Engineering Commons^™

Generic Incident Model For Investigating Traffic Incident Impacts On Evacuation Times In Large-Scale Emergencies, Andrew J. Collins, Peter Foytik, Erika Frydenlund, R. Michael Robinson, Craig A. Jordan

VMASC Publications

Traffic incidents cause a ripple effect of reduced travel speeds, lane changes, and the pursuit of alternative routes that results in gridlock on the immediately affected and surrounding roadways. The disruptions caused by the secondary effects significantly degrade travel time reliability, which is of great concern to the emergency planners who manage evacuations. Outcomes forecast by a generic incident model embedded in a microscopic evacuation simulation, the Real-Time Evacuation Planning Model (RtePM), were examined to quantify the change in time required for an emergency evacuation that results from traffic incidents. The incident model considered vehicle miles traveled on each individual …

Developing A Framework For Determining The Contribution Of Transportation Project To Sustainable Development, Karim Ahmed Abdel Warith

Open Access Dissertations

In the past few years, stakeholders in the transportation industry have been concerned with sustainability. However, transportation decision makers have had difficulty incorporating sustainability into transportation infrastructure decisions. This is mainly attributed to the vagueness of the term. Incorporating sustainability into transportation decision making has been a desire put forth by engineers for that past 10 years. However, with no apparent method of defining sustainability, designers and decision makers have not been able to fulfill this desire.

This investigation attempts to define sustainability in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. The research proposes a new methodology that relies on the objective …

Traffic Modeling In Lagrangian Coordinates Using Smartphone Apps, Sergio Contreras

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Traditionally, one of the ways traffic flow has been studied is by using the kinematic wave model. This model is derived in the Eulerian framework by using conservation of the number of vehicles. Recently, the kinematic wave model has been transformed into Lagrangian coordinates. In this framework, the independent variables are unique

vehicles and time. The detailed change in framework, and the properties of the model in the changed framework are reviewed. Numerical results from different traffic cases are explained. Since vehicle trajectory data can be easily collected from smartphones,

a smartphone application is developed for this purpose. This data …

Simulation Model Of A Grid-Connected Single-Phase Photovoltaic System In Pscad/Emtdc, Brian K. Perera, Sridhar R. Pulikanti, Philip Ciufo, Sarath Perera

Dr Philip Ciufo

In this paper, a complete simulation model of a grid-connected single-phase two-stage photovoltaic (PV) system with associated controllers is presented. The simulation model is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program. The component models of the grid-connected PV system include a PV array, a dc-dc boost converter, a voltage source converter (VSC) and an LCL filter. Components of the LCL filter, the dc-link capacitor of the VSC and the inductor of the dc-dc boost converter are established theoretically and that are used in modelling the grid-connected PV system. The control architecture of the presented system incorporates a synchronous reference frame phase-locked-loop (s-PLL), …

A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Fracture In Nanocrystalline Copper, Linqing Pei, Cheng Lu, Kiet Tieu, Hongtao Zhu, Xing Zhao, Kuiyu Cheng, Liang Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A large-scale molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the propagation of cracks in three dimensional samples of nanocrystalline copper, with average grain sizes ranging from 5.34 to 14.8 nm and temperatures ranging from 1K to 500 K. It was shown that intragranular fracture can proceed inside the grain at low temperature, and plastic deformation around the tip of the crack is accommodated by dislocation nucleation/emission; indeed, both fully extended dislocation and deformation twinning were visible around the tip of the crack during fracture. In addition, due to a higher concentration of stress in front of the crack at a …

Impact Of Patient Rotational Errors On Target And Critical Structure Dose In Imrt: A 3d Simulation Study, S Arumugam, A Xing, P Vial, A Scotti, R Stirton, G Goozee, Lois Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The impact of 3D rotational errors in patient positioning on dose delivered target volumes and critical structures in IMRT was studied. Patient rotational errors ranging from -30 to +30 was introduced to IMRT treatment plans of pelvis, head and neck and brain treatment sites and the impact of rotational error on DVH metrics was assessed. The magnitude of impact of rotational error on the error in dose delivered to the target volume and critical structures depends on the location of the structures from plan isocentre. In studied plans, a maximum percentage difference of up to -9.8(1s=13.4) % in D95 to …

