Engineering Commons^™

Characteristics Of Bi-Metallic Interfaces Formed During Direct Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Processing, Ryan Anderson, Jordan Terrel, Judy Schneider, Sean Thompson, Paul Gradl

PRC-Affiliated Research

Various additive manufacturing processes are being evaluated to reduce the time and cost for fabrication of low volume, complex, and multifunctional assemblies. This study evaluated two direct energy deposition processes for the fabrication of large bi-metallic structures. The materials evaluated were Inconel 625 and copper alloy C18150, which are used in various high heat flux applications. Inconel was deposited onto the C18150 substrate using blown powder and wire-fed processes. Complete bonding was obtained in both processes and the resulting interfaces were evaluated using microscopy and indentation testing. Differences were observed in the interface region suggesting the kinetic energy of the …

Characteristics Of Bi-Metallic Interfaces Formed During Direct Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Processing, Ryan Anderson, Jordan Terrel, Judy Schneider, Sean Thompson, Paul Gradl

PRC-Affiliated Research

Various additive manufacturing processes are being evaluated to reduce the time and cost for fabrication of low volume, complex, and multifunctional assemblies. This study evaluated two direct energy deposition processes for the fabrication of large bi-metallic structures. The materials evaluated were Inconel 625 and copper alloy C18150, which are used in various high heat flux applications. Inconel was deposited onto the C18150 substrate using blown powder and wire-fed processes. Complete bonding was obtained in both processes and the resulting interfaces were evaluated using microscopy and indentation testing. Differences were observed in the interface region suggesting the kinetic energy of the …

Characteristics Of Bi-Metallic Interfaces Formed During Direct Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Processing, Ryan Anderson, Jordan Terrel, Judy Schneider, Sean Thompson, Paul Gradl

PRC-Affiliated Research

Various additive manufacturing processes are being evaluated to reduce the time and cost for fabrication of low volume, complex, and multifunctional assemblies. This study evaluated two direct energy deposition processes for the fabrication of large bi-metallic structures. The materials evaluated were Inconel 625 and copper alloy C18150, which are used in various high heat flux applications. Inconel was deposited onto the C18150 substrate using blown powder and wire-fed processes. Complete bonding was obtained in both processes and the resulting interfaces were evaluated using microscopy and indentation testing. Differences were observed in the interface region suggesting the kinetic energy of the …

Structural Health Monitoring Of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Using Wireless Magnetostrictive Sensors, Sujjatul Islam, Relebohile George Qhobosheane, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

Composite materials are extending the horizons of designers in all branches of engineering. These materials have numerous advantages and improved structural properties such as high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness to weight ratio, lightweight, structural strength, and excellent durability. This has led to their use in several applications i.e. automobile, aircraft, and military defense devices. However, these materials experience various types of deformations and damage modes during their service life that are at times challenging to detect. This has led to the development of various non-destructive methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of the damages in these complex material …

5th Ic4n Book Of Abstracts, Efstathios Meletis, Nikolaos Kanellopoulos, Constantin Politis, Wolfram Schommers

International Conference from Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials to Nanodevices and Nanosystems

IC4N is a highly interdisciplinary conference focusing on all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology addressing global problems in energy, environment and human health. As in previous editions of this highly popular conference series, the overarching goal is to combine a high quality of scientific dialogue with a relaxing environment. This is a unique opportunity for both senior and junior researchers to meet, interact, and stimulate collaborations on a global scale. A number of Plenary, Keynote and invited lectures are planned by renowned scientists from all over the world, making IC4N an international nano forum of the highest quality.

Proceedings published …

Damage Precursor Identification In Composite Laminates Using Data Driven Approach, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

Composite materials are rapidly being used in commercial aviation and other day to day applications. The individual damage modes in composites are very well understood but it is the interaction of these local damage modes that leads to global failure. In the current research we intend to identify the damage precursors and the initiation of failure events in off axis unidirectional composite laminates loaded in quasi static uniaxial tension by measuring the dielectric response of the material by an in-situ technique using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS). Using the variation of permittivity with strain, we are able to classify the stages …

An Orthogonal Study Of Industrial Scale Colour Fading Process Of Cotton Fabric, Yaohui Liu, Chester Kin-Man To, Hiu-Yan Cheung, Chi-Wai Kan, Chua Hong

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

Colour fading is now a popular process used for imparting a vintage look to textile and fashion products, which enhances market value because of the current fashion trends. This study examined a non-aqueous colour fading process with the use of oxygen plasma-induced ozone treatment. An industrial scale machine and commercially available red sulpur-dyed cotton fabric (with 0.5 %, 1.5 % and 2.5 % colour depths) were used in this study. Since the colour fading process factors are inter-related to each other, a specific experiment approach, i.e. orthogonal method, was used for obtaining the optimum conditions in an industrial scale colour …

Study Of Synthesis Of Biodegradable Plastics From Alkaline Fermented Excessive Activated Sludge, Yaohui Liu, Chua Hong

