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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Determining Transverse Design Forces For A Next-D Bridge Using 3d Finite Element Modeling, Robert Funcik
Determining Transverse Design Forces For A Next-D Bridge Using 3d Finite Element Modeling, Robert Funcik
All Theses
This thesis looks into the use of 3D Finite Element Modeling to determine the transverse design forces for short-span bridges built using the Northeast Extreme Tee with integral deck (NEXT-D) beam. Models were built using either solid elements or shell elements to represent the bridge deck, and the results were compared. The stiffness of the shear keys were taken into account during the modeling process. Results were compared to the AASHTO strip width method for design bridge decks, and the results showed that the strip width method would not be adequate for the design of NEXT-D bridges, so specific live …
Using Gis-Based, Hitchcock Algorithm To Optimize Parking Allocations For Special Events, Wayne A. Sarasua, Prashant Malisetty, Mashrur Chowdhury
Using Gis-Based, Hitchcock Algorithm To Optimize Parking Allocations For Special Events, Wayne A. Sarasua, Prashant Malisetty, Mashrur Chowdhury
Publications
Clemson, a small college town in South Carolina, deals with a massive over-saturation of its transportation system during special events, especially during home football games, resulting in total system failure. This research has developed a methodology to optimize parking, using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based transshipment algorithm, and it has produced great time savings compared with the individual, “manual” efforts of thousands of drivers attempting to find spaces where available. As such, this research constitutes an effective implementation of the Hitchcock Transportation Algorithm for solving a transshipment problem applied to parking lot distribution. Because the Hitchcock Algorithm considers the network …
Probabilistic Approaches To Stability And Deformation Problems In Braced Excavation, Zhe Luo
Probabilistic Approaches To Stability And Deformation Problems In Braced Excavation, Zhe Luo
All Dissertations
This dissertation is aimed at applying probabilistic approaches to evaluating the basal-heave stability and the excavation-induced wall and ground movements for serviceability assessment of excavation in clays. The focuses herein are the influence of spatial variability of soil parameters and small sample size on the results of the probabilistic analysis, and Bayesian updating of soil parameters using field observations in braced excavations.
Simplified approaches for reliability analysis of basal-heave in a braced excavation in clay considering the effect of spatial variability in random fields are presented. The proposed approaches employ the variance reduction technique (or more precisely, equivalent variance method) …
A Methodology For Estimating And Comparing The Lifecycles Of High-Build And Conventional Waterborne Pavement Markings On Primary And Secondary Roads In South Carolina, Joseph Robertson
All Theses
Highway pavement markings constitute a vital component of roadway transportation systems and provide crucial visual cues for the basic driver task of following the road. In 2008, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) initiated a multi-year study to evaluate pavement markings on non-interstate primary and secondary roads in South Carolina. This thesis discusses development of a methodology for estimating and comparing the lifecycles of high-build and conventional waterborne pavement markings based on retroreflectivity levels. The methodology was developed using nearly 3 years of field data from 66 sites throughout South Carolina. This thesis provides an overview of data collection …
Robust Design And Monitoring Tools For Sustainable And Resilient Structural Design And Infrastructure Management, Sarah Dalton
Robust Design And Monitoring Tools For Sustainable And Resilient Structural Design And Infrastructure Management, Sarah Dalton
All Theses
Structural systems are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the variability in many hard-to-control `noise factors' that include but are not limited to external loads, material properties, and construction workmanship. Two design methodologies have been widely accepted in the practicing engineering realm to manage the variability associated with operational structures: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). These traditional approaches explicitly recognize the presence of uncertainty; however, they do not take robustness against this uncertainty into consideration. Overlooking this robustness against uncertainty in the structural design process has two drawbacks. First, the design may not satisfy …
Fault-Tree Model For Bridge Collapse Risk Analysis, Caitlyn Davis-Mcdaniel
Fault-Tree Model For Bridge Collapse Risk Analysis, Caitlyn Davis-Mcdaniel
All Theses
Bridges are vital components of the United States surface transportation infrastructure and, moreover, support the growth of our nation's economy. However, over the past few decades the design capacity and service condition of many bridges in the U.S. has been challenged. Numerous incidents of bridge collapse call for an urgent need to develop a systematic method of assessing the failure risks and identifying the initiating events that can lead to a bridge collapse. This thesis presents a process of bridge failure risk analysis through fault-tree modeling and identification of specific countermeasures, to minimize failure risk, related to structural health monitoring …
The Integration Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) Into Civil Engineering Curricula, Jason Cooksey
The Integration Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) Into Civil Engineering Curricula, Jason Cooksey
All Theses
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology used in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry. The proliferation of BIM usage across the industry has been swift and prolific. Academia has lagged behind the adoption rate of the industry by not producing enough students with BIM exposure. Thus, the question is whether civil engineering curricula should provide an understanding of BIM technology to students entering the design and construction profession. The immediate objective of this research is to determine if it is important to provide exposure of BIM to undergraduate or graduate students in the civil engineering curricula and if so to …
Analyzing Of Tort Claims And Lawsuits Against South Carolina Department Of Transportation Through Classification And Regression Tree Analysis, Sara Familian
All Dissertations
After losing sovereign immunity in 1985, SCDOT employees now focus a significant amount of time in processing tort claims and lawsuits filed against the agency. This is an important issue for transportation agencies considering the fact that money spent defending tort claims and lawsuits, is no longer available for safety and mobility improvements on the state highway system.
