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Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Analysis Of Sheathed Cold-Formed Steel Wall Studs, Benjamin W. Schafer, Badri Hiriyur
Analysis Of Sheathed Cold-Formed Steel Wall Studs, Benjamin W. Schafer, Badri Hiriyur
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The strength of sheathed wall systems is substantially greater than unsheathed walls with the same studs. Testing on studs sheathed on both sides with dry gypsum board demonstrate strength increases as large as 70% over unsheathed studs (Miller and Pekoz 1993, Miller and Pekoz 1994). The current AISI Specification for sheathed wall stud systems are complicated, only apply when the sheathing is identical on both sides, have several onerous prescriptive requirements, and the mechanical model employed has been questioned when compared to experimental results. This paper summarizes the deficiencies of, and arguments against, current models and suggests avenues of research …
Experimental Investigation Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Rhs Columns, Ben Young, Yahua Liu
Experimental Investigation Of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Rhs Columns, Ben Young, Yahua Liu
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The paper describes an experimental investigation into the column strengths of cold-formed stainless steel rectangular hollow sections (RHS). A series of tests consisting of four cross-section sizes was compressed between fixed ends. The tests were performed over a range of column lengths, such that column curves were obtained for each series of tests. The failure modes of the columns involved local buckling, overall flexural buckling and interaction of local and overall buckling. The test strengths are compared with the design strengths predicted using the American, Australian/New Zealand and European specifications for cold-formed stainless steel structures. The design strengths were calculated …
Structural Behaviour Of Self-Piercing Riveted Connections In Steel Framed Housing, Stephen Moss, Mahen Mahendran
Structural Behaviour Of Self-Piercing Riveted Connections In Steel Framed Housing, Stephen Moss, Mahen Mahendran
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Self-piercing riveting involves the joining of two or more plates by using a rivet to pierce and clinch in a single operation. There is a distinct lack of information regarding the use of self-piercing riveted connections in cold-formed steel frames. Experimental research is being undertaken to investigate the structural behaviour of self-piercing riveted connections used in steel framed housing. To date, testing has been carried out on 0.75 mm to 1.15 mm G300 steels to determine the primary failure modes for self-piercing riveted connections and also to assess the applicability of standard single point lap shear tests to actual house …
Axial Strength Of Purlins Attached To Standing Seam Roof Panels, John A. Stolarczyk, James M. Fisher, Al Ghorbanpoor
Axial Strength Of Purlins Attached To Standing Seam Roof Panels, John A. Stolarczyk, James M. Fisher, Al Ghorbanpoor
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The purpose of this research was to determine the axial load capacity of Z-purlins with one flange attached to a standing seam roof system. The axial load capacity was determined by developing a relationship between the flexural uplift buckling strength and the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin. This relationship was investigated using finite element models and by conducting a parametric study. At the conclusion of the parametric study, confirmatory tests were conducted to verify the finite element results. A relationship has been provided that relates the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin to the flexural uplift buckling strength. This …
Design Provisions For Sections Containing Unstiffened Elements Under Stress Gradients, M. R. Bambach, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
Design Provisions For Sections Containing Unstiffened Elements Under Stress Gradients, M. R. Bambach, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Current American design provisions treat unstiffened elements under stress gradients as if they were uniformly compressed for effective width calculations. This paper presents a design method for calculating the effective width of these elements, based on plate test results. Current international codes allow the capacity of sections that contain unstiffened elements under stress gradients to be calculated on the basis of initiation of yielding in the section. A non-iterative method for the calculation of the capacity, based on inelastic reserve capacity, is presented. The method is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data of I-sections and plain channels …
Gbt-Based Distortional Buckling Formulae For Thin-Walled Channel Columns And Beams, Nuno Silvestre, Dinar Camotim
Gbt-Based Distortional Buckling Formulae For Thin-Walled Channel Columns And Beams, Nuno Silvestre, Dinar Camotim
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
After a brief outline of the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) fundamentals and linear stability analysis procedure, the main concepts and steps involved in the derivation of GBT -based fully analytical formulae are described and discussed. Such formulae provide distortional bifurcation stress estimates in cold-formed steel channel columns and beams with arbitrary sloping single-lip edge stiffeners and pinned/free-to-warp or fixed/warping-free end sections. The application of the proposed formulae is illustrated in detail and, in order to assess their accuracy and validity, results concerning several specific channel columns and beams are presented. In particular, the GBT-based analytical estimates are compared with exact …
Post-Buckling Analysis Of Light Gauge Members Using Finite Strips, J. Rhodes
Post-Buckling Analysis Of Light Gauge Members Using Finite Strips, J. Rhodes
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The development of an analysis technique for the behaviour of light gauge structural members is outlined. The analysis described is a form of finite strip approach in which the out-of-plane displacements are considered using plate theory and the in-plane displacements are considered using beam theory. Several different strip formulations are described, and the relative applicability of each formulation to buckling and post-buckling analysis is discussed. With regard to post-buckling analysis the relatively simple "lower bound approach" is discussed and compared to more complex analysis methods.
