Engineering Commons^™

Preliminary Water Quality Assessment Using Canadian Water Quality Index Of Ras El-Ain Ponds, South Lebanon, Hussien Ali Fayad, Safaa Baydoun, Mohamad Reda Soliman

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Water quality deterioration in Lebanon is a pressing national issue and there is a high need for continuous water quality assessment and monitoring of water bodies in the country. This study aims at assessing water quality of Ras El-Ain Ponds, a major natural water resource for domestic use in Tyre district, South Lebanon by using the widely applied Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Sampling was conducted during February-March, 2023 and physiochemical and microbiological water quality parameters were determined using standardized methods. Assessed parameters in our study are temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total …

Optimization Of The Bio-Synthesis Of Magnesium Nanoparticles From Staphylococcus Haemolyticus: A Pilot Study, Mariam Bassam, Malak Mezher, Mahmoud Khalil

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly. This field has many influences in humans’ life. Nanoparticles (NPs) have many unique properties including the size, shape, morphology, and surface area. The synthesis of NPs could be achieved by three ways: physical, chemical, and biological. However, the biological synthesis of NPs has a priority on the other domains due to its safety and environmental friendship. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to synthesize magnesium (Mg) NPs from the bacterium S. haemolyticus which was isolated from the Lebanese wastewater. Different parameters were applied to detect the best conditions to produce the highest …

Volar V-Y Advancement Flaps In Reconstructing Fingertip Injuries, Sawsan Abiad

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Fingertip injuries with exposed bones and joints require immediate or early closure for the preservation of function and avoidance of complications. The ideal procedure should maintain the length of the finger and cover the defect with non-tender, well-padded skin with normal sensation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the different types of volar V-Y advancement flaps in reconstructing and resurfacing injuries of the fingertips at different levels and angles. Thirty patients (N=30) sustaining fingertip injuries of variable etiology and lost components, type III & IV according to Allen’s classification were divided into two groups (n=15) …

Human Gender Classification Using Kinect Sensor: A Review, Hesham Adnan Alabbasi, Florica Moldoveanu, Alin Moldoveanu

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Human Gender Classification using Kinect sensor aims to classifying people’s gender based on their outward appearance. Application areas of Kinect sensor technology includes security, marketing, healthcare, and gaming. However, because of the changes in pose, attire, and illumination, gender determination with the Kinect sensor is not a trivial task. It is based on a variety of characteristics, including biological, social network, face, and body aspects. In recent years, gender classification that utilizes the Kinect sensor became a popular and essential way for accurate gender classification. A variety of methods and approaches, like machine learning, convolutional neural networks, sport vector machine …

Behavior Of Concrete Mixes Using Recycled Aggregate Confined With Steel Sections, Latifa Sobhi Kassem, Adnan El-Masri, Nour Webhi

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RAC) is a form of recycled concrete that has been studied for green building for the past 50 years. It can be used to create strong structures, such as seismic retrofitting of earthquake-prone structures. Studies have attempted to experimentally study the effect of using recycled aggregate in concrete, but the literature lacks the use of recycled concrete aggregate rapped with steel rings. This study examines the behavior of circular concrete columns with different percentages of recycled aggregate. It examines the behavior of a column with different percentages of recycled aggregate, one without jacketing, one with partial jacketing, …

Modeling Of Amine-Based Co2 Capture Process, Zafar Safarovich Turakulov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

A significant factor influencing climate change is the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere as a consequence of human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Climate change can be slowed down by taking action to mitigate industrial-scale CO₂ emissions. Currently, the most advanced technology for capturing CO₂ from industrial flue gases is the post-combustion CO₂ capture based on amine absorption. However, due to the high energy penalties of existing CO₂ capture technologies and insufficient carbon markets, it is necessary to develop methods that compete with these technologies or minimize their …

The Use Of Ultraviolet Radiation As A Means Of Destroying Microorganisms In Cherries, Jasur Safarov, Shaxnoza Sultanova, Pulatov M. Murodjon

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article discusses methods for extending the shelf life of cherries, having previously treated it with an ultraviolet ray. The article also presents the results obtained, which prove that the shelf life of cherries exposed to ultraviolet increases. At the same time, the article describes in detail the processing technique and presents the results of research.

