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- Keyword
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- Abandoned Coal Mine; Golden Eagle; Coalbed Methane; Gas Production; Coal Mine Methane; Numerical Modeling; Overburden Relaxation; Gas Migration (1)
- Air Changes; Slate; Strip and Block Saws; Chimney Fan; Silica; Respirable Dust (1)
- Area Ratio; Flow Ratio; Entrainment; Momentum; Energy; Pressure; Jet Mixing Length; Mixing Velocity; Performance; Losses; Efficiency (1)
- Auxiliary Ventilation; Duct Leakage; Leakage Coefficient; Leakage Prediction Techniques (1)
- Axial Flow Fan; Blade Pitch; Block Caving; Production Level; Haulage Level; Intake Shaft; Exhaust Shaft (1)
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- Barrier; Explosion; Film Destruction; Methane Concentration; Shock Wave (1)
- Cab; Dust Control; Mobile Equipment; Quartz; Respirable Dust; Environmental Cab (1)
- Coal Face; Longwall Shearer; Dust Level; Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coal; Operational Parameters (1)
- Coal Mining; Continuous Mining; Dust Control; Dust Exposure; Personal Exposure; Dust Sampling; Personal Sampling; Fixed-point Sampling (1)
- Coal; Dust; Underground; Explosions; Risk; Protective; Preventative; Management (1)
- Coal; Methane; Mining; Ventilation; Combustion; Regenerative; Greenhouse Gas (1)
- Coal; Thin-seam; Ventilation; Panel Layout (1)
- Coalbed Methane; Degasification; Downtime; Methane Drainage; Room-and-pillar Mining; Ventilation Economics (1)
- Coalbed Methane; Degasification; Methane Drainage; Reservoir Simulation; 3-D Model; Vertical; Degas; Permeability (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); Scale Model; Pressure Measurements; Auxiliary Ventilation (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics; Diesel Exhaust; Fire Heat Release Rate; Overbuild; Simulations; Transit Station; Tunnel Ventilation (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mine Fire; Smoke Spread; Flow Reversal (1)
- Conductivity; Diffusivity; VRT; Heat Flow; Lucky Friday Mine (1)
- Controlled Recirculation; Deep Gold Mine; Conceptual Model (1)
- Design; Fans; Air Volume; Air Distribution; Operating Cost; Airflow Control (1)
- Diesel Exhaust; Diesel Particulate Matter; Fuel Additive Properties; Catalytic Converter (1)
- Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM); Coal Mining; Exposure; Filtration; maintenance; Ventilation; Enforcement; Health and Safety; Engine; Testing (1)
- Direct and Inverse Problem; Convective Diffusion; Linear Accumulation; Integra-Differential Equation; Dimensionless Absorption Coefficient; Dimensionless Accumulation Coefficient (1)
- Dust Extraction; Dust Explosions; Dust Hazards. Methane; Health Protection; Pneumoconiosis; Wet Dust Collectors; Vortex Ventubes; Combined Ventilation System; Exhaust Ventilation (1)
- Dust Extraction; Dust Explosions; Dust Hazards; Methane Hazards; Health Protection; Pneumoconiosis; Wet Dust Collectors; Vortex Ventubes; Combined Ventilation System; Exhaust Ventilation (1)
- Dust Sampling; Airborne Dust; Instantaneous Dust Sampler; Dust Deposition; Mechanized Coal Face; Middle Anatolian Lignite Mine (1)
- Dust Suppression; Sprays; Half-Curtain; Force/Jet Fan; Continuous Miner; Underground (1)
- Early Warning; Fire Detection; Discriminating; Diesel Engine; Carbon Monoxide; Nitric Oxide; Ambient; Alarms (1)
- Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR); Acoustic Emission (AE); Coal Fracture; Coal and Methane Outburst; Rock Outburst (1)
- Emissions; Diesel Engine; Sootfilter; Catalyst; Exhaust Aftertreatment; Cerium; Particulate Matter; DPM; Regeneration (1)
Articles 31 - 60 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Radiological Modelling Software For Underground Uranium Mines, Brian Bjorndal, Reza Moridi
Radiological Modelling Software For Underground Uranium Mines, Brian Bjorndal, Reza Moridi
