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A Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Shapes Subjected To Bending - Channel And Simple Lipped Channel, Roberto Martins Goncalves, Maximiliano Malite, Carlos Eduardo Javaroni
A Theoretical And Experimental Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Shapes Subjected To Bending - Channel And Simple Lipped Channel, Roberto Martins Goncalves, Maximiliano Malite, Carlos Eduardo Javaroni
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel shapes have been widely employed in steel construction, where they frequently offer a lower cost solution than do traditional laminated shapes. A classic application of cold-formed steel shapes is purlins in the roof panel of industrial buildings, connected to the roof panel by means of screws. The combined effect of these two elements has been the subject of investigations in some countries. Design criteria were included in the AISI Code in 1991 and 1996. This paper presents and discusses the results obtained from bending tests carried out on shapes commonly used in Brazil, i.e., the channel and the …
Calibration Of Cold Formed Steel Shear Equations, B. Craig, R. M. Schuster
Calibration Of Cold Formed Steel Shear Equations, B. Craig, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
There is a difference in the shear design criteria between the Canadian cold formed steel design Standard, CSA S136-94 (from here on referred to as S136) and the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for the design of cold formed steel structures, AISI-96 (from here on referred to as AISI). The focus of this paper was to carry out the appropriate calibrations for the factor of safety, Ω, and the resistance factor, Ï•, using the current design approaches of both countries. In the case of the S136 Standard, only the resistance factor was determined. It was assumed at the outset …
Lateral Bracing Connections For C-Sections Subjected To Bending, B. Beshara, Roger A. Laboube
Lateral Bracing Connections For C-Sections Subjected To Bending, B. Beshara, Roger A. Laboube
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The overall behavior under bending moment of cold-formed steel C-sections assemblies was investigated. Each test assembly consisted of C-sections acting as beams having a track to restrain the ends. Lateral bracing to restrain C-sections from rotation was provided at mid-span. To better understand the influence of the brace connection on the bending behavior, an experimental investigation was carried out with particular emphasis placed on the study of the effect of the mid-span brace connection on the bending behavior, and the effect of attaching dry wall to the tension flange. For the dry wall test specimens, lateral bracing was also provided …
Elastic-Plastic Interactive Buckling Of Thin-Walled Steel Compression Members, Dan Dubina, Viorel Ungureanu
Elastic-Plastic Interactive Buckling Of Thin-Walled Steel Compression Members, Dan Dubina, Viorel Ungureanu
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
In the actual design codes the interaction formula for local and overall buckling modes of thin-walled steel compression (TWSC) members, the effect of local buckling. is introduced by means of effective strength of short members. This paper proposes to replace, into the Ayrton-Perry interaction formula, the short member "effective" strength, which is based on the "effective width" approach by the plastic strength evaluated by means of local plastic mechanism analysis. There are some papers by Murray et al. [1,2,3], in which the plastic mechanisms corresponding to the local buckling of plates and TWSC members in compression are analysed. On this …
Finite Element Analysis Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Jintang Yan
Finite Element Analysis Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Jintang Yan
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The paper presents a numerical investigation into the behaviour and strengths of cold-formed plain and lipped channel columns using finite element analysis. A non-linear finite element model is developed and verified against the fixed-ended channel column tests conducted by Young and Rasmussen (1998a, 1998b and 1998c). Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element model. It is demonstrated that the finite element model closely predicted the ultimate loads and the behaviour of the tested cold-formed channel columns. Hence, the model was used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries. Furthermore, the results of the numerical investigation are …
Structural Stability Of Braced Scaffolding And Formwork With Spigot Joints, John Enright, Robert Harriss, Gregory J. Hancock
Structural Stability Of Braced Scaffolding And Formwork With Spigot Joints, John Enright, Robert Harriss, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Steel Scaffolding systems are often constructed from cold-formed circular hollow sections. The beams of this system are normally called "ledgers" and the columns are normally called "standards". To allow the system to be quickly erected on site, "spigot joints" are inserted in the standards. The spigot joints consist of smaller diameter tubes which slide into the larger diameter tubes to provide a safe connection under gravity load. However, the spigot joints may have a lack of fit, and when located midway between the ledgers, they can cause significant out-of-straightness in a standard. This PΔ effect may weaken the standard as …
Automated Design Of Steel Trusses, B. Mobasher, S. D. Rajan, S. Y. Chen
Automated Design Of Steel Trusses, B. Mobasher, S. D. Rajan, S. Y. Chen
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Designing an automated procedure for the optimal design of any structural system poses special challenges. Converting this methodology into a practical tool is even more challenging. In this research, a point-and-click software system is developed for the optimal design of roof truss systems. The starting point is a roof template containing minimal user input - outline of the truss, truss spacing, load information, and cost figures. A ground structure is constructed as the starting point of the design iterations. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used as the optimization tool to drive the design changes. Using the database of available sections, …
Dynamic Behaviour Of Floors With Cold-Formed Steel Joists, L. Xu, Z. Ling, W. C. Xie, R. M. Schuster
