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Mechanical Engineering

Biomechanics

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Articles 91 - 95 of 95

Full-Text Articles in Engineering

The Biomechanical Aspects Of Pedestrian Protection, Krishnakanth Aekbote, Peter Schuster, Sunny Kankanala, Srini Sundararajan, Stephen W. Rouhana Jan 2003

The Biomechanical Aspects Of Pedestrian Protection, Krishnakanth Aekbote, Peter Schuster, Sunny Kankanala, Srini Sundararajan, Stephen W. Rouhana

Mechanical Engineering

In this paper a biomechanical basis for pedestrian protection is presented based on reviews of epidemiological and biomechanical studies conducted over the last three decades. Epidemiological studies reveal the nature and cause of pedestrian crashes and injuries sustained in the field. The various factors that influence pedestrian crashes and fatalities such as pedestrian demographics, time and location of crash, type of vehicles involved and their design characteristics, impact speeds, and nature and severity of injuries sustained are covered in the epidemiology section. The biomechanical studies identify the injury mechanisms and the biomechanical tolerances. Several biomechanical studies that attempt to identify …


Mechanical Property Characterization Of Mouse Zona Pellucida, Yu Sun, Kai-Tak Wan, K. P. Roberts, J. C. Bischof, B. J. Nelson Jan 2003

Mechanical Property Characterization Of Mouse Zona Pellucida, Yu Sun, Kai-Tak Wan, K. P. Roberts, J. C. Bischof, B. J. Nelson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) studies have indicated significant variation in ICSI success rates among different species. In mouse ICSI, the zona pellucida (ZP) undergoes a "hardening" process at fertilization in order to prevent subsequent sperm from penetrating. There have been few studies investigating changes in the mechanical properties of mouse ZP post fertilization. To characterize mouse ZP mechanical properties and quantitate the mechanical property differences of the ZP before and after fertilization, a microelectromechanical systems-based multiaxis cellular force sensor has been developed. A microrobotic cell manipulation system employing the multiaxis cellular force sensor is used to conduct mouse ZP …


A Theory Of Volumetric Growth For Compressible Elastic Biological Materials, Stephen M. Klisch, Timothy J. Van Dyke, Anne Hoger Dec 2001

A Theory Of Volumetric Growth For Compressible Elastic Biological Materials, Stephen M. Klisch, Timothy J. Van Dyke, Anne Hoger

Mechanical Engineering

A general theory of volumetric growth for compressible elastic materials is presented. The authors derive a complete set of governing equations in the present configuration for an elastic material undergoing a continuous growth process. In particular, they obtain two constitutive restrictions from a work-energy principle. First, the authors show that a growing elastic material behaves as a Green-elastic material. Second, they obtain an expression that relates the stress power due to growth to the rate of energy change due to growth. Then, the governing equations for a small increment of growth are derived from the more general theory. The equations …


Optimization Of The Seating Position In A Human-Powered Vehicle, Y. Lei, Mohamed Trabia, D. Too Jun 1993

Optimization Of The Seating Position In A Human-Powered Vehicle, Y. Lei, Mohamed Trabia, D. Too

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Until recently, most of the human-powered vehicles (HPV) were designed focusing solely on its aerodynamics characteristic. In many of these HPV designs, the rider seating position was arbitrarily chosen without consideration of its effect on the rider's comfort and cycling effectiveness. Also, there is no guarantee that the seating position is related to maximum power output. Too (1991) used an experimental approach to determine that the rider will produce the maximum anaerobic power when the seat tube angle of a bicycle is at 75° whereas Hull and Gonzalez (1990) used an engineering approach to optimize the cycling biomechanics. However several …


Finite Element Modeling Of A Femoral Stem In A Total Hip Prosthesis, Robert C. Cohen May 1984

Finite Element Modeling Of A Femoral Stem In A Total Hip Prosthesis, Robert C. Cohen

Theses

A three-dimensional model was produced to study of effects of stress on a femoral stem in a total hip prosthesis. Using the ANSYS General Purpose Finite Element Computer Program, a reproduction of the system was constructed for the loads acting on the hip joint at intervals of a walking cycle. With isotropic properties for cortical bone, cancellous bone, cement, and selected alloys, the model was generated using three-dimensional, isoparametric, eight-node, solid elements (STIF45). The model consists of over 700 nodes and 442 elements. This model can be used to produce computer calculated stress data, if disc storage space allows.