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Iowa State University

Selected Works

1991

Articles 1 - 11 of 11

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

Detection Of Unresolved Target Tracks In Infrared Imagery, Sarah A. Rajala, Loren W. Nolte, James V. Aanstoos Nov 1991

Detection Of Unresolved Target Tracks In Infrared Imagery, Sarah A. Rajala, Loren W. Nolte, James V. Aanstoos

Sarah A. Rajala

Two methods for detecting dim, unresolved target tracks in infrared imagery are presented. Detecting such targets in a sequence of noisy images is very challenging from the standpoint of algorithm design as well as detection performance evaluation. Since the signal-to-noise ratio per pixel is very low (a dim target) and the target is unresolved (of spatial extent less than a pixel), one must rely on integration over target tracks which span over many image frames. In addition, since there is a large amount of uncertainty as to the pattern and location of target tracks, good algorithms must consider a large …

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Swine Responses To Constant And Modified Diurnal Cyclic Temperatures, Hongwei Xin, James A. Deshazer Nov 1991

Swine Responses To Constant And Modified Diurnal Cyclic Temperatures, Hongwei Xin, James A. Deshazer

Hongwei Xin

Ad libitum fed and individually penned crossbred gilts (39 ± 2 kg) were exposed to a constant air temperature of 30.8*" C (CON) and equal-mean diurnal cyclic temperatures cycling from 26° to 33*^ C (RPK) and from 23.4° to 40° C (RNT). Fluorescent lighting with an intensity of 800 to 1100 L/m/m2 was provided from 0600 h to 2100 h. Measurements of feed intake, heat loss rates, water usage, growth, and ingestion behavior were made for a five-day period and replicated six times. Daily average heat loss rates, water usage, and feed conversion of the RPK and RNT pigs could …

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First-Principles Study Of Phase Stability In Cu-Zn Substitutional Alloys, P. E. A. Turchi, M. Sluiter, F. J. Pinski, Duane D. Johnson, D. M. Nicholson, G. M. Stocks, J. B. Staunton Sep 1991

First-Principles Study Of Phase Stability In Cu-Zn Substitutional Alloys, P. E. A. Turchi, M. Sluiter, F. J. Pinski, Duane D. Johnson, D. M. Nicholson, G. M. Stocks, J. B. Staunton

Duane D. Johnson

A parameter-free approach to phase stability in Cu-Zn substitutional alloys is shown to describe order-disorder phenomena and structural transformations with remarkable accuracy. The method is based on a multiple-scattering description of the electronic structure properties of the random alloy. Configurational order is treated within the generalized perturbation method and the concentration-functional theory. Thermodynamical properties of α and β brasses are derived from the cluster variation method. This advanced scheme is of general validity and is expected to yield similarly accurate results for other Hume-Rothery alloys.

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Thermodynamic And Structural Properties Of [001] Twist Boundaries In Gold, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Srolovitz, Richard Alan Lesar May 1991

Thermodynamic And Structural Properties Of [001] Twist Boundaries In Gold, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Srolovitz, Richard Alan Lesar

Richard Alan Lesar

We have employed the Local Harmonic (LH) model and the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) to examine the structural and thermodynamic properties of a series of twelve [001] twist boundaries in gold for temperatures between 0 K and 700 K. For the majority of the grain boundary misorientations, metastable structures were observed with grain boundary energies that were typically less than 0.1% larger than the stable structures. Four of the twelve grain boundaries underwent first order structural phase transitions as seen by the crossing of the free energy versus temperature curves for the competing structures. Relatively small cusps or inflections in …

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Origins Of Compositional Order In Nipt Alloys, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy Feb 1991

Origins Of Compositional Order In Nipt Alloys, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy

Duane D. Johnson

We investigate the cause of compositional ordering in fcc Ni0.50Pt0.50 on the basis of a first-principles theory of electronic structure and finite-temperature concentration fluctuations. We treat the size effect, electronegativity, and band filling on an equal footing and find that the first of these dominates, leading to L10 ordering in agreement with experiment. An electronic origin is given for the metallurgical ‘‘rule of thumb’’ that alloys comprised of big atoms and little atoms tend to order into simple stuctures.

