulator head was optically located, giving an initiative for the re-design of the insulator cap. …

Cylinder-Head Surface Temperature And Maximum Pressure In A Diesel Engine, Jayant M. Patel

Masters Theses

"This report presents the result of an experimental investigation on the effect of 1) fuel consumption in a diesel engine on the mean cylinder-head surface temperature 2) engine speed and load on the maximum cylinder pressure.

A fast-response thermocouple was fixed in the cylinder head and temperatures were measured for various load and speed conditions. An attempt was made to record a transient surface temperature versus crank-angle diagram. Some doubt as to the reliability of this recording may arise because of the very small amount of time lag in the thermocouple action. This is immaterial to the subject of this …

An Apparatus To Measure Capillary Jet Thrusts And The Evaluation Of Normal Stresses In Fluids, Charles Donald Green

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work was to design, construct and calibrate simple, inexpensive apparatus which could be used to measure the normal stresses and tangential shear stresses of a fluid. For normal stress measurements, the capillary jet thrust principle was selected. A standard analytical balance was modified so that capillary tubes could be fitted on it horizontally. It was designed so that the thrust produced by a jet of fluid from the tube caused a deviation from the zero balance position. The weights needed to rezero the balance gave a measure of the thrust"--Summary, page 1.

The Design, Construction, And Operation Of A Conducting Field Analog Computer., Richard T. Johnson

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation is to design and construct a simple conducting field analog to solve problems described by the two-dimensional Poisson or Laplace equations. Decisions concerning choice of conducting media, construction of problem models, and design and construction of a specialized power supply with instrumentation were based on the results of previous experiments. Several problems are solved using the designed apparatus. Partial solutions to these problems are displayed in graphical form.

The greatest deviation of the experimental results from iterative values was consistently less than 8%. In most cases the deviation was less than 6%. The console arrangement …

The Effects Of Granular Size On The Thermal Conductivity Of Sand, Kanubhai M. Patel

Masters Theses

"The thermal conductivity of granular materials can be determined by the Thomas method. This method was used here to determine the effects of granular size on the thermal conductivity of sand. A river sand was secured and screened. The sand retained between the Tyler Standard Screen Scale, mesh 10 and 14, 14 and 28, 28 and 40, 40 and 48, 48 and 60, and below mesh 60, was used for tests.

The thermal conductivity for the above six samples obtained by the author coincide fairly well with published data.

It is reported in the International Critical Tables that the thermal …

A Rubber Membrane Analogy For The Study Of Shafts In Torsion., Myron D. Bruns

Masters Theses

"The thesis presents a review of literature giving reference to several books which present the many and varied methods of determining the shearing stresses in shafts. However, no reference was found that used a rubber membrane analogy similar to that used in th is thesis. The theory of torsion, the membrane theory, and its analogy have been presented for a better understanding of the subject. Illustrations are used freely for clarity.

Analytical methods and solutions are given for two problems. The first method is that of writing a Saint-Venant stress function and satisfying the necessary conditions for it to be …

Thermal Resistance Of Bonds And Contacts, David Marion Lewis

Masters Theses

"The adhesive and sealant Industry has more than kept pace with our rapidly expanding technology of today. This growth has left the standardization of data on adhesives far behind and lack of this data is obvious. Of the many applications, particularly as related to space technology and energy conversion, the resistance to the flow of heat offered by the bond layer is of considerable importance.

Little information is available on the effect of adhesives on heat transfer. In connection with their work on honeycomb panels, Rankle, Gier, and Bevans (7) determined the thermal resistance of the particular type of adhesives …

Minimum Frictional Characteristics Of Optimum Journal Bearings., Navinchandra F. Shah

Masters Theses

"This investigation was conducted to develop a graphical representation to determine the optimum bearing conditions for minimum friction and to establish a theoretical approach for journal bearing design.

A series of graphs has been plotted for· the coefficient of friction versus the eccentricity ratio based on the. Sommerfeld number derived from Reynolds' differential equation, f or optimum journal bearings.

The results obtained in this research have been compared with those developed by other investigators. This comparison confirms the validity of the results presented in this thesis, so that it could be used advantageously for the design of optimum journal bearings"-- …

The Effect Of A Lubricant On Tool-Workpiece Interface., Kenneth Eugene Spencer

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cutting fluids and the method of application to an orthogonal cutting process.

The cutting operation was performed on a lathe. The fluids use d were compressed air and a solution of emulsifiable oil and water.

The flooding of the area was produced by directing a copious supply of fluid over the cutting a rea. The directed stream was obtained by pumping the fluid through a small hole drilled into the tool holder, immediately above and behind the tool face, which directed the fluid at the tool-chip interface.

The results …

The Importance Of Radiation As A Means Of Controlling Surface And Internal Temperatures Of A Semi-Infinite Solid, Kenneth C. Woodruff Jr.

Masters Theses

"This problem is concerned with the temperature history of a semi-infinite solid bounded by one flat surface.

Heat was applied by convection from a hot fluid to the flat surface of the solid which was originally at a uniform temperature. Heat was radiated from the flat surface to black space and conducted into the solid according to Fourier's law. The temperature at the surface, and at several points beneath the surface, was determined as a function of time.

A method for solution of such a problem is demonstrated here by the use of numerical analysis and the Royal McBee LGP …

The Electrical Analogy Of Critical Speed For The Transverse Vibrations Of A Shaft With One, Two And Three Masses, Ashok Z. Patel

Masters Theses

"The object of this thesis is to determine the critical speed of a shaft by an electrical analogy. The shaft considered is of constant diameter and is simply supported at the ends by fixing it in self aligning bearings. The weight of the shaft is assumed to be proportionally distributed in the attached masses.