Simulation Of Defects In Micro-Deep Drawing Of An Aluminium Alloy Foil, Syamsul Hadi, Hai-Liang Yu, Kiet Tieu, Cheng Lu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Micro-forming refers to the application of conventional forming processes to manufacture products from ultra-thin sheet materials. While attempting to meet the increasing demand for cost-effective manufacturing of micro-formed components, it is very important to reduce the defects in the products. In this paper, we report a number of Finite Element (FE) simulations of the micro-deep drawing process with various sample thicknesses and eccentric distances. The simulations indicated that when the sample thickness is nearly equal to the gap between the plunger and the die, the sample is likely to develop fractures at the bottom corner. When the sample thickness is …

Effect Of Particle Properties On The Discrete Element Simulation Of Wall Friction, Andrew Grima, Peter Wypych

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Modelling the interaction between particles and boundaries is of great interest and importance in many Discrete Element Method (DEM) applications where boundary failure conditions dictate the flow behaviour and velocity gradients of a bulk material. Bulk wall friction angles in DEM models are dependent on the mechanical properties of the particles and boundary material as well as the constraints of the contact models used, especially the tangential and rolling torque components. This paper examines the parameters determined from the calibration inclination test by conducting direct wall shear tests to validate the accuracy of the calibration parameters and the sensitivity of …

The Simulation Of Particle Flow Mechanisms In Dustiness Testers, Sathaphon Wangchai, David B. Hastie, Peter W. Wypych

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Dust generation is a common result of many bulk handling and mining applications and has potentially serious consequences to the surrounding environment as well as workers and nearby community. Companies need to know how much and what type of dust is being generated so they can find ways to reduce this dust. Dustiness testers can be used for this purpose. This paper investigates the rotating drum testers used for dustiness testing of bulk solids and the subsequent discrete element method (DEM) simulation of the particle mechanisms. Preliminary comparisons of the rotating drum designs were undertaken using particle/bulk parameters of a …

Simulation Model Of A Grid-Connected Single-Phase Photovoltaic System In Pscad/Emtdc, Brian K. Perera, Sridhar R. Pulikanti, Philip Ciufo, Sarath Perera

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this paper, a complete simulation model of a grid-connected single-phase two-stage photovoltaic (PV) system with associated controllers is presented. The simulation model is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program. The component models of the grid-connected PV system include a PV array, a dc-dc boost converter, a voltage source converter (VSC) and an LCL filter. Components of the LCL filter, the dc-link capacitor of the VSC and the inductor of the dc-dc boost converter are established theoretically and that are used in modelling the grid-connected PV system. The control architecture of the presented system incorporates a synchronous reference frame phase-locked-loop (s-PLL), …

Modelling A Longwall Production System Using Flexsim 3d Simulation Software, D Cai, E Baafi, I Porter

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Longwall mining accounts for more than 75% of underground coal production in Australia. It is a popular underground coal mining method worldwide, mainly due to its high extraction ratio, high productivity and increased safety due to improved powered support units. A longwall system requires significant capital investment, and it is necessary to minimise the financial risk associated with this investment. Minimisation of this financial risk requires a sound knowledge of the relationship between underlying operational/technical constraints and associated costs. A discrete simulation model using the Flexsim 3D virtual reality environment has been developed to assist management evaluate the impact of …

Virtual Worlds And Health: Healthcare Delivery And Simulation Opportunities, David Holloway

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

With decades of experience in simulation, the health professions are comparatively well versed in virtual environments for training. More broadly, there is a growing body of experience and supporting evidence on the benefits of virtual worlds for professional information sharing, clinical simulation, healthcare delivery, and as a research tool. Virtual worlds have empirically demonstrated outcomes as a simulation tool that increases knowledge and of health professionals, and initial explorations in regard to healthcare delivery show promise. Key challenges for wider adoption of virtual worlds within the health professions include a lack of established standards around privacy, a fragmented approach to …

Feasibility Of Passivhaus Standards And Alternative Passive Design On Climatic Zones Of Chile - Determination Of Energy Requirements With Dynamic Simulation, Javier Carrasco Eade, Georgios Kokogiannakis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The current building envelope standards from Article 4.1.10 of the “General Law of Urban Planning and Construction” The current building envelope standards from Article 4.1.10 of the “General Law of Urban Planning and Construction” in Chile are applied on a typical residential building for the climate of Concepción (36° Latitude South, 73° Longitude West) and a detailed energy simulation program is used to assess the energy performance of this building. The simulation results of the Chilean standards are then compared with simulation results of PassivHaus standards upon the same building layout and with simulation results from the same typical building …