Stiffened Elements With Multiple Intermediate Stiffeners And Edge Stiffened Elements With Intermediate Stiffeners, Benjamin W. Schafer
Stiffened Elements With Multiple Intermediate Stiffeners And Edge Stiffened Elements With Intermediate Stiffeners, Benjamin W. Schafer
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Section B5 of the AISI Specification, covering stiffened elements with multiple intermediate stiffeners and edge stiffened elements with intermediate stiffeners, has been entirely replaced in the latest edition of the Cold-Formed Steel Specification (NAS 2001). The new design rules are based primarily on the work of Schafer and Pekoz (1998); however, subsequent to that work and prior to adoption by AISI, additional work was also completed. For elements with multiple intermediate stiffeners consideration of weblflange interaction was added. The resulting expressions are shown to agree well with both experimental and numerical data. New provisions for edge stiffened elements with intermediate …
Calibrations Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), Roger A. Laboube, J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster
Calibrations Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), Roger A. Laboube, J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The bearing strength of bolted connections is treated differently in the two current North American Cold-Formed Steel Design documents, the AISI Specification in the USA (AISI 1996a) and the S136 Standard in Canada (CSA 1994). In the case of the S136 Standard (CSA 1994), only one expression is presented that applies to all bolted connections such as single and double shear, as well as, with and without washers. In the AISI Specification (AISI 1996a), however, a distinction is made between single shear and double shear connections and the use of washers. Contained in this paper are the calibration results of …
Evaluation Of Bolt-Hole Elongation Stiffness For The Stiffness Prediction Of Cold-Formed Steel Bolted Moment-Connections, J. B. P. Lim, D. A. Nethercot
Evaluation Of Bolt-Hole Elongation Stiffness For The Stiffness Prediction Of Cold-Formed Steel Bolted Moment-Connections, J. B. P. Lim, D. A. Nethercot
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel bolted moment-connections cannot be considered as rigid because of localised in-plane elongation of the bolt-holes due to bearing of the bolt-shank against the bolt-hole. To therefore calculate the rotational stiffness of such bolted moment-connections, it is necessary to know the load-extension characteristics of bolt-hole elongation. In this paper, a non-linear large- displacement elasto-plastic finite element idealisation of a plain bolt-shank in bearing against a bolt-hole is presented. Graphs of load against bolt-hole elongation are plotted that show good comparison with laboratory test results. A proposed modification of the results allows for the results of a fully-threaded bolt-shank to …
Inelastic Response Of Arc-Spot Welded Deck-To-Frame Connections For Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms, M. Peuler, R. Tremblay, Colin A. Rogers
Inelastic Response Of Arc-Spot Welded Deck-To-Frame Connections For Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms, M. Peuler, R. Tremblay, Colin A. Rogers
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the inelastic seismic response of metal deck roof diaphragm systems. The load carrying capacity of roof diaphragms subjected to lateral loads is directly dependent on the shear strength of the connections. Hence, as part of this larger research program, a study on the inelastic performance of arc-spot welded deck-to-frame connections was completed. The connection project involved the monotonic, cyclic and seismic testing of 235 specimens, with and without weld washers, with different electrode types, and with various steel deck and frame thicknesses. Currently, welded washer connections are recommended for the improvement of weld …
Self-Drilling Screw Joints For Cold-Formed Channel Portal Frames, Julie Mills, Roger A. Laboube
Self-Drilling Screw Joints For Cold-Formed Channel Portal Frames, Julie Mills, Roger A. Laboube
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed C channel sections have been used in portal frame construction for agricultural sheds for many years in Australia. The knee joint designs have been copied from hot-rolled portal frames, regardless of the fact that many designers believe this is not realistic. Earlier testing conducted at the University of South Australia demonstrated that these concerns were justified and that the joint designs widely used in practice do not match the moment capacity of the sections and fail prematurely. An alternative joint design has been developed using self- drilling screws. The joint demonstrates excellent moment capacity and rigidity, and is simple …
Strength And Behavior Of Fillet Welded Connections In G450 Sheet Steel, Lip H. Teh, Gregory J. Hancock
Strength And Behavior Of Fillet Welded Connections In G450 Sheet Steel, Lip H. Teh, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