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The Canadian Institute for Radiation Safety (CAIRS) has been developed computer simulation software for modelling radiological parameters in underground uranium mines. The computer program, called 3d RAD, allows radiation protection professionals and mine ventilation engineers to quickly simulate radon and radon progeny activity concentrations and potential alpha energy concentrations in complex mine networks. The simulation component of 3d RAD, called RSOL VER, is an adaptation of an existing modelling program called VENTRAD, originally developed at Queen's University, Ontario. Based on user defined radiation source terms and network physical properties, radiological parameters in the network are calculated iteratively by solving Bateman's …
Optimization Of The Ventilation System At Kidd Mine Of Falcon Bridge Limited, Josef Sedlacek
Optimization Of The Ventilation System At Kidd Mine Of Falcon Bridge Limited, Josef Sedlacek
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Kidd Mine is the single largest producing base metal mine of Falconbridge Limited. Approximately 3 million tonnes of zinc-copper ore is produced annually. The present ventilation system, designed some 30 years ago, uses a multitude of intake and exhaust fans, in a series-parallel configuration, to move 925 m3/s (2,000,000 cfm) through the mine. The system, owing to the ever increasing depth of mining, has reached its limitation and has become cumbersome to maintain. It was recognized that with the mine progressing from the original depth of 855 m (2800 ft) to the current depth of 2070 m (6800 …
Genetic Algorithm Optimization Of A Large U.K. Coal Mine Ventilation Network, Zhi-Yuan Yang, I. S. Lowndes, B. Denby
Genetic Algorithm Optimization Of A Large U.K. Coal Mine Ventilation Network, Zhi-Yuan Yang, I. S. Lowndes, B. Denby
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
This paper reports on results of an application of a genetic algorithm to the optimisation of a large UK Coal Mine Ventilation Network. The genetic algorithm technique has been developed into a computer program for minimising the total network operating fan power costs. The application of booster fans may become an attractive alternative for ventilation engineers to provide an adequate supply of fresh air around the working areas in some deep and/or extensive mines. The objective of this research is to minimize the total power consumption of a ventilation system by determining the optimum combinations of (1) main fan and …
Ventilation Optimization — Balancing The Need For More Power Against Environmental Concerns, Stephen G. Hardcastle, R. D. Lamond, D. T. Willoughby
Ventilation Optimization — Balancing The Need For More Power Against Environmental Concerns, Stephen G. Hardcastle, R. D. Lamond, D. T. Willoughby
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
This paper shows how the Nanisivik mine was able to improve the underground working environment, decrease operational costs, and reduce its impact on the environment through optimizing their ventilation system. Through re-organizing their ventilation system, the overall flow through the mine increased by at least 20%, and local flows increased by over 100%. This change also resulted in a 45% reduction of fan motor power. And as a consequence of reduced power demands the mine has decreased its Green-house gas (GHG) emissions. Currently, ventilation is typically responsible for 40% of a Canadian mine's underground electrical consumption. This could dramatically change …
Water Injection In Longwall Top-Coal Caving Face In China, Zhang Yong, Fu Gui
Water Injection In Longwall Top-Coal Caving Face In China, Zhang Yong, Fu Gui
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
This paper discussed the means of improving dust control efficiency using water injection. At first, the authors point out that internal water has effect on dust control. The objective of water injection is to increase the amount of internal water. Secondly, by analyzing the development trend of crack in top-coal, proper water injection station and boleholes can be determined for dust control.