Dynamic Behaviour Of Floors With Cold-Formed Steel Joists, L. Xu, Z. Ling, W. C. Xie, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Presented in this paper are the results of a recent study carried out at the University of Waterloo on the performance of residential floors supported by cold-formed steel C-section floor joists. Both static and dynamic tests were conducted on steel floors with different span lengths based on different design criteria. The purpose of the static tests was to evaluate the stiffuess and load sharing among the joists, and the purpose of the dynamic tests was to evaluate the dynamic characteristics such as frequencies of the floor systems. To identify the critical parameters that contribute to the control of floor vibration, …
L-Header Testing, Evaluation And Design Methodology, Roger A. Laboube, N. R. Elhajj
L-Header Testing, Evaluation And Design Methodology, Roger A. Laboube, N. R. Elhajj
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
Cold-formed steel L-shaped headers have gained popularity over the past few years due to their simplicity and cost effectiveness. While cold-formed steel conventional headers are widely used and can be designed for most applications, often it is necessary to reduce cost by using less material and labor hours. The L-shaped header provides both, a fast and economical solution to safely transfer applied loads to other structural elements in a building. As the name suggests, the main components of an L-shaped header is a piece of cold-formed steel formed into a shape resembling the letter L. An L-header assembly consists of …
Optimum Design Of Cold Formed Steel Residential Roof Trusses, L. Xu, H. Min
Optimum Design Of Cold Formed Steel Residential Roof Trusses, L. Xu, H. Min
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
A computer-based optimal design approach for residential roof trusses using cold-formed steel C-sections is presented. The truss design is based on CSA S136-94 and the truss design guide published by the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute. A genetic algorithm was adopted to obtain the minimum cost design with consideration to truss topology and member size simultaneously. The presented design examples demonstrate the applicability and efficiency ofthe proposed approach.
Purlin Design To Aisi Lrfd Using Rational Buckling Analysis, Murry J. Clarke, Gregory J. Hancock
Purlin Design To Aisi Lrfd Using Rational Buckling Analysis, Murry J. Clarke, Gregory J. Hancock
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The latest edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members was published in 1996 (AISI, 1996). Design rules are presented in both allowable stress design (ASD) and load and resistance factor design (LRFD) formats. The LRFD rules of the latest AISI Specification form the basis of the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4600:1996 Cold-Formed Steel Structures (SA/SNZ, 1996), which was published in late 1996 and supersedes the corresponding Australian permissible stress Standard AS 1538-1988. One of the main applications of cold-formed steel is purlins and girts in metal roof and wall …
Racking Performance Of Long Steel-Frame Shear Walls, Alexander J. Salenikovich, Daniel J. Dolan, Samuel W. Easterling
Racking Performance Of Long Steel-Frame Shear Walls, Alexander J. Salenikovich, Daniel J. Dolan, Samuel W. Easterling
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The response of cold-formed steel-frame shear walls to lateral forces is the focus of the paper. Results are presented for monotonic and cyclic tests of sixteen full-size shear walls with and without openings. Walls of five configurations with sheathing area ratio ranging from 1.0 to 0.3 were tested. The specimens were 12-m (40-ft.) long and 2.4-m (8-ft.) high with 11-mm (7/16-in.) oriented strandboard (OSB) sheathing. One specimen had additional 13-mm (0.5-in.) gypsum wallboard sheathing. All specimens were tested in horizontal position with no dead load applied in the plane of the wall. Resistance of walls was compared with predictions of …
The 1999 Supplement To The Aisi Design Specification, Roger L. Brockenbrough
The 1999 Supplement To The Aisi Design Specification, Roger L. Brockenbrough
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The AISI Committee on Specifications for Cold-Formed Steel recently developed Supplement No. 1 to the 1996 Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The Supplement reflects new information developed through research projects, brings provisions in agreement with other specifications where appropriate, and also provides certain clarifications and corrections. The Supplement and the Specification have both been recently accepted as ANSI standards. The present paper reviews the major items included in the Supplement. The Committee continues to sponsor research projects aimed at developing a better understanding of particular areas of cold-formed steel behavior and more comprehensive design rules. Projects …
Yield Strength Increase Of Cold Formed Sections Due To Cold Work Of Forming, P. A. Sloof, R. M. Schuster
Yield Strength Increase Of Cold Formed Sections Due To Cold Work Of Forming, P. A. Sloof, R. M. Schuster
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The design approach for predicting the increase in yield strength due to cold work of forming in the AISI 1996 Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural members is different from the approach used by the CSA Standard, CSA S136-94, Cold Formed Steel Structural Members. The AISI approach is based on the experimental work conducted by Karren and Winter, while the S136 approach is based on theoretical work by Lind and Schroff. Lind and Schroff used Karren and Winter's data to substantiate their theory. Karren and Winter conducted tests on five full sections and also collected strength data on …
Flexural Behavior Of Profiled Composite Beams, Jun-Yep Song, Young Bong Kwon
Flexural Behavior Of Profiled Composite Beams, Jun-Yep Song, Young Bong Kwon
CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)
The behavior of composite beams, which are composed of cold-formed steel sheeting and normal strength concrete, has been studied. A series of flexural tests of composite beams has been executed and analytical methods to trace the nonlinear behavior of composite beams have been developed. The nonlinear moment-curvature relation of the composite beam has been described using a simple power model and cross section analysis procedure. The load-deflection behavior of the composite beam simulated by the step-by-step numerical integration method has been compared with test results.