Study Of Dynamic Characteristics Of The Mechanical Circuit Of The Developed Induction Inertial Vibration Transducer, Sulton Fayzullayevich Amirov, Asror Abdunabiyevich Shoimkulov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article examines the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical circuit of the developed induction vibration transducer. It is found that in the investigated transducers forced oscillations occur with the frequency of the input disturbing force, the amplitude of forced oscillations does not depend on the initial conditions and time, and in forced oscillations with damping there is always a shift of the oscillation phase compared to the phase of the input disturbing force. It is shown that the induction vibration transducer reproduces the measured vibrations with small distortions only in a relatively narrow frequency region at frequencies of the input …

Mathematical Models And Calculation Of Parameters Of Optoelectronic Angular Displacement Converters, Yuriy Gennadyevich Shipulin, Azimjon Khusanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article discusses promising optoelectronic converters (OP) for wide application of angular movements. A methodology and diagram for calculating OP with the transverse movement of a moving element is presented; in order to simplify the calculation, the weight range of angular movements is conventionally divided into three sub ranges. A graph is given of the dependence of the area of the photosensitive surface of a photo resistor made from a single crystal of high-resistivity p-type silicon.

Smart System For Wheat Diseases Early Detection, Rustam Baratov, Himola Sunnatillayeva, Almardon Mamatovich Mustafoqulov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper presents a smart system for early detection of wheat plant diseases in the vegetation period. The proposed smart system allows detecting three types of wheat diseases, particularly yellow rust, powdery mildew and septoria at early stage and significantly improves the soil and ecology by locally spraying harmful chemicals just to sickness plants. The proposed diagnostic program is created in the C++ programming language. The basic structure of the smart system consists of Raspberry PI 4 MODULE, Logitech HD Pro Webcam C920, buzzer, HC-SR04 distance sensor, DC motor driver, AC motor, power supply, relay and some digital devices.

Improvement Of Calorimetric Quality Analyzers For Substances, Makhfuza Azimovna Radjabova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

It is noted that the development of intelligent means of measuring qualitative indices is of topical importance. Since the quality of many substances is determined by optical methods, an algorithm for spectrophotometric data processing has been developed, which consists of primary data processing (stage I) and determination of qualitative indices of liquid products (stage II). Since the task of numerical determination of colour characteristics of transmittance coefficients of liquid samples is incorrectly set, it is recommended to use regularization methods of A.N.Tikhonov to improve metrological characteristics of the device. On the basis of regularization methods for solving incorrect problems, algorithms …

Algorithms For Synthesis Of Adaptive Control Systems With A Customized Model Using The Speed Gradient Method, Jasur Sevinov, Oxunjon Boborayimov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Algorithms are considered for the synthesis of adaptive control systems with a customized model based on the speed gradient method. For the synthesis of adaptive control systems, the identification approach is based on obtaining estimates of the unknown parameters in the object. By calculating the speed gradient, identification algorithms with an explicit and implicit customized model were obtained as well as that in sliding modes. A joint solution is given to the interrelated problems of identifying parameters with insufficient current information. The position of an object is about assessing the state with insufficient a priori information about its parameters. This …

Application Of Quantum Algorithms In The Synthesis Of Dynamic Objects, Noilakhon Yakubova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Around the world, the food industry is focusing on achieving energy and resource efficiency. One of the main challenges in the field of process automation is the creation of effective control systems using intelligent technologies to improve the quality of processes and achieve the production of high-quality products with less energy and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to work with a large amount of data. Particular attention is paid to the development of computational algorithms for automated high-speed computational analysis systems for processing this data at high speed. Therefore, the article discusses the use of quantum computing methods in controlling …

System For Advanced Control Of Thermal Parameters Of Glass Furnaces, O'Tkir Xolmanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The results of an analysis of the functioning of glass furnaces for melting semi-white or discolored glass as an object of automatic control and management are presented. Through experimental research, a parametric control scheme for a glass melting furnace was formed and a system for improved control of thermal glass melting processes was synthesized. The proposed system regulates the parameters of a furnace with a horseshoe-shaped flame development. Based on commercially produced instruments and automation equipment that ensure stabilization of thermal conditions of glass melting. The burner block control algorithm provides control over the performance of the gas burner, safety …

Intelligent Decision Support System, Khurshid Salim Ugli Turayev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article studies issues related to the development of intelligent systems located in an environment capable of perceiving this environment and acting autonomously to achieve assigned tasks. To create an intelligent process control system, it is necessary to monitor the mode to ensure high quality of finished products with minimal energy consumption at a given productivity of the entire complex. It is important to have a flow of input data to provide the system with operational information to support decision making.