Characteristics Of Airborne Dust In The Return Airways Of The Mechanized Longwall Face, Tevfik Güyagüler, Sinan Keskin
Characteristics Of Airborne Dust In The Return Airways Of The Mechanized Longwall Face, Tevfik Güyagüler, Sinan Keskin
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
In this paper the results of a research study on the characterisation of airborne dust in the return airway of the mechanized longwall face at Middle Anatolian Lignite Mine, OAL are presented. Dust, temperature, moisture and air velocity measurements were carried out in the return airways of the fully mechanized longwalls. Then the analyses of results on real-time concentration data, mass concentration data, effect of moisture, heat and air velocity on dust concentration are made. It has been found that amount of dust in return airway is directly related to the face activities and to the amount of settled dust …
Increased Methane Emissions For Mechanical Miners Working In Burnt Coal, A. P. Cook
Increased Methane Emissions For Mechanical Miners Working In Burnt Coal, A. P. Cook
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
An intensive research programme has quantified the methane conditions around mechanical miners in production conditions. Methane seam gas contents show an increase of up to 26 times when mining burnt coal compared with normal increase in emission rates. Coal seam methane contents at the face increased from 1 m3/t to 6m3/t in one section, and from 0.1 m3/t to 2.6 m3/t in another. Emission rates from burnt coal were as high as 300 lit/min as it was mined. These increases in content and emission occur immediately after cutting into the burnt coal. …
Recovery Of Methane From The Abandoned Golden Eagle Mine Property, Kenton L. Hupp, Carol Bibler, Raymond C. Pilcher
Recovery Of Methane From The Abandoned Golden Eagle Mine Property, Kenton L. Hupp, Carol Bibler, Raymond C. Pilcher
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The abandoned Golden Eagle underground coal mine in Colorado contains gassy coals from which Stroud Oil Properties, Inc. (Stroud) has been recovering gas since 1996. The mine closed permanently in 1996, and during its operation drained methane from gob and ventilation boreholes. Stroud currently produces about 1.8 million cubic feet of near pipeline quality gas per day from six of these boreholes. Although the project has proven successful, gas recovery has been challenging because of low bottom hole pressure and variable borehole performance. Wellhead compressors are required to boost gas pressure for delivery to the main plant. Connecting additional boreholes …
Methane Drainage At The Minerales Monclova Mines In The Sabinas Coal Basin, Coahuila, Mexico, Daniel J. Brunner, Jose Ruben Ponce
Methane Drainage At The Minerales Monclova Mines In The Sabinas Coal Basin, Coahuila, Mexico, Daniel J. Brunner, Jose Ruben Ponce
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Minerales Monclova S.A. De C.V. (MIMOSA) operates five underground longwall mines in the Gassy Los Olmos Coals of the Sabinas Basin in the state of Coahuila in Northern Mexico. Because of high in-situ gas contents and high cleat and natural fracture permeability, MIMOSA has had to incorporate a system of methane drainage in advance of mining in order to safely and cost effectively exploit their reserves. In the early 1990s Resource Enterprises (REI) conducted reservoir characterization tests, numerical simulations, and Coal Mine Methane (CMM) production tests at a nearby mine property in the same basin. Using this information REI approached …
A Proposed New Method To Determine The Effectiveness Of In-Heading Methane Control, F. J. Van Zyl
A Proposed New Method To Determine The Effectiveness Of In-Heading Methane Control, F. J. Van Zyl
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Various methods have been derived to determine the effectiveness with which ventilation systems clears headings of methane in a bord-and-pillar sections. A problem with applying these methods in underground sections is that the either require the face-area air quantity to be measured, which is virtually impossible in South African collieries, or they were developed for test galleries, making it difficult to use in production sections. Taking this into consideration the methane safety index (MSI) method was developed. The method utilizes methane data recorded around an active continuous miner (CM) and an activity log of cm operations to quantitatively assess methane …
Proposed Regulation On Diesel Particulate Matter In Underground Coal Mines, Thomas F. Tomb
Proposed Regulation On Diesel Particulate Matter In Underground Coal Mines, Thomas F. Tomb