G450 steel to AS 1397 is a cold-reduced sheet steel with in-line galvanizing. Its grade is 65 ksi (450 MPa) yield and 70 ksi (480 MPa) tensile strength. It is widely used in Australia for purlins, and is being used to fabricate light-weight Portal frames, often by welding. The effect of welding on G450 sheet steel in the heat affected zone was unknown and so the project was performed to investigate the strength of fillet welded connections. Transverse and longitudinal fillet welded connections in 0.06 in (1.5 mm) and 0.12 in (3.0 mm) sheet steels were tested to failure. The …
Strength And Behavior Of Flare-Bevel And Flare-Vee Welded Connections In G450 Sheet Steel, Lip H. Teh, Gregory J. Hancock
Strength And Behavior Of Flare-Bevel And Flare-Vee Welded Connections In G450 Sheet Steel, Lip H. Teh, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
G450 steel to AS 1397 is a cold-reduced sheet steel with in-line galvanizing. Its grade is 65 ksi (450 MPa) yield and 70 ksi (480 MPa) tensile strength. It is widely used in Australia for purlins, and is being used to fabricate light-weight portal frames, often by welding. The effect of welding on G450 sheet steel in the heat affected zone (HAZ) was unknown and so the project was performed to investigate the strength of flare-bevel and flare-vee welded connections. Flare-bevel and flare-vee welded connections in 0.06-in (1.5-mm) and 0.12-in (3.0-mm) sheet steels were tested to failure. The failure modes …
Structural Behavior Of Bolted Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Members, Emphasizing The Shear Lag Effect, Carlos Henrique Maiola, Maximiliano Malite, Jorge Munaiar Neto, Roberto Martins Goncalves
Structural Behavior Of Bolted Connections In Cold-Formed Steel Members, Emphasizing The Shear Lag Effect, Carlos Henrique Maiola, Maximiliano Malite, Jorge Munaiar Neto, Roberto Martins Goncalves
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Light-gage steel structures constituted mainly of cold-formed steel members have been widely employed in a variety metal construction in Brazil and many countries. The reduced thicknesses this elements making connection designing difficult due the occurrence of the local effects that generally govern these designs in thin elements. This paper presents and discusses the results of a experimental investigation of bolted connections in cold-formed angles (either equal or unequal legs) and channel members (1.55 to 3.75mm thickness), and an evaluation of the structural behavior of the connections with identification of the corresponding failure modes, with emphasis on the tensile capacity of …
Testing Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster
Testing Of Bolted Cold-Formed Steel Connections In Bearing (With And Without Washers), J. A. Wallace, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Presently there are two cold-formed steel structural design documents in North America, i.e., in the USA, the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, published by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 1996) and in Canada, the Standard for Cold-formed Steel Structural Members, published by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA 1994). The bearing strength of bolted connections is treated differently in these two design documents. The North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members (NAS 2001) contains a new approach for bearing of bolted connections. This approach is similar to the current S136 Standard …
Adaptive Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses Of High Strength Steel Cladding Systems, M. Duan, Mahen Mahendran
Adaptive Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses Of High Strength Steel Cladding Systems, M. Duan, Mahen Mahendran
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear finite element method was developed and applied to the ultimate strength analysis of light gauge high strength steel cladding. Effect of mesh refinement on the solution accuracy was investigated for the nonlinear analysis of steel cladding systems under wind uplift loading. A comparison of numerical solutions was made with experimental results and a good agreement is shown using the adaptive finite element method. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the factors that affect the ultimate strength behavior of high strength steel cladding systems. This paper presents the details of this study and …
Interim Design Rules For Flexure In Cold-Formed Steel Webs, Benjamin W. Schafer, T. W. J. Trestain
Interim Design Rules For Flexure In Cold-Formed Steel Webs, Benjamin W. Schafer, T. W. J. Trestain
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The design of cold-formed steel webs in flexure is governed by section B2.3 of the AISI Specification. Harmonization of the AISI (1996) Specification with the Canadian Standard (S136 1994), for the development of the new North American Specification (NAS 2001) has brought to light shortcomings in both the U.S. and Canadian documents and lead to the adoption of an interim design approach in the NAS (2001). The interim approach employs the AISI (1996) rules for one class of members and the S136 (1994) rules for a second class. Assessment of the resulting method with existing bending tests on Cees and …
Local Buckling Tests On Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Cheng Yu, Benjamin W. Schafer