The proposed intelligent control system makes it possible to analyze the results of production activities to make organizational and …

Life Cycle Management Of A Technological Complex For Separating Multicomponent Mixtures Under Conditions Of Uncertainty Of Parameters, Yusuf Shodievich Avazov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issue of control the lifecycle of technological complexes of multicomponent mixtures is considered, taking into account the uncertainty of parameters. Among uncertainties such as parameter uncertainty, model uncertainty, choice uncertainty under variability, spatial variability uncertainty, temporal variability uncertainty, inter-site variability uncertainty, more attention is paid to input parameter uncertainty and action uncertainty. The rectification technology is schematically presented, the influence of parameter uncertainty on the technological functions of the rectification complex. The scheme analyzes the control and assessment of “uncertainty” to repeat the lifecycle of the rectification complex and make changes to the components of the rectification complex technology. …

Rans-Dns Simulations For Uncertainty Quantification In Dns Data Of Turbulent Mixing Layer, Mohamed Abuhegazy

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

Mixing layer flow is one of the canonical free shear flows in fluid dynamics. Such a flow is formed when two fluid streams move along one another with different velocities. Investigation of this flow development has been an active topic of research for many decades not only due to a wide range of environmental and technological applications where this flow may be observed, but also because of large discrepancies in the results obtained experimentally and numerically regardless this flow simple geometry. In this dissertation, the quality and uncertainty of extracted turbulent statistics of mixing layer flow are analyzed by applying …

Indicators Affecting Passenger Service Processes And Their Scientific Interpretation, Maxliyoxon Madaminova Maxamatjon Qizi, Saidazim Amanullayevich Ganihodjayev

Technical science and innovation

Many traffic flow parameters affect the performance of the road network at high voltage. These are low vehicle speeds, high vehicle distances relative to road capacity, and density per unit time (lane occupancy). In turn, a number of factors affect the decrease in traffic speed: the presence of slow-moving vehicles in the stream; pedestrians crossing the road irregularly; increase in traffic flow, etc. The issues of public transportation depend on many factors, each of which requires a separate approach and a complex solution. In large cities around the world, the quality indicators of public transport services, including the issues of …

Use Of Hydroelectric Power Plants In Regulation Of Daily Load Of The Electric Power System Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Boborakhim Urishev, Burkhon Donayevich Donayev,

Technical science and innovation

The necessity of optimal regulation of power generation and consumption in the energy system of the Republic of Uzbekistan by highly manoeuvrable hydro- and hydro-storage power plants has been substantiated, their participation in the regulation of energy production process has been analysed on the example of the daily load schedule of the energy system. The method of determining the energy characteristics of power plants by solving the problem of optimal distribution of loads between hydro- and thermoelectric power plants during the day, taking into account the maximum use of limited water resources. The results of calculations of load distribution between …

Creating A 3d Model Of The Planned Construction Area Of The Npp In Autocad Civil, Аbduvali A. Abduazizov, Olimjon Raxmonovich Allanazarov, Anvarjon Pardaboy Ugli Pardaboyev, Xusnidin Abdushukurovich Qoraboyev, Kamolliddin Аbdishukurovich Qoraboyev

Technical science and innovation

This article presents the AutoCAD Civil of the area where a nuclear power plant is planned to be built. in a programme A 3D model has been created . AutoCAD Civil in article The program is considered a universal program for performing work in the field of geodesy, topography, general plans, as well as the design and reconstruction of linear objects (roads, railways, utility networks). The main feature of the program in this work is a dynamic design model, which allows you to quickly and without errors make changes to the project at any design stage and in any model …

Potential Applications Of Encoders, Erkin Uljaev, Utkirjon Murodillayevich Ubaydullaev

Technical science and innovation

This article explores the applicability of diverse sensor types—such as optical, magnetic incremental encoder and potentiometric sensors—for controlling the turning angle of tractor steering wheels, specifically addressing the control challenges faced by semi-mounted cotton pickers. The discussion encompasses fundamental principles, operational aspects, advantages, and limitations of turning angle sensors prevalent in the industry. Emphasizing advancements in sensor technology, the article recommends sensor options for controlling the steering wheel's turning angle, crucial for enhanced maneuverability and operational efficiency of semi-mounted cotton pickers. Various sensor types, including optical and magnetic encoders and potentiometers, are evaluated for their suitability in this context. Optical …

The Interaction Of The Cotton Piece With The Piles Of The Scrabble Cotton Drum, Fazliddin Egamberdiev, Ilkhom Abbazov, Oybek Kholmuratov, Rashid Kaldybaev

Technical science and innovation

This article presents the results of an analytical study of the process of loosening and cleaning raw cotton from small debris by pileging working bodies of purifiers, on the basis of which directions for further research were chosen to optimize the parameters of the developed pile drum with spherical piles and rubber strips. Cotton entering production contains impurities. The processes of loosening and cleaning the fiber shreds are key in the initial stages of ginning, as they prepare the raw cotton for ginning and directly affect the reliability, productivity of these processes and the quality of the resulting fiber. Weed …

An Experimental Investigation Of The New Vibration Viscometer, Jamshidbek Ulugbek Ugli Shamuratov