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The Mine Safety and Health Administration published a proposed rule for underground coal mines that use diesel-powered equipment. The proposed rule, published April 9, 1998, would establish new health standards. These new standards would reduce the risks to miners of serious health hazards that are associated with exposure to high concentrations of diesel particulate matter (dpm). The proposed rule would require that mine operators install and maintain high efficiency filtration systems on the most polluting types of diesel-powered equipment. The rule would also require that miners be trained about the hazards of dpm exposure. This paper reviews the requirements of …
Mine Fire Detection In The Presence Of Diesel Emissions, J. C. Edwards, R. A. Franks, G. F. Friel, C. P. Lazzara, J. J. Opferman
Mine Fire Detection In The Presence Of Diesel Emissions, J. C. Edwards, R. A. Franks, G. F. Friel, C. P. Lazzara, J. J. Opferman
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
A series of four coal combustion experiments was conducted at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) in the Safety Research Coal Mine (SRCM) to evaluate the response of fire sensors to a small 0.61 m square smoldering coal fire which transitions to flaming combustion in the presence of diesel emissions. An optical path smoke sensor alarmed earlier than a point type diffusion mode ionization smoke sensor, which alarmed prior to a co alert value of 5 PPM above ambient. The presence of steady state diesel emissions resulted in a decrease in the optical …
Non-Destructive Field Measurements Of Rock Temperature And Heat Flow In A Hot Mine, Vilen P. Chernyak, Eduard N. Malashenko, Pierre Mousset-Jones
Non-Destructive Field Measurements Of Rock Temperature And Heat Flow In A Hot Mine, Vilen P. Chernyak, Eduard N. Malashenko, Pierre Mousset-Jones
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
A number of thermophysical measurements were carried out at the Meikle mine in Nevada in order to obtain new data concerning heat flows and wall temperatures in a hot mine. This was necessary to verify known methods of heat flow calculation and compare experimental with theoretical results. The Meikle mine was chosen because it is operated in an area of high rock temperature caused by the hydrothermal nature of the deposit and the presence of water at 60°C. The airflow rates in some of the inactive areas and the predicted background rock temperature at the mine are similar to those …
Foreword, Jerry C. Tien
Committees, Multiple Members
Published Proceedings Of The Previous Mine Ventilation Symposia, Multiple Authors
Published Proceedings Of The Previous Mine Ventilation Symposia, Multiple Authors
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
No abstract provided.
Ventilation System Design For A Thin-Seam Mining Panel, Darren Holman, Ian Loomis, Malcolm Mcpherson
Ventilation System Design For A Thin-Seam Mining Panel, Darren Holman, Ian Loomis, Malcolm Mcpherson
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The extraction of coal from thin-seams is an important component of the future of coal mining in the commonwealth of Virginia. For thin-seam mining systems to be successful they must be able to provide production comparable to the current production methods in thicker seams. This necessitates the extensive use of remote mining technology. Regardless of The level of automation of the remote systems, efficient ventilation remains of paramount importance. This paper investigates several thin-seam mine panel schemes and possible variations in the ventilation systems. The primary approach made, however, is one of a pair of parallel panels mined simultaneously. A …
Control Of Heat And Humidity In German Mines, Wolfgang Schlotte
Control Of Heat And Humidity In German Mines, Wolfgang Schlotte
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
In order to increase the economic efficiency of West European hard coal, great efforts are being made at present in the coal-producing countries to lower production costs. This aim is to be achieved in Germany, among other things, by a drastic increase in the saleable output per working face up to an average of 10,000 t/d in these cases where very long longwall faces (400 m ± 50 m) are possible. With the substantially greater heat input into the air stream which this involves, there is the danger that climatic limits will be exceeded even at longwall faces with lower …
Mathematical Description Of Air Cooling Using A Mining Diaphragm Cooler Taking Into Consideration The Condensation Of Water Vapour, Waclaw Dziunyński, Stanislaw Nawrat, Bernard Nowak, Janusz Roszkowski
Mathematical Description Of Air Cooling Using A Mining Diaphragm Cooler Taking Into Consideration The Condensation Of Water Vapour, Waclaw Dziunyński, Stanislaw Nawrat, Bernard Nowak, Janusz Roszkowski