The South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) processes approximately one thousand claims per year and is engaged in nearly one hundred lawsuits per year. SCDOT has paid just over a half million ($523,607) to settle on 1007 claims - approximately 1/3 of …
Influence Of Warm Mix Additives Upon High Rap Asphalt Mixes, William Rogers
Influence Of Warm Mix Additives Upon High Rap Asphalt Mixes, William Rogers
All Dissertations
This study was conducted to determine the effect of warm mix (WMA) modifiers on asphalt mixes containing high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Mixes were created using three aggregate sources, four RAP percentages (0%, 20%, 35%, and 50%), and three warm mix modifiers (HMA, zeolite, and Sasobit®). Base binders from the same source (PG 64 -22, 58 -28, 52 -28) and one rejuvenator were used for each mix to ensure the final blended binder grade was at least PG 64 -10.
Specimens were created at HMA or suggested WMA temperatures and tested for rut depth, indirect tensile strength (ITS), …
Fluid Mud Underflows In Coastal Dredge Disposal, Mijanur Chowdhury
Fluid Mud Underflows In Coastal Dredge Disposal, Mijanur Chowdhury
All Dissertations
This manuscript presents the results of a thorough theoretical and experimental investigation on fluid mud underflows generated in a typical coastal dredge disposal operation. The main goal of this investigation is to understand the propagation dynamics of fluid mud underflows that depends upon a number of factors, including: concentrations, rheological properties and released configurations of fluid mud. Laboratory experiments were conducted with different initial fluid mud concentrations in three different experimental set-ups: rectangular flume for constant volume release, rectangular flume for constant flux release, and a square pool for radial constant flux release of fluid mud. The experiments in the …
Temporal Pier Scour Evolution Under Stepped Hydrographs, Mark Schillinger
Temporal Pier Scour Evolution Under Stepped Hydrographs, Mark Schillinger
All Theses
The present study was aimed at measuring the scour hole profile at bridge piers under clear water scour. Scour tests were performed under both steady state flow and under stepped hydrographs. Multiple smaller flood events were run to determine how flood history affects scour hole development. Various equilibrium scour depth equations and proposed temporal scour models were compared. The similarity of the scour hole profiles with time and flow history were evaluated.
Experiments were conducted in a 14.8 m long, 1.19 m wide, 1.22 m deep rectangular flume with a model bridge pier. A uniform sediment bed (d50= …
Analysis And Parameterization Of The Flight Of Ember Generation Experiments, Hillary Harris
Analysis And Parameterization Of The Flight Of Ember Generation Experiments, Hillary Harris
All Theses
This thesis presents a study on ember flight modeling based on a series of wind tunnel experiments. The purpose of these experiments and the data collected was to provide the input conditions for an ember flight model in order to compare and validate the model predictions. An analysis was performed which determined the sensitivity of model predictions of downwind mass distribution to uncertainties in the model input parameters.