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

The environmental problems associated with plastics have become increasingly severe in recent years. Technologically and economically feasible solutions are in urgent need in order to ensure sustainable development in the plastic industry. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of specialized polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HAs) and can be completely degraded in natural environment. They can be synthesized naturally or under artificially controlled processes. The barrier of limiting the application of PHAs is the high production cost. From years of study, PHAs are proofed to be able to be accumulated within the bacterial cells in activated sludge and the production yield had been …

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma‐Induced Decolorisation Of Cotton Knitted Fabric Dyed With Reactive Dye, Yaohui Liu, Chester Kin-Man To, Mei‐Ki Ngai, Chi-Wai Kan, Chua Hong

Faculty of Science & Technology (THEi)

The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorisation effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on knitted fabrics dyed with reactive dyes under different processing parameters, ie, air concentration, treatment duration and water content. The fabrics were dyed with reactive dye of a blue colour, and the colour depths were 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0% on weight of fabric. The colour properties of untreated and plasma‐treated fabric samples were evaluated by means of reflectance, K/S and relative unlevelness index. The colour properties were evaluated instrumentally and quantitatively in order to study the decolorisation effect induced by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. …

Design Of Embedded Wireless Sensors For Real-Time And In-Situ Strain Sensing Of Fiber Reinforced Composites, Relebohile George Qhobosheane, Sujjatul Islam, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

The increasing demand of early detection of barely visible damage inside fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has led to the development of advanced microsensors capable of measuring local strains and defects within FRP composites. One of the major challenges in this type of local structural health monitoring (SHM) is the development of embedded sensors which can be safely placed into FRP composites while maintaining their high strength and light weight. This paper presents the development and investigation of a set of wireless magnetostrictive sensors embedded within the FRP composites for in-situ and real-time monitoring of local strains inside the composites. …

Enhancing The Durability And The Service Life Of Asphalt Pavements Through Innovative Light-Induced Self-Healing Materials, Marwa Hassan

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17BLSU02. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a new generation of Ultraviolet (UV) light-induced self-healing polymers in enhancing the durability and self-healing properties of asphalt mixtures. Self-healing polymers were successfully synthesized in the laboratory and were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results showed that the synthesized polymers achieved the required thermal stability to resist asphalt mixture production processes. Viscosity results showed that addition of 5% Recycled Asphalt Shingle (RAS) and/or 20% …

Development Of A Self-Healing And Rejuvenating Mechanisms For Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingle, Marwa Hassan

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17BLSU06. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hollow-fibers encapsulating a rejuvenator product could improve both self-healing, rejuvenation, and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Hollow-fibers containing a rejuvenating product were synthesized via a wet spinning procedure with sodium-alginate polymer as the encapsulating material. An optimization of the production parameters for the synthesis of fibers was performed to develop fibers suitable for high-temperature and shear stress environment typical of asphalt mixture production. A self-healing experiment was conducted to evaluate the …

Integrated Health Monitoring And Reinforcement Of Transportation Structures With Optimized Low-Cost Multifunctional Braided Cables, Ibrahim Karaman, Darren Hartl

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17STTAM04. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"Corresponding data set for The objective of this research study is to design, fabricate, and characterize multifunctional high strength and self-sensing braided cables and structures using novel Fe-based shape memory alloys (SMAs). The system exploits unique properties of recently developed low-cost super-elastic FeMnAlNi SMAs, which enables excellent super-elastic properties, high strength, and self-sensing in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. This novel material technology can be coupled with modeling efforts that allow for accurate prediction of both the materials and structural response during …

Development Of A Self-Powered Structural Health Monitoring System For Transportation Infrastructure, Aydin Karsilaya, Samer Dessouky, Athanassios Papagiannakis

Data

Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17PTAM03. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:

"Roadways and bridges play an important role in the economic and social health of society by connecting commerce and people. Economic growth and population expansion pose considerable burden on the aging infrastructure (i.e., pavements and bridges). There is a pressing need to develop structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies capable of collecting infrastructure utilization data. Doing so inexpensively with self-powered systems will revolutionize infrastructure monitoring technology, and will improve decision making enabling roadway and bridge preservation. In this study, a self-powered battery-less structural …

Dielectric Property Investigation Of Degraded Pre-Preg And Performance Prediction Of The Final Composite Part, Aishwarya Nandini, Nina Shute, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

In recent years, fiber-reinforced (i.e., Glass, Carbon, Kevlar) epoxy composites are used widely in structural applications ranging from military and civil aircraft production to recreational consumer products. Most of the industries use pre-impregnated varieties of composite (prepregs) to make high-quality composite parts. Despite their various advantages, prepreg materials are unstable at ambient temperature. A realistic estimation of the shelf life of prepreg is therefore essential for maintaining quality while reducing wastage of resources. Prepregs are temperature and moisture sensitive material systems. To achieve prolonged shelf life, manufacturer and seller of the prepreg must store the materials at zero degrees Celsius …