The original system is first of all converted to an equivalent simple spiring mass system by calculating the influence coefficients and hence frcan these determining the spring constants. The spring mass system obtained is then converted to an equivalent electrical circuit.

A sine-square wave frequency generator …

A Theoretical And Experimental Study Of The Stress Distribution In An Infinite Plane Shrink-Fitted On Four Circular Elastic Pins, Charles H. White

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this study is to show a general method of solution for multiple inclusions in an infinite plane. The shrink-fitting of an infinite plane upon the inclusions, or pins, will be simulated by force-fitting the pins into a large sheet of birefringent material, to obtain an experimental verification of the analytical solution.

The problem to be approached is that of four circular elastic pins shrink-fitted in an infinite plane. The method of superposition will be used, and the stresses at any point in the plane found with respect to a common origin of coordinates. It will first be …

The Effects Of Granular Size On The Thermal Conductivity Of Fine Sand, Fikri Yalvac

Masters Theses

"The Thomas method (1) for determining the thermal conductivity of solid materials can be used for the determination of the thermal conductivity of granular materials. In this thesis this method has been used to determine the effect of the granular size of sand cn its thermal conductivity.

River sand was classified according to size by the Tyler Standard Screen Scale into 50-60, 50-80, 80-100, 100-200, and below 200 mesh size. These sands were used for the experiments. The clay was separated from these samples to obtain pure river sand for the experiments.

According to the International Critical Tables, the thermal …

The Effect Of Surface Roughness, Cure Pressure, And Temperature Level On The Thermal Resistance Of Bonds And Contacts, David Leo Schwaller

Masters Theses

"This investigation was conducted to determine the thermal effect of temperature level, surface roughness, and curing pressure on bars and bonded interfaces.

The equipment used in this investigation is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The four specimens used, cylindrical aluminum alloy bars, were cut radially at their midpoints and faced on a lathe. Heat was supplied by an electrical resistance heating element and an ice bath was used to conduct heat from the alloy specimen. A heat shield was used to insure one dimensional heat flow. Spacers were placed in the insulation at the top, the interface, and …

A Study Of Rotational Critical Speeds For A Multi-Mass System By Influence Coefficients, Kantikumar G. Patel

Masters Theses

"In this investigation an attempt has been made to determine the critical speeds of a multi-mass rotational system by using influence coefficients. Modes of vibrations are also examined at these critical speeds.

A shaft carrying five masses, supported by bearings at the ends, has been studied analytically. The length of the bearings is considered small with respect to the shaft length and therefore, the configuration is assumed to be point supported as a simple beam. The five masses, each weighing one pound, were placed at equal distances of 10 inches on a 60 inch shaft. The critical speed was examined …

Theoretical Investigation Of Steam Jet Cleaning, Jaswant T. Lotwala

Masters Theses

"Steam cleaning methods are used by industries to remove mass of dirt and grease deposits from machine parts and other surfaces. It is necessary to know the rate at which this mass can be removed from a surface. The present investigation was made to determine this rate of mass removal. The mass transfer rate is influenced by two phenomena; namely, heat transfer and momentum transfer. Both of these were discussed and the results obtained from the analysis were used in determining the total mass transfer rate. The effects of various parameters, such as density and velocity of the cleaning fluid, …

Forced Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients And Induction Heating, Max Edwin Light

Masters Theses

“The purpose of this study was to design and build an apparatus to experimentally determine the convective heat transfer coefficients for water flowing in a horizontal tube at turbulent flow. Also it was planned to use the apparatus to investigate the spatial dependence of energy deposition by induction heating.

An instrument and measuring techniques were developed that gave reasonable correlations between experimentally determined heat transfer coefficients and values calculated from generally accepted heat transfer relationships developed by other experimenters. Most of the calculated values were within ± 10% of the experimental values for a wide range of flow rates.

It …

A Determination Of The Theoretical Stresses In A Deep Beam., James William Tritz

Masters Theses

"This paper presents an analytical solution of the stress distribution in a deep beam of finite length. The beam being considered is analyzed as one of plane stress. The method employed superimposes two stress functions each of which is a trigonometric series. The first stress function satisfies all boundary conditions except that of zero stress on the vertical faces. The second function is found, so that, when combined with the first function, all boundary conditions are satisfied. The IBM 1620 digital computer is then used to find the stresses for a particular beam. The results of this analysis are then …

Experimental Evaluation Of Thermal Stresses On The Outer Surface Of A Thick-Walled Tube., Vinodray T. Patel

Masters Theses

"In this investigation an attempt has been made to measure thermal stresses on the outer surface of a thick- walled tube. The inside surface was heated by steam passing through the tube while the outer surface was cooled by water. Two temperature compensated strain gages were used to measure strains in the tangential and axial directions respectively. The advantage of using this type of strain gage is to avoid the use of a dummy gage to compensate for the temperature effect.

The analytical solution to the problem was derived and the values of thermal stresses were calculated theoretically and compared …

Use Of Sr-4 Strain Gages Under Hydraulic Pressure, Manubhai M. Patel

Masters Theses

"In this investigation an attempt has been made to determine the effects of hydraulic pressure on SR-4, type A-5 strain gages. A thick-walled aluminum alloy cylinder without end constraint was used to make an experimental study of the effects of hydraulic pressure on these strain gages.

The behavior of this cylinder under different internal hydraulic pressures was also studied by measuring the strains by means of strain gages which were attached to the inside and outside surface of the cylinder. The problem has been studied by applying pressures up to 4800 psi.

Because of the high internal fluid pressures various …