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Full-Text Articles in Science and Mathematics Education
Joseph Henry, W. H. Kadesch
Joseph Henry, W. H. Kadesch
Science Bulletin
Have you ever asked your pupils the question, what American has contributed most to the development of electrical science? Very likely a great majority would answer without hesitation, Edison, the inventor of the incandescent light. Some might answer, Bell, the inventor of the telephone. A few, the radio fans, might say De Forest, the inventor of the three electrode tube. An occasional one might even answer Franklin, the first great American scientist, who drew electricity from the clouds, and showed that lightning and the "electric fluid" are the same. Not one, I am sure, would ever mention Joseph Henry.
Magnetism, L. Begeman
Magnetism, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Interstellar space is characterized by the existence of three all pervading fields of force denoted respectively as gravitational, electric, and magnetic. Einstein in his general theory of relativity demonstrates mathematically that these three force fields are but different aspects of one universal field. To the average man, however, these three natural forces will always appear as separate distinct entities.
Newton's Laws Of Motion, L. Begeman
Newton's Laws Of Motion, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
In the study of Newton's Laws of Motion, it is more important to understand the concepts they embody than to be able to repeat them verbatim. Too frequently, in the teaching of high school physics, memory work is allowed to take the place of concrete information. This is particularly true with reference to these basic mechanical concepts of the physical universe known as Newton's Laws of Motion.
Motion, L. Begeman
Motion, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Motion is a general property of matter. There is no rest in the absolute sense. An object at rest with reference to the earth 's surface is in rapid motion with reference to the earth's axis of rotation just as a person may be at rest in a Pullman car and at the same time be in rapid motion with reference to the ground. All divisions of matter, - masses, molecules, atoms, protons, and electrons are moving relatively all of the time.
The Simple Machines, L. Begeman
The Simple Machines, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
With reference to a pulley system, the work equation is clearly discerned in its practical operation. In presenting the pulley, the writer uses a rectangular frame about two feet high and three feet wide. A number of hooks are screwed into the top cross piece of the frame. With such a device a number of different pulley combinations can be shown at one time.
The Simple Machines, L. Begeman
The Simple Machines, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
In the discussion of simple machines it is best to begin with the lever and the wheel and axle. Both of these simple machines give us a practical illustration of the principle of moments. The lever is the simpler and clearer illustration and usually presents little difficulty to a student body. The wheel and axle is a device which can be considered to be a continuously acting lever in which the radius of the wheel is the force or effort arm and the radius of the axle is the resistance arm.
Mechanics Of Solids, L. Begeman
Mechanics Of Solids, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
According to the traditional arrangement of subject matter in textbooks on high school physics, it is customary to introduce the treatment of mechanics of so-lids by beginning with the subject of motion, force, and Newton's laws of motion. This at once leads the immature student into a labyrinth of abstract conceptions that is generally disheartening. It would show better judgment on the part of the teacher to begin the subject of mechanics with material that is more concrete to the student and which is continually before him in his environment.
Molecular Forces, L. Begeman
Molecular Forces, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
The three states of matter denoted as solids, liquids and gases are different phenomena of matter arising from a change in the intensity of molecular attractions.
Capillarity, L. Begeman
Capillarity, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
One of the best practical illustrations of the effect of surface tension is found in capillarity. For this topic the instructor will do well to base his teaching upon surface tension. It is this force that raises the water in a clean glass capillary tube and that depresses the mercury in such a tube.
Crystallization, L. Begeman
Crystallization, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
One of the most interesting molecular phenomena in nature is known as crystallization. It is brought about in the arts of man and in nature by three methods. When a chemical salt, such as table salt, is dissolved in water and allowed to stand in a shallow dish until it dries, it will be observed that the solid residue appears as crystals. Those from common table salt will be cubical in form. However, every different salt will yield its own distinctly shaped crystal.
Molecular Forces, L. Begeman
Molecular Forces, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
One of the characteristic properties of molecules assembled in masses is their attraction for one another. While it is customary to classify these attractions under two heads, cohesion and adhesion, it is well understood that there is in reality only one form of attraction.