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Taking into consideration the possibility of condensation of water vapour contained in air which flows through a diaphragm cooler, a mathematical model of space-time changes in air temperature, humidity, and also in the temperature of the heat exchanger and the cooling water in the cooler in question was created. In the mathematical description of air-cooling using the above-mentioned cooler two zones was identified. The first concerns the dry cooling of air, while within the second, the process of outdropping of water contained in the cooled air. Each of these zones has been described by applying a system of three partial …
Management Of Mine Explosion Risks, Jan J. L. Du Plessis, J. W. Oberholzer
Management Of Mine Explosion Risks, Jan J. L. Du Plessis, J. W. Oberholzer
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The management of explosions in the underground mining environment has been a high priority for managers since the turn of the century. In the early 1900s explosions, worldwide, reached catastrophic dimensions. In a number of large explosions more than 1000 people have died. In the early years of research, the basics of why explosions occurred were investigated and the participation of coal dust in underground coal mine explosions was proved. Taffanel, a French researcher, was one of the pioneers in establishing the use of stone dust and was instrumental in the design and development of the first stone-dust barriers. Throughout …
Rapid Extinguishing Of Sponcom Fires In Underground Mines, Zygmunt Kajdasz, George Zieba
Rapid Extinguishing Of Sponcom Fires In Underground Mines, Zygmunt Kajdasz, George Zieba
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The main purpose presented in this paper is to present active and passive methods to fight a sponcom fire. The active method uses an inert gas generator called the GAG while the passive method is through the use of ventilation software. In most sponcom situations a combination of these two methods results in rapid extinguishing of the overheated areas. The presented software allows for accurate and "real time" analysis of the ventilation network. Application of the GAG has been proven on many occasions as an effective means of large volumes of mine atmosphere.
Performance Of Distributed Bagged Stone Dust Barrier In Combating Coal-Dust Explosions, Jan J. L. Du Plessis, Pierre S. Vassard
Performance Of Distributed Bagged Stone Dust Barrier In Combating Coal-Dust Explosions, Jan J. L. Du Plessis, Pierre S. Vassard
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
The Kloppersbos Research Facility of the CSIR's Division of Mining Technology has developed a new method of building stone dust barriers. The new barrier makes use of a previous concept of containing stone dust in a bag, but incorporates a new method of rupturing the bag. This was achieved by adapting the closing mechanism and by balancing the stone dust content with the void in the bag. The bagged barrier was extensively tested in the 200-m test gallery. During these tests, it became evident that these bags could be made to rupture and spread stone dust when subjected to smaller …
Shock Waves Generated In The Presence Of Barriers In Gas Explosions, Baiquan Lin, Shining Zhou
Shock Waves Generated In The Presence Of Barriers In Gas Explosions, Baiquan Lin, Shining Zhou
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
This paper examines conditions that generates shock waves in a gas explosion through experiment. The result shows that the presence of barrier and thin film, which is similar to air door and stopping in underground coal mines, is very important for the generation of shock waves in a gas explosion. When there are physical barriers, the speed of transmission would be very fast and shock waves will result in the process; when the film is destroyed in gas explosion, shock waves will also appear which would result in an increase in explosion power. Therefore, in order to weaken the gas …
Cfd Analysis Of Mine Fire Smoke Spread And Reverse Flow Conditions, J. C. Edwards, C. C. Hwang
Cfd Analysis Of Mine Fire Smoke Spread And Reverse Flow Conditions, J. C. Edwards, C. C. Hwang
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program was used to model buoyancy induced Product-Of-Combustion (POC) spread from experimental fires in the National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL), safety research coal mine. In one application, the CFD program was used to predict spread from fires in an entry under zero airflow conditions. At a location, 0.41 m below the entry's roof at a distance of 30 m from the fire, the measured smoke spread rates were 0.093 and 0.23 m/s for a 30 and a 296 kw fire, respectively. The CFD program predicted spread rates of …
Recovery Of Minerales Monclova Minas V, Patrick Graham, William Marston, Donald Mitchell, John W. Stevenson, David Sullivan
Recovery Of Minerales Monclova Minas V, Patrick Graham, William Marston, Donald Mitchell, John W. Stevenson, David Sullivan