From the wind tunnel experiments, flight distances were measured and characteristic ember size distributions were obtained from the collected data. A flight model was developed based on standard models published in the …
Development And Application Of A Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Wind-Borne Debris Trajectory Model, James Grayson
Development And Application Of A Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Wind-Borne Debris Trajectory Model, James Grayson
All Theses
This research presents a probabilistic debris trajectory model adapted from current 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) deterministic models, in which the aleatoric (inherent) uncertainty is explicitly considered in the proposed probabilistic model. While the inherent randomness in the debris flight trajectory is irreducible due to the wind turbulence, variation in wind direction, gustiness of the wind event and so forth, the proposed probabilistic model seeks to address these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations with the appropriate statistical distributions applied to the governing equations of motion of the debris. Verification of the probabilistic debris trajectory model is performed through an analytical and visual comparison …
Influence Of Pavement Type On Near Surface Air Temperature, David Duncan
Influence Of Pavement Type On Near Surface Air Temperature, David Duncan
All Theses
Effects from an Urban Heat Island (UHI) can be detrimental to the world as a whole. This study examines a collection of permeable and conventional pavements in South Carolina to determine how they relate to near surface air temperatures, which is an indicator of the UHI impact of an area. Three locations were used, each with a different selection of pavement type. Permeable and conventional forms of both asphalt and concrete were tested, as were some open graded friction course samples. Air temperatures were measured and recorded from the pavement surface up to an elevation of 60-in.
Multiple days of …
The Effects Of Fundamental Mixture Parameters On Hot-Mix Asphalt Performance Properties, Wenbin Zhao
The Effects Of Fundamental Mixture Parameters On Hot-Mix Asphalt Performance Properties, Wenbin Zhao
All Dissertations
Asphalt pavements are composed of three components: aggregate, asphalt binder, and air. In the process of plant production and on-site construction, the construction quality can vary in the three component and the variability can further affect a pavement's future performance.. This research identifies aggregate gradation, binder content, and air voids content as the fundamental parameters. Understanding the fundamental parameters' influence on the HMA mixture's performance properties can provide valuable information on how to improve the current quality insurance practice. The objective of this study is to conduct well-controlled experiments to investigate how mix gradation, air voids and small range binder …
Social Sustainability Considerations During Planning And Design: A Framework Of Processes For Construction Projects, Rodolfo Valdes Vasquez
Social Sustainability Considerations During Planning And Design: A Framework Of Processes For Construction Projects, Rodolfo Valdes Vasquez
All Dissertations
With increased awareness of issues such as global resource shortages and climate change, sustainability efforts are becoming more common in the construction industry. While these efforts often consider economic and environmental factors, a truly sustainable construction project also needs to include such social considerations as its impact on the surrounding community and the safety, health, and education of the workforce. For the construction industry, social sustainability requires integrating processes for improving safety, health and well-being over the project life cycle. However, an empirical and comprehensive framework defining these social sustainability processes in construction projects has yet to be clearly delineated. …
Investigation Into The Role Of Airfield Pavement Deicer In Concrete Pavement Deterioration, David Wingard
Investigation Into The Role Of Airfield Pavement Deicer In Concrete Pavement Deterioration, David Wingard
All Dissertations
Premature deterioration of concrete due to materials-related distresses has been observed with increased frequency in airfield pavements across the United States in the past two decades. The use of a new breed of deicing chemicals based on alkali-acetates and alkali-formates, starting in the early 1990s, has been suspected to be one of the significant reasons for the increase in the observed deterioration. Previous laboratory-based studies have found that the early-age deterioration in concrete is associated with exposure to deicers causing acceleration of the Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) deterioration mechanism and consequent failure. However, no systematic forensic studies on the impact …
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Open Graded Friction Course Mixtures, James Wurst
Evaluation Of Warm Mix Open Graded Friction Course Mixtures, James Wurst
All Theses
The goal of this study was to evaluate EvothermTM (a chemical package) and foaming (a water-injection method) warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies to determine their effectiveness in producing high quality open graded friction course (OGFC) mixes. Specifically, this study focused on the effect of the removal of stabilizing additives (fibers and polymers) on the optimum binder content and performance of WMA OGFC mixtures. By focusing on additive removal, this study attempted to evaluate practical production concerns and the possible benefits of WMA technologies combined with OGFC.