Detection And Prediction Of Defects In Composite Materials Using Di-Electric Characterization And Neural Networks, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Aishwarya Nandini, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

The state of art non-destructive inspection techniques for composite materials detect the presence of defects in the composite material, but they do not identify what type of defect it is, and hence, further visual inspection of the details are needed. This visual classification is a costly and time-consuming process, and it’s difficult to distinguish all of the defects effectively. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS), has been an established tool for dielectric material characterization in polymer industries for a long time. Dielectric spectra of heterogeneous materials are altered by constituent interfaces, with changes in morphological heterogeneity, electrical and structural interactions between particles, …

State Variable Methods Of Assessment, Prognosis, And Control Of Composite And Bonded Structures, Kenneth Reifsnider, Rassel Raihan, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

It is generally recognized that the determination of material state is the baseline foundation for the assessment and prognosis of current and future performance of structural materials in which distributed damage leads to progressive property degradation. Many classes of composite materials, both naturally occurring and engineering designs, are governed by such behavior. However, finding appropriate measureable physical variables to make such assessments, especially for as-manufactured and subsequent real-time assessment and prognosis conditions is challenging. Measurement and analysis of multiple single defect initiation, interaction, and collective effects is the most rigorous current methodology, and is the foundation for certification and quality …

Effects Of Build Parameters On The Mechanical And Di-Electrical Properties Of Am Parts, Sai Sri Munaganuru, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rauhon Ahmed Shaik, Hari K. Adluru, Rassel Raihan

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

Additive manufacturing (AM) revolutionized many industries, i.e., Automotive, Biomedical, Aerospace and Defense. As opposed to traditional manufacturing methods, a part is manufactured layer by layer from 3D CAD models in AM. Though the vision of AM is impressive, there are many challenges that are hindering the widespread use of these complex parts. One of the challenges in these materials is defects grow and their orientation during the manufacturing process. In this paper we are going to investigate the effect of Build Parameters and their effects on the mechanical and electrical properties of the additively manufactured heterogeneous material system. We will …

Study Of Defect Coalescence In Heterogeneous Material Systems Using Broad Band Dielectric Spectroscopy., Vamsee Vadlamudi, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Priyanshu Kumar Banerjee, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

Composite materials are essential for many modern applications, including airplanes and cars, energy conversion and storage devices, medical prosthetics, and civil structures. Detecting the initiation, growth, accumulation, and coalescence of micro-damage in these heterogeneous materials and predicting the onset of component failure using conformal Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS) is a promising area of ongoing research. Recently, the authors have developed the critical path concept and Heterogeneous fracture mechanics concept that depicts the effect of defect nucleation, growth, coalescence, and fracture plane development and correlation of these damage mechanisms to change in dielectric response respectively. Current research applies those concepts to …

Predicting Adhesive Bond Performance Based On Initial Dielectric Properties, Priyanshu Kumar Banerjee, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

This paper will focus on an approach to study the mechanical as well as the dielectric properties of an adhesive bond. The dielectric testing is done by using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS), wherein the dielectric characteristics of the material are analyzed in a wide frequency spectrum. The data obtained by this technique are used to demonstrate the charge transport, the combined dipolar fluctuation, and the effects of polarization occurring between the boundaries of materials. The continuous modifications of the dielectric spectra are due to the changes in the electrical and structural interactions between the particles, shapes, and orientations of the …

Quality Assessment Of Adhesive Bond Based On Dielectric Properties, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Priyanshu Kumar Banerjee, Chaitanya Dave, Anik Mahmood, Rassel Raihan

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)

Composite materials are widely used in Aerospace, Marine and Automotive structures to reduce weight and increase performance. Adhesive bonding improves the stress distribution between the composite materials / dissimilar materials and ensures a lighter structure than conventional fastener joints. But still there is not much research on the Non-Destructive strength estimation and life prediction, or the damage prognosis of the adhesive bond. One of the main problems when using adhesive bonding is a "kissing bond" which is a weak adhesion bond alternatively called zero volume disbond. Typically, convectional non-destructive methods cannot detect this kissing bond. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy, BbDS, is …

Po2 Dependant Resistance Switch Effect In Highly Epitaxial (Laba)Co2o5+[Delta] Thin Films, Jian Liu, Gregory Collins, Ming Liu, C L. Chen, Jiechao Jiang, Efsftathios Meletis, Qingyu Zhang, Chuang Dong

Material Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Giant resistance switching behavior in mixed conductive LaBaCo2O5+ epitaxial thin film were discovered in high temperature and reducing environments during the reduction and reoxidation process. A reproducible resistance response of over 99% was achieved in the films during a change of 4% H2 /96% N2 to oxygen at temperature range of 400– 780 °C. The results indicate that at, low oxygen partial pressure, the extension of oxygen deficiency is an essential factor to the high temperature physical properties of LaBaCo2O5+ and demonstrates its potential application as a chemical sensor device for reducing environments at high temperature. © 2010 American Institute …