Science and Mathematics Education Commons^™

J.H. Hildebrand in 1946 perhaps stated it best, “There seems to be no topic in freshman chemistry that presents more difficulties to students than chemical equilibrium. After trying for over 30 years to give clear answers to their questions, I have come to have a great deal of sympathy with them, realizing that the subject is inherently a difficult one.” Chemical equilibrium continues to challenge even the most apt pupils. The test of utilizing an alternative methodology, the systematic approach, was worthy of exploring to demonstrate if cadets could focus their learning on the concepts in lieu of the traditional …