An Analytical Simulation Technique For Cone-Beam Ct And Pinhole Spect, Xuezhu Zhang, Yujin Qi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study was aimed at developing an eficient simulation technique with an ordinary PC．The work involved derivation of mathematical operators，analytic phantom generations，and effective analytical projectors developing for cone—beam CT and pinhole SPECT imaging．The computer simulations based on the analytical projectors were developed by ray—tracing method for cone—beam CT and voxel—driven method for pinhole SPECT of degrading blurring．The 3D Shepp Logan，Jaszczak and Defrise phantoms were used for simulation evaluations and image reconstructions．The reconstructed phantom images were of good accuracy with the phantoms．The results showed that the analytical simulation technique is an efi cient tool for studying cone—beam CT and pinhole SPECT …

Methodology To Convert A Transportation Planning Origin-Destination Matrix Into A Microscopic Traffic Simulation Origin-Destination Matrix, Jose Osiris Vidana-Bencomo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Microscopic traffic simulation (MTS) is a cost-effective approach for the evaluation of traffic conditions in urban highways networks. In MTS models, traffic demand that is entered into the network is specified by one or several Origin-Destination (O-D) matrices. A major challenge in the application of MTS for large urban networks is the specification of the O-D matrices. This dissertation proposes a methodology that may be used to transform a O-D matrix from a transportation planning model (which is based on Traffic Analysis Zone, or TAZ, and is readily available) into a O-D matrix for a MTS model (which is traffic …

Operational Performance Evaluation Of Four Types Of Exit Ramps On Florida's Freeways, Linjun Lu

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses primarily on the analysis of exit ramp performance related to safety and operations. The safety analysis focuses on the impacts of different exit ramp types for freeway diverge areas and different factors contributing to the crashes that occur on the exit ramp sections. The operational analysis is based mainly on simulations by TSIS-CORSIM. Different ramp effects and guidance for selecting optimal exit ramp type are concluded. Issues related to ramp sections and crossroad sections are also demonstrated. Minimum ramp length and minimum distance between ramp terminal and downstream or upstream intersections are calculated. The operational analysis was …

Simulation Of Macroscopic Deformation Using A Sub-Particle Dem Approach, Leela Kempton, David J. Pinson, Sheng Chew, Paul Zulli, Aibing Yu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A limitation in numerical modelling of the ironmaking blast furnace is the lack of ability to quantify the effects of particle deformation and subsequent loss of porosity arising from the softening and melting of ferrous materials. Previous attempts to consider deformation focussed solely on the macroscopic effects such as resistance to gas flow, with an assumed decrease in porosity proportional to temperature. Instead, it is proposed to approximate particle scale deformation using a modified subparticle Discrete Element Method approach, where each 'ore' particle is represented using an agglomerate of discrete elements with temperature dependent properties. Cohesive forces binding the agglomerate …

Adoption Of Dynamic Simulation For Energy Performance Rating Tool For Korean Residential Buildings: Edem-Samsung, Saeeta Ghauri, Cameron Johnstone, Jaemin Kim, Georgios Kokogiannakis, Paul Tuohy, Kyung-Hun Woo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Currently, there is a high emphasis on reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings worldwide. Korea is facing an emerging issue of energy savings in buildings in perspective of new green economic policy. In this context, various policy measures including the energy efficiency ratings for buildings are being implemented for domestic and non-domestic buildings. In practice, design teams tend to prefer easy to use assessment tools to optimise energy performance and carbon ratings while they are concerned about calculation accuracy and the accurate representation of the dynamics involved associated with the characteristics of Korean residential buildings. This paper …

Utilizing Strategic Project Management Processes And The Nato Code Of Best Practice To Improve Management Of Experimentation Events, Andreas Tolk, Rafael E. Landaeta, Robert H. Kewley, Thomas T. Litwin

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Faculty Publications

Systems engineering and project management are two core engineering management processes supported by core quantitative disciplines within engineering management problems. Traditional approaches to systems engineering focus on a single system being engineered and managed (i.e., project managed), while challenges addressing composition of systems of systems and the reuse of systems for new solutions require a strategic management approach that promote a process flow in which the outputs of one project (e.g., deliverables, knowledge, work documents) are captured for the benefit of other projects within and outside the project-based organization. Two other core processes of engineering management are therefore critical to …