The EvothermTM WMA and foaming WMA mixes were compared to traditional HMA OGFC by …
Structural Health Monitoring Of Historic Masonry Monuments, Saurabh Prabhu
Structural Health Monitoring Of Historic Masonry Monuments, Saurabh Prabhu
All Theses
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a well-accepted diagnostic technique being used to evaluate modern structures. This method involves monitoring the vibration response of a structure to detect changes in its structural state. The primary intention of this thesis is to address two practical and technical difficulties encountered in deploying SHM on historic masonry monuments: (i) the selection of suitable low dimensional vibration response features that are highly sensitive to the presence and extent of damage, while having low sensitivity to extraneous noise and (ii) the selection of optimal sensor locations for efficient system identification applied to Gothic Cathedrals. Both of …
Sensitivity Analysis Of Load Distribution In Light-Framed Wood Roof System Due To Typical Modeling Parameters, Ranjith Shivarudrappa
Sensitivity Analysis Of Load Distribution In Light-Framed Wood Roof System Due To Typical Modeling Parameters, Ranjith Shivarudrappa
All Theses
Since failure of roof systems in past high wind events have demonstrated the consequences of not maintaining a continuous load path from the roof to the foundation, many studies have been conducted to better understand this load path, including how loads are distributed in the system. The present study looks to add to the current knowledge of the vertical load path by focusing on uplift loads and by considering the sensitivity of different modeling parameters. This is done by developing and assessing load influence coefficients for various roof-to-wall (RTW) connections. An analytical model of a light-framed wood structure using finite …
An Experimental And Computational Study Of Windborne Debris In Severe Storms, Arash Karimpour
An Experimental And Computational Study Of Windborne Debris In Severe Storms, Arash Karimpour
All Dissertations
Abstract
This research focuses on an experimental and theoretical investigation of windborne debris emanating from loose gravel on built-up roofs. During severe storms, windborne debris can cause considerable physical harm and property damage. One of the major sources of flying debris in large commercial areas is loose gravel on built-up roofs. Such loose gravel can be responsible loss of life and significant property damage. Despite the high risk of windborne debris, their flight mechanics are poorly understood. To better understand windborne debris flight, a series of experiments were conducted in the Clemson University Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel. These experiments were …
Behavior Of The Next-D Beam Shear Key: A Finite Element Approach, Armando Flores
Behavior Of The Next-D Beam Shear Key: A Finite Element Approach, Armando Flores
All Theses
State Departments of Transportation have been using adjacent precast bridges for many years. A vital component of this type of bridges is the connection between the members, which is typically done with a grouted shear key. Shear keys have changed through time to adapt to the requirements of bridge design. An assessment of the Northeast Extreme Tee with integral deck (NEXT-D) was performed for the SCDOT as a development possibility for short span bridges. This research focuses on the finite element analysis study of the NEXT-D's specific shear key configuration.
A review of shear key configurations used by different DOTs …
Retrofit Solutions For Sealed Pervious Concrete Pavements, Gregory Bunting
Retrofit Solutions For Sealed Pervious Concrete Pavements, Gregory Bunting
All Theses
The goal of this research was to design, implement, and evaluate several retrofit solutions for sealed pervious concrete. Properly functioning pervious concrete pavements allow water to drain through the structure, eliminating the need for traditional drainage infrastructure. A recent study of South Carolina porous pavements (Putman 2010) revealed that some pervious concrete pavements are not properly draining, either because of sealing at the surface. Sealed pavements are generally a result of construction processes, and sealed pavements cannot be fixed with sediment removal techniques such as vacuuming and pressure washing. This study investigates a technique to increase infiltration of sealed pervious …
Probablistic Assessment Of Roof Uplift Capacities In Low-Rise Residential Construction, Bagyalakshmi Shanmugam
Probablistic Assessment Of Roof Uplift Capacities In Low-Rise Residential Construction, Bagyalakshmi Shanmugam
All Dissertations
Post hurricane damage investigations of light frame wood residential structures reveal that roof envelope failure induces considerable damage to the structure and its contents. Roof - to - wall (RTW) connection failures though not as common as roof sheathing failure also cause significant structural and material damage. Considerable changes have been made in the ASCE structural loads standard and International Building code (IBC) after hurricane Andrew in order to prevent RTW connection and sheathing failures. That includes not only a substantial increase in the design wind load in the past two decades but also a strict enforcement of tighter nailing …