Technical science and innovation

The characteristics of the new oscillating-plate viscometer have been investigated experimentally. The results obtained are as follows: the resonant frequency of plate oscillation decreases with increasing viscosity; the apparatus constant 𝐾 determined experimentally includes the end and slip effects; the dimensions of the plate should be determined by referring to empirical relations between 𝜌𝜇 and Λ(≡{(𝐸𝑎𝐸)−1}𝑛) for various dimensions of the plate; where 𝜌 is the density, 𝜇 is the viscosity; 𝐸𝑎 the resonant amplitude of plate in the air; E the amplitude of plate in a liquid, and 𝑛 a constant. If the distance between the plate and the …

Reliable Emergency Rescue Model Of Uavs Based On Blockchain, Mengyao Du, Kai Xu, Miao Zhang, Xiang Fu, Quanjun Yin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Natural disasters may unpredictably disrupt ground communication infrastructure and transportation systems, and UAVs emergency response can deal with such uncertainties and highly dynamic scenarios. Aiming at the robustness requirements of decentralized rescue systems. UAV emergency rescue chain (UERChain) based on blockchain technology is proposed. By deploying UAV backbone nodes within a layered local network, the smart contracts for managing reputation considering UAV social relationships are designed. The blockchain is employed as a trust mechanism to realize the trustworthy interactions among distributed UAVs. Experimental results show that, UERChain has higher robustness, and within controllable resource constraints, the reputation management and …

Automatic Target Recognition Of Substation 3d Scene For Digital Twin, Qian Tu, Jun Li, Dongliang Fan, Qi Kong, Jie Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of automatic target recognition and promote the effect on substation operation and maintenance, automatic target recognition of substation 3D scene for digital twin is proposed. The automatic target recognition model for the three dimensional scene of the substation is constructed. The perception module of the model is used to collect the real-time status data of substation, and the communication module is used to transmit the data to digital twin modules. This module, based on the received data information, realizes the deep fusion and panoramic mapping of substation information through the knowledge base constructed …

Urban Uav Path Planning Based On Improved Beetle Search Algorithm, Qingqing Yang, Minyi Deng, Yi Peng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An improved SABAS is proposed to improve the safety and path smoothing of UAV missions in urban multi-obstacle environments and to obtain the shortest path. The algorithm no longer completely depends on the difference of odor concentration between the left and the right tentacles of beetle when exploring the path for position update. Instead, it makes full use of the strong searching ability of BAS algorithm, and introduces the annealing algorithm to add the neighborhood position solution of the next position, and finally selects the next best position from the neighborhood position solution. Metropolis criterion of annealing algorithm is …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Evolution Model Of Unsaturated Shear Strength Indices Over A Wide Range Of Saturation, Yu-Xin Zhao, Xu Li, Hong-Fen Zhao, Yan Liu

Rock and Soil Mechanics

The variation of shear strength indices of unsaturated soil with the degree of saturation Sr is complicated. In order to describe the experimental phenomena, the existing literature on the variations of cohesion, internal friction angle and dilation angle with Sr is analyzed. The results show that: (1) When Sr decreases and the pore water gradually transits from capillary water to adsorbed water, the friction angle increases. The turning point can be defined as critical degree of saturation Src. When Sr is greater than Src, the value of the friction angle is constant; when Sr is less than Src, the friction …

Classification And Damage Characteristics Of Complex Secondary Cracks In Granite Residual Soil, Cheng-Sheng Li, Bing-Xin Zhang, Zhi-Jun Liu

Rock and Soil Mechanics

The development of cracks is important to the damage and failure of soil. In order to study the evolution of meso-cracks in granite residual soil with complex geotechnical engineering properties, a series of reconstructed volume images was obtained by using CT to scan the process of the triaxial compression test. The crack volume overlap rate is introduced to improve the crack classification method proposed by the author, and the accuracy of judging the connectivity of the two cracks before and after deformation is improved. The results reveal that the change of crack volume overlap rate has a slight effect on …

Pull-Out Test Study On Mechanical Characteristics Of Geogrid-Aggregate Interface, Mu-Han Yan, Xian-Zhang Ling, Liang Tang, Hong Xiao, Xu-Guo Song

Rock and Soil Mechanics

Geogrids are often used in the aggregate cushion of the composite foundation to limit the lateral displacement and reduce the differential deformation. It depends on the interaction between geogrids and aggregate particles. In this study, a series of large-size pull-out tests was performed on biaxial and triaxial geogrids embedded in aggregates with three particle-size gradations. The test results showed that higher normal stress, better gradation and more suitable aggregate particle sizes yielded the increase of the pull-out resistance. The classic punching-shear failure model was proven to be valid for explaining the shear effect between transverse ribs of biaxial geogrids and …