Numerical Simulation Of Temperature Field And Thermal Stress Field Of Work Roll During Hot Strip Rolling, Chang-Sheng Li, Hai-Liang Yu, Guan-Yu Deng, Xiang-Hua Liu, Guo-Dong Wang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Based on the thermal conduction equations, the three-dimensional (3D) temperature field of a work roll was investigated using finite element method (FEM). The variations in the surface temperature of the work roll during hot strip rolling were described, and the thermal stress field of the work roll was also analyzed. The results showed that the highest roll surface temperature is 593 °C, and the difference between the minimum and maximum values of thermal stress of the work roll surface is 145. 7 MPa. Furthermore, the results of this analysis indicate that temperature and thermal stress are useful parameters for the …

Network Measures And Simulation For Knowledge Intensive Work Performance, Kon Shing Kenneth Chung, Liaquat Hossain, Joseph Davis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We describe the process of designing a reliable and valid instrument for collecting network and attribute data. Here, we explore the relationship between social networks structure, information and communication technologies (ICT) use and attitude towards performance in knowledge intensive work. We first develop a model for exploring the inherent relationship between the three concepts based on existing literature. We then develop appropriate item sets for measuring different independent (network structure, ICT use) and dependent variables (performance). We use the reliable item sets along with justifications to construct different phases of our instrument. In doing so, we introduce a simulation approach …

Geant4 Simulation For Lhc Radiation Monitoring, M Glaser, S Guatelli, B Mascialino, M Moll, M G. Pia, F Ravotti

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Monitoring radiation background is a crucial task for the operation of LHC experiments. A project is in progress at CERN for the optimisation of the radiation monitors for LHC experiments. A simulation system based on Geant4, designed to assist the engineering optimisation of LHC radiation monitor detectors, is presented. Various detector packaging configurations are studied through their Geant4-based simulation, and their behaviour is compared.

Geant4 Simulation In A Distributed Computing Environment, Susanna Guatelli, Alfonso Mantero, Patricia Mendez Lorenzo, Jakub Moscicki, Maria Grazia Pia

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A general system to perform a Geant4-based simulation in a distributed computing environment is presented. The architecture developed makes the system transparent to sequential or parallel execution and to the environment where the simulation is run: a single machine, a local cluster or a geographically distributed grid.

Encapsulation Of Validation Tests In The Esp-R Simulation Program, Paul Strachan, Georgios Kokogiannakis, I Macdonald

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

It is well recognised that validation of dynamic building simulation programs is a long-term complex task. There have been many large national and international efforts that have led to a well-established validation methodology comprising analytical, inter-program comparison and empirical validation components, and a significant number of tests have been developed. As simulation usage increases, driven by such initiatives as the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, such tests are starting to be incorporated into national and international standards. Although many program developers have run many of the developed tests, there does not appear to have been a systematic attempt to …

Dynamic Modeling And Simulation Of A Multi Effect Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Unit, Mohammed I. Sohel, B Dawoud

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Recently solar distillation using Multi Effect Humidification-dehumidification (MEH) cycle is receiving special attention. In this communication detailed models of MEH are presented that take into account most of the dynamic behavior with reasonable accuracy. Using these models simulation was carried out and the results of simulation were discussed in this paper. To find out the competence of the newly developed models, some of the simulation results were compared with the available experimental data in the literature. It turned out that the result of simulation give a very good agreement with the experimental data. The maximum deviation between simulation and experimental …

A Comprehensive Numerical Simulation Of Heavily Irradiated P-Type And N-Type Silicon Detectors, Marco Petasecca, Francesco Moscatelli, Daniele Passeri, Giorgio Umberto Pignatel, Carlo Scarpello, Giovanni Caprai

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In the framework of the CERN-RD50 Collaboration, the adoption of p-type substrates has been proposed as a suitable mean to Improve the radiation hardness of silicon detectors up to fluences of 1016n/cm2. In this work the simulated electrical characteristics of Irradiated p-type and n-type detectors are reported, for comparison with experimental measurements collected from the literature. The behaviour of the silicon devices at a fluence of 1016n/cm2 shows better results In term of charge collection efficiency using a p-type silicon detector.