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Methane issuing from a roof-bolt hole ignited when the hot bit was withdrawn. Similar ignitions have occurred in other mines. This one differed in that flames spread quickly, coal was ignited, and, after three futile hours of applying inadequate water and extinguishing agents, the mine was sealed. Fires are fuel and ventilation controlled. In this mine there was an abundance of methane, coal, and wood lagging. Recovery of the mine, therefore, depended on successful control of its ventilation. The recovery was done without anyone suffering a scratch; a remarkable feat considering the abnormal methane outflows and concentrations, the continuing evidence …
Method For Operative Prediction Of Sponcom Hazard In Gob Area, Michael Michaylov
Method For Operative Prediction Of Sponcom Hazard In Gob Area, Michael Michaylov
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Expert systems for SPONCOM risk assessment ·are used for choosing suitable fire-proof mining systems and ventilation schemes. Some of them can even estimate the effectiveness of planned ventilation and specific anti-fire measures for SPONCON risk reduction as early as at the design phase. The method proposed herewith is appropriate for operative evaluation of SPONCM risk in gob areas for the following three phases during longwall development: design stope, the commencement of production, and during production. Data from mine and model experiments and statistical data for the actual coal seams serve as a basis for defining index of relative SPONCOM risk …
Gob Spontaneous Combustion In A Fully Mechanized Long-Wall Top-Coal Caving Face, Jingcai Xu, Jun Deng, Xinghai Zhang, Xingming Guo, Fu Wen
Gob Spontaneous Combustion In A Fully Mechanized Long-Wall Top-Coal Caving Face, Jingcai Xu, Jun Deng, Xinghai Zhang, Xingming Guo, Fu Wen
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Geological conditions allow, underground coal mines in China tend to use comprehensively mechanized roof-coal caving technique in an effort to gain a higher degree of mechanization at coal faces as well as higher coal production rates. As a face advances, a large amount of coal will be left behind in its gob area which may experience a self-enhancing process of coal oxidation and heat accumulation, ultimately leading to open fire. Such a self-enhancing coal spontaneous combustion process is a significantly impeding mine safety and productivity. A sound mathematical model is an important step to predict the probability of spontaneous combustion …
Installation Of Two Main Fans At P.T. Freeport Indonesia's Underground Facilities, Felipe Calizaya, A. Mulyadi
Installation Of Two Main Fans At P.T. Freeport Indonesia's Underground Facilities, Felipe Calizaya, A. Mulyadi
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
This study summarizes the technical aspects related to the installation of two main fans at P.T. Freeport Indonesia: one centrifugal and one axial. The fans were installed to increase the exhaust capacity of two vent systems. The 450 kW fan has been installed on surface to support an underground mine expansion project. The installation included the construction of a transition chamber, a retention wall, and the fan installation and commissioning. The 250 kW fan has been installed in an incline to increase the exhaust capacity of an ore pass ventilation system. The study presents the installation details from ground excavation …
Theoretical Analysis Of Jet Fan Performance Using Momentum And Energy Considerations, Kuda R. Mutama, Allan E. Hall
Theoretical Analysis Of Jet Fan Performance Using Momentum And Energy Considerations, Kuda R. Mutama, Allan E. Hall
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
Jet fans or ductless fans have been analyzed using momentum and energy considerations. This analysis is necessary for the mechanisms of mixing between the jet primary flow and the secondary or induced stream to be understood. In each case it is possible to predict performance in terms of pressure, flow ratios and hence the percentage mechanical efficiency of the whole system using equations derived from momentum and energy principles. The analysis given is suitable for situations where jet fans are utilized as area boosters in a mine ventilation system and in longitudinal vehicular tunnel ventilation. The energy and momentum equations …
Axial Flow Fan Use At San Manuel Mine, Kuda R. Mutama, Dave P. Pelletier
Axial Flow Fan Use At San Manuel Mine, Kuda R. Mutama, Dave P. Pelletier
U.S. Mine Ventilation Symposium
A case study is presented for the use of multiple axial flow main fans as the principle source of the primary mine ventilation system for a large multi level mine. Formerly owned by Magma Copper, BHP Copper Inc.'s San Manuel Mine is a large underground block caving copper mine which started producing copper in 1955. The San Manuel Mine produces over 50,000 tons per day sulfide copper ore. The total airflow into this mine is approximately 800 m3/s (1,600,000 cfm). Providing adequate ventilation has been a very challenging experience as new, deeper levels are developed. BHP relies on …