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The Interaction Between Dislocations And Intergranular Cracks, H. Zhang, Alexander H. King, R. Thomson Feb 1991

The Interaction Between Dislocations And Intergranular Cracks, H. Zhang, Alexander H. King, R. Thomson

Alexander H. King

The elastic interactions of dislocations and intergranular cracks in isotropic materials have been studied. In the first part of the paper, a model based on the Rice–Thomson theory is established under which the conditions for dislocation emission and crack propagation can be described in terms of an emission surface, cleavage surface, and loading line in the local k-space associated with a mixed mode intergranular crack. For a given crack, the local k-field changes with the emission of dislocations from the crack tip, which alters the balance of cleavage and emission. In the second part, we present experimental results of in …

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Random Sequential Adsorption Of Parallel Squares, Benjamin J. Brosilow, Robert M. Ziff, R. Dennis Vigil Jan 1991

Random Sequential Adsorption Of Parallel Squares, Benjamin J. Brosilow, Robert M. Ziff, R. Dennis Vigil

R. Dennis Vigil

The random sequential adsorption of parallel (aligned) squares is studied by computer simulation. A new precise value of the maximum (jamming) coverage is found: I9J =0.562 009+0.000004. The dynamics for times t ~6000 agree with Swendsen s prediction 0J—0(t)-c(lnt)/t. Various twopoint correlation functions are measured, and the effects of the finite size and the discretization of the adsorbing surface are also investigated.

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Optimering Van Koagulasie En Flokkulasie In Die Herwinning Van Koelwater Uit Oliesintese-Afvalwater, Johannes Van Leeuwen, P. Wille Jan 1991

Optimering Van Koagulasie En Flokkulasie In Die Herwinning Van Koelwater Uit Oliesintese-Afvalwater, Johannes Van Leeuwen, P. Wille

Johannes van Leeuwen

The activated sludge process, which is used in the purification of an oil synthesis effiuent, produces an effiuent which is high in turbidity. The water also contains a lot of dispersed bacterial growth which is not removed during sedimentation. Flocculation is essential to remove these materials. The average diameter of the colloids was found to be 0,92/'m. The zeta potential of the colloids was determined in an attempt to correlate it to the amount of flocculant required. The value was relatively constant at -13,88 mV, which indicates that a cationic·coagulant was required. The required dosage to achieve clarification by means …

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Thermodynamics Of Solid And Liquid Eam Metals: A Variational Study, Richard Alan Lesar, R. Najafabadi, D. J. Jan 1991

Thermodynamics Of Solid And Liquid Eam Metals: A Variational Study, Richard Alan Lesar, R. Najafabadi, D. J.

Richard Alan Lesar

We present results of variational calculations of the Helmholtz free energy and the thermodynamic properties of a series of metallic liquids and solids (Ag,Au,Cu,Ni, Pd, Pt) described by embedded‐atom‐method potentials. For the solids, we use a variational procedure based on an Einstein‐model reference state. The free energies of liquids are calculated with an approximate variational method proposed by Ross. At the respective melting points, the present results for the Helmholtz free energy are within about 1% of the results of accurate Monte Carlo (MC) calculations with the same interaction potentials, both for the fluid and the solid. The average error …

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The Slater–Pauling Curve: First Principles Calculations Of The Moments Of Fe1 − C Ni C And V1 − C Fe C, Duane Johnson, F. Pinski, J. Staunton Jan 1991

The Slater–Pauling Curve: First Principles Calculations Of The Moments Of Fe1 − C Ni C And V1 − C Fe C, Duane Johnson, F. Pinski, J. Staunton

Duane D. Johnson

We have performed calculations of the electronic structure of the random substitutional alloys Fe1−c Ni c and V1−c Fe c using the spin‐polarized, self‐consistent Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker coherent‐potential approximation (KKR‐CPA) method. This is a first principles method based on spin density functionaltheory and a local spin density approximation for the exchange and correlation functional. For fcc Fe1−c Ni c , a range of volumes were considered for 0.25

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Crystal Structures Of N2o To 12 Gpa By X‐Ray Diffraction, R. L. Mills, Bart Olinger, D. T. Cromer, Richard Alan Lesar Jan 1991

Crystal Structures Of N2o To 12 Gpa By X‐Ray Diffraction, R. L. Mills, Bart Olinger, D. T. Cromer, Richard Alan Lesar

Richard Alan Lesar

The structures and phase transitions of N2O were studied by powder x‐ray diffraction in a tungsten–carbide anvil device from about 100 to 300 K and 2 to 12 GPa. Two solid phases, α‐N2O and β‐N2O, were observed. The α pattern is consistent with the known low‐pressure low‐temperature ordered cubic form, space group Pa3, up to 4.8 GPa where transition to a new β solid occurs. From refinements using photographic x‐ray intensities, the β‐N2O structure was determined to be orthorhombic Cmca. There are four molecules in a unit cell with a=4.954 Å, b=4.497 Å, and c=6.201 Å at 5.81 GPa and …

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