A Finite Element Model For Coupled Deformation-Flow Analysis Of Unsaturated Soil-Structure Systems And Its Validation, Hadakopan Krishnapillai
A Finite Element Model For Coupled Deformation-Flow Analysis Of Unsaturated Soil-Structure Systems And Its Validation, Hadakopan Krishnapillai
All Dissertations
The unsaturated soil mechanics is one of the emerging fields that require extensive studies to understand its behavior under various loading and environmental conditions. Unsaturated soil consists of three bulk phases: solid, liquid and gas and three interfaces: solid-liquid, liquid-gas and gas-solid. It is generally accepted that the interaction among various bulk phases and interfaces has to be taken into account in the characterization of unsaturated soils. The behavior of soil-structure systems is complex and the complexity further increases when the structure is located in unsaturated soil. Numerical methods such as the finite element method are ideally suited for elucidating …
Wave Reflection Characteristics Of Permeable And Impermeable Submerged Trapezoidal Breakwaters, Mathew Hornack
Wave Reflection Characteristics Of Permeable And Impermeable Submerged Trapezoidal Breakwaters, Mathew Hornack
All Theses
The present study aims to quantify reflection coefficients in the vicinity of impermeable and permeable submerged trapezoidal breakwaters. Three impermeable breakwater models are tested, each with a unique side slope for the breakwater faces. Two permeable models are tested, one made of PVC pipe and the other consisting of golf balls contained within a mesh cage, to provide two separate porosities. Testing is carried out at the Clemson University Flow Physics Laboratory in a laboratory wave tank with the inclusion of a 1:20 sloping sandy beach to simulate natural environmental conditions. Wave elevations are collected during experiments by two capacitance …
Effect Of Selected Parameters On Aggregate Reactivity In Accelerated Mortar Bar Test Method: Aggregate Size & Deicers, Sujay Math
All Theses
Abstract
Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction between reactive siliceous aggregates and the alkali hydroxides present in the pore solution of hydrated cement paste in concrete. The chemical reaction produces ASR gel that is hygroscopic in nature and is volumetrically unstable in the presence of moisture. Expansion resulting from the swelling of the gel creates tensile stresses in the concrete leading to cracking and distress.
While ASR distress has been known to occur in concrete for over last 70 years, there has been an increase in the frequency of this distress in recent years. This is primarily due …
Predictive Modeling Of Wind Turbine Blades, Kendra Van Buren
Predictive Modeling Of Wind Turbine Blades, Kendra Van Buren
All Theses
Wind turbine blades are being produced at a larger scale in order to meet demands from the burgeoning U.S. wind energy industry, and are forecasted to only grow larger for off-shore applications. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) provides a cost and time efficient alternative when studying the structural behavior of blades such as for loading conditions that are too difficult to replicate in laboratory conditions, and for various severity of damage in wind turbine blades. For this reason, M&S will continue to play an indispensible role in understanding the behavior of wind turbine blades and is gradually replacing the traditional test, …
Meeting Engineering Program Objectives Through Service Learning Opportunities In Developing Countries, Jeffrey M. Plumblee, Lansford Bell, Leidy E. Klotz
Meeting Engineering Program Objectives Through Service Learning Opportunities In Developing Countries, Jeffrey M. Plumblee, Lansford Bell, Leidy E. Klotz
Publications
The civil engineering profession, in an adaptive reaction to emerging roles for civil engineers, is recognizing the need for new engineers to possess a more robust skill set than just the typical design background. This paper describes the efforts of Clemson Engineers for Developing Countries (CEDC) to fulfill the more nontraditional and often unaddressed “learning outcomes” noted by ASCE’s Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century as important prerequisites for licensure. The learning outcomes are addressed through ongoing international service learning projects in Cange, Haiti. The paper focuses on the following four outcomes and their fulfillment methods: leadership, …
Transit System Evaluation Process: From Planning To Realization, K Bartman, Jennifer Ogle, Mashrur Chowdhury, Anne Dunning
Transit System Evaluation Process: From Planning To Realization, K Bartman, Jennifer Ogle, Mashrur Chowdhury, Anne Dunning
Publications
Many frameworks exist to help transit agencies plan, operate, and monitor the performance of transit in rural and urban communities. No framework integrates these three critical business practices into one coherent and flexible framework useful to rural and small-sized cities. The primary objective of this research was to integrate planning, operations, and performance measurement activities into a framework designed to evaluate transit in the context of overall mobility. By combining planning, evaluation, and performance monitoring processes, a succinct framework useful to transit agencies and planners was created. In addition to city entities, colleges and universities operating or contracting transit systems …