Local Buckling Tests On Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Cheng Yu, Benjamin W. Schafer
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
C- and Z-sections are two of the most common cold-formed steel shapes in use today. Accurate prediction of the bending performance of these sections is important for reliable and efficient cold-formed steel structures. Recent analytical work has highlighted discontinuities and inconsistencies in the AISI (1996) design provisions for stiffened elements under a stress gradient (i.e., the web of C- or Z-sections). New methods have been proposed for design, and an interim method has been adopted in the NAS (North American Specification 2001). However, existing tests on Cs and Zs do not provide a definitive evaluation of the design expressions, due …
Optimum Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Z-Shape Purlins Using A Genetic Algorithm, Wei Lu, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti
Optimum Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Z-Shape Purlins Using A Genetic Algorithm, Wei Lu, Pentti Makelainen, Jyrki Kesti
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In this paper, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the dimensions of cold-formed Z-shape purlins continuous over two spans under gravity load. The optimization criterion is to maximize the load resistance per cross-section and the design variables are chosen from the discrete values based on the manufacturing requirements. Purlins are designed in accordance with Eurocode 3, Part 1.3. In addition, the modified Eurocode 3 method, in which the elastic local buckling stress and distortional buckling stress calculated using Finite Strip Method (FSM) are integrated into the design process, is used to determine the effective section properties. The results are …
Ultimate Failure Behaviour Of Second-Generation Sheeting Subjected To Combined Bending Moment And Concentrated Load, M. Kaspers, H. H. Snijder, Monique Bakker, H. Hofmeyer
Ultimate Failure Behaviour Of Second-Generation Sheeting Subjected To Combined Bending Moment And Concentrated Load, M. Kaspers, H. H. Snijder, Monique Bakker, H. Hofmeyer
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Second-generation sheeting is widely used for cladding and roof construction. At interior supports, it is subjected to combined bending moment and concentrated load. Unfortunately, design rules for this loading are complicated and do not provide insight in the sheeting's failure behaviour. This means there is a need for a new, insight providing design rule. For first-generation sheeting, a similar problem did exist. The Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TUE) carried out three research projects [Bakk92a,Vaes95a,Hofm00a] that provided insight in the first-generation sheeting behaviour and resulted in a new, insight providing design rule. The TUE now uses the strategy of these three research …
Design Of Channels Subjected To Concentrated Bearing Load, Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock
Design Of Channels Subjected To Concentrated Bearing Load, Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
A test program on cold-formed steel channels subjected to concentrated bearing load is presented in this paper. The web slenderness values of the channel specimens ranged from comparatively stocky webs of 15.3 to relatively more slender webs of 62.7. The tests were performed under end and interior loading conditions, and the test setup was different from the one specified in the North American Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard for cold-formed steel structures where the loading support is assumed free to rotate in the plane of the beam. The test specimens were seated on a fixed flat solid steel base …
Web Crippling And Combined Bending And Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Box-Beam Headers, Sutton F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube
Web Crippling And Combined Bending And Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Box-Beam Headers, Sutton F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Box-beam headers are commonly used in walls framed with cold-formed steel studs to span openings in bearing walls. Based on the results of previous experimental studies, it has been shown that box-beam headers subjected to interior one flange (IOF) loading have been conservatively designed. This paper presents the results of an ongoing experimental study conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla to establish the web crippling strength of box-beam headers for an IOF loading condition. Box-beam header specimens were tested as a system consisting of two C-sections together with top and bottom track sections. The header configuration used in this study …
Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, B. Beshara, R. M. Schuster
Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, B. Beshara, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (NAS 2001) has recently adopted a new web crippling approach, which is the approach contained in the Canadian S136 Standard (CSA 1994). The objective of this work was to develop new design coefficients for the web crippling strength design expression currently used in the Canadian S136 Standard (CSA 1994) and the North American Specification (NAS 2001). An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data up to 1999, from the United States, Canada and Australia. The resulting web crippling coefficients, calibrated resistance factors and respective factors of …
Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns With Service Holes At Elevated Temperatures, M. Feng, Y. C. Wang, J. Michael Davies
Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Short Columns With Service Holes At Elevated Temperatures, M. Feng, Y. C. Wang, J. Michael Davies
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the axial strength of cold-formed thin-walled lipped channel sections with service holes under ambient and uniform high temperature conditions. Short columns of two different thickness with service holes under different temperatures have been tested, and analysed by using a variety of design methods and a commercial finite element program ABAQUS (1998). Three design methods (the British Standard BS5950 Part 5 (1987), Eurocode 3 Part 1.3 (CEN 1996) and the American Specification AISI (1996)) have been used in this paper. In the finite element analysis, both geometrical and material …
Compression Tests Of Cold-Reduced High Strength Steel Long Columns, Demao Yang, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
Compression Tests Of Cold-Reduced High Strength Steel Long Columns, Demao Yang, Gregory J. Hancock, Kim J. R. Rasmussen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper describes a series of compression tests performed on long columns fabricated from cold-formed high strength steel plates with nominal yield stress of 550 MPa (80 ksi). The steel is classified as G550 to Australia Standard AS1397. The test results presented in this paper are the second stage of an Australian Research Council research project entitled "Compression Stability of High Strength Steel Sections with Low Strain-Hardening". A total of 28 long columns, which were made from two thicknesses of sheet steel (0.42 mm and 0.6 mm) (0.017 in. and 0.024 in.), were tested. A box shaped section was tested …
Compression Tests Of Cold-Reduced High Strength Steel Stub Columns, Demao Yang, Gregory J. Hancock
Compression Tests Of Cold-Reduced High Strength Steel Stub Columns, Demao Yang, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
This paper describes a series of compression tests performed on stub columns fabricated from cold-formed high strength steel plates with nominal yield stress of 550 MPa. (80 ksi) The steel is classified as G550 to Australia Standard AS 1397. The test results presented in this paper are the first stage of an Australian Research Council research project entitled "Compression Stability of High Strength Steel Sections with Low Strain-Hardening". The tests include lipped-square and hexagonal sections, including 94 box-shaped fix-ended stub columns. The purpose of these tests was to determine the influence of low strain hardening of G550 steel on the …
Plastic Strength Of Thin-Walled Members, Dan Dubina, Viorel Ungureanu
Plastic Strength Of Thin-Walled Members, Dan Dubina, Viorel Ungureanu
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Failure of thin-walled cold-formed members in compression is always characterized by a local plastic mechanisms, either a stub or slender column is referred. Starting from this observation, the authors suggest for the interactive local-overall buckling analysis to use instead of traditional "effective section", the sectional plastic mechanism strength. This is a new approach and for this reason it is compared with another one, namely the Direct Strength Method. Experimental results and advanced FEM simulations are used to evaluate the two methods. Comparisons with European and American relevant design codes are also presented in the paper.
Sway Stability Testing Of High Rise Rack Sub-Assemblages, Elisha Harris, Gregory J. Hancock
Sway Stability Testing Of High Rise Rack Sub-Assemblages, Elisha Harris, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The stability in the down-aisle direction of high rise storage racks is usually provided by the beam-to-column and base-plate connections. In order to evaluate the effect of the beam-to-column connections, a complex test rig has been designed and developed at the University of Sydney to test rack sub-assemblages which are the lower levels of high rise rack systems. The rig is designed to apply up to 500 kN vertical load via gravity load simulators. Pins at the top and bottom of the uprights under test remove the effect of the base-plates on the lateral stability. To apply horizontal loads, a …
The Behaviour Of Drive-In Storage Structures, M. H. R. Godley
The Behaviour Of Drive-In Storage Structures, M. H. R. Godley
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The paper describes the behaviour of Drive-in and Drive-thru pallet rack structures. It proposes a number of simplified two-dimensional models for the analysis of such structures. These models are shown to be conservative and take account of the non-linear behaviour of the structures. The paper makes some comparisons between the output from these and a 3-D finite element program. The effects of friction between the pallet and the supporting rail is discussed briefly.