The Structure Of Matter, L. Begeman
The Structure Of Matter, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
At the present time, physical science recognizes the following divisions of matter: masses, molecules, atoms, electrons and protons. Matter appeals to us directly in the form of masses. We can readily sense a mass of water, a mass of air or a mass of iron; but it is quite different with the other divisions of matter. Molecules are so small that it takes about seventy billion billion of them laid side by side to extend through the length of one inch.
The Molecular Kinetic Theory, L. Begeman
The Molecular Kinetic Theory, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Every teacher of elementary physics should have a thorough understanding of the molecular kinetic theory of matter since it is so indispensable in the explanation of various phenomena in physical science. One might even divide contemporary elementary physics into three divisions, viz: mass physics, molecular physics and electronic physics.
Measuring The Stars, W. H. Kadesch
Measuring The Stars, W. H. Kadesch
Science Bulletin
Walking out on any clear and moonless night, one is thrilled at the sight of the seeming myriad of twinkling stars. To the artistically inclined, there is beauty and majesty, to the philosophically minded, food for speculation. ·where a r e these stars, what are they, whence come they, and ·whither do they go? Are they unchangeable through the aeons or do they progress through youth, maturity, old age, and finally into stellar death and oblivion? We ca n follow briefly only one or two of these speculations in these few short paragraphs.
Atmospheric Pressure, L. Begeman
Atmospheric Pressure, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
An account of the experiment reached Paris the next year and came to the notice of Pascal. He could not try the experiment until 1646 when glass tubes were available to him. Pascal reasoned that if the atmosphere supported the mercury column, the height of the column should be lessened when the apparatus was carried to a high altitude.
Atmospheric Pressure, L. Begeman
Atmospheric Pressure, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Having learned the meaning of "pressure" from the study of hydrostatics, the pupil is easily led to understand the striking phenomena of atmospheric pressure. He should readily appreciate that the term refers to the gravity pressure of the atmosphere.
An Experiment In Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
An Experiment In Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Individual laboratory work in hydrostatics is not very essential if the teacher is properly equipped for classroom demonstration. However, it would be interesting and profitable in communities where gas is sup- plied to the laboratory, to have the student measure the gas pressure by means of a water column.
Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
The classroom apparatus necessary for an effective, interesting presentation of hydrostatics includes: pressure tubes, manometer tubes, pressure syringe, Pascal's vases and equilibrium tubes. All of these are listed in the apparatus catalogs found in every high school.
Laboratory Equipment And Experiments For Determinations Of Density, L. Begeman
Laboratory Equipment And Experiments For Determinations Of Density, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
Laboratory experiments in Density require the following apparatus: beam balances, meter sticks, graduates, calipers, tumblers, test tubes, and hydrometers. There should be as many of each as possible· in order to reduce the amount of group work. The objects for study should include pieces of lead, zinc, marble, paraffin, beeswax, glass stoppers, shot, gasoline and solutions of salts such as blue vitriol.
Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
Hydrostatics, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
The teacher may introduce this subject to the class by reference to the meaning of "pressure" as used in mechanics. Explain to them that the gauge pressure in a steam boiler or auto tire refers to the number of pounds pressure on each square inch of inner surface. Sometimes a problem will make it clear.
Something From Nothing, W. H. Kadesch
Something From Nothing, W. H. Kadesch
Science Bulletin
Matter made while you wait-hydrogen, helium, oxygen, iron or what will you have? No, it has not quite come to this! But the time-honored law of conservation which states that matter is neither destructible nor creatable is no longer accepted as unquestionably and universally true.
The Beginning Course In High School Physics, L. Begeman
The Beginning Course In High School Physics, L. Begeman
Science Bulletin
All authorities on the teaching of physics are agreed that the beginning work of a class in high school physics should be distinctly concrete in nature. It should consist of such subject matter as will readily connect up with the acquired concepts of the student. It is best not to begin with the unfamiliar, abstruse concepts of force, motion and acceleration usually placed first in the high school text.