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Full-Text Articles in Education

Development Of Computational Thinking Through Blockscad, Blockly And Problem-Solving In Mathematics, Ángel-Alberto Magreñán-Ruiz, Rubén-Arístides González-Crespo, Cristina Jiménez-Hernández, Lara Orcos-Palma Jan 2024

Development Of Computational Thinking Through Blockscad, Blockly And Problem-Solving In Mathematics, Ángel-Alberto Magreñán-Ruiz, Rubén-Arístides González-Crespo, Cristina Jiménez-Hernández, Lara Orcos-Palma

Revista Española de Pedagogía

No abstract provided.


An Exploratory Study Of University Students’ Regulation Profiles And Satisfaction With Flipped Classrooms, J. Reinaldo Martínez-Fernández, Ingrid Noguera-Fructuoso, Anna Ciraso-Calí, Antonio Vega-Martínez Jan 2024

An Exploratory Study Of University Students’ Regulation Profiles And Satisfaction With Flipped Classrooms, J. Reinaldo Martínez-Fernández, Ingrid Noguera-Fructuoso, Anna Ciraso-Calí, Antonio Vega-Martínez

Revista Española de Pedagogía

No abstract provided.


The Implementation Of Nurse Practitioner Residency Programs To Increase The Employment Retention Of New Graduates, Roni-Jo Panganiban Dec 2023

The Implementation Of Nurse Practitioner Residency Programs To Increase The Employment Retention Of New Graduates, Roni-Jo Panganiban

Master of Science in Nursing Family Nurse Practitioner

This review explores the effectiveness of Nurse Practitioner (NP) residency programs in addressing role strain, burnout, and retaining new graduates. It emphasizes the factors contributing to NP resignations and proposes formal residency programs to improve job satisfaction and retention rates. Research highlights benefits such as enhanced preparedness, credibility, and better patient care, advocating for increased program accessibility and funding. Additionally, the application of the theory of planned behavior underscores compliance with regulations, evidence-based practice, and environmental influences for patient safety in advanced practice registered nursing. The literature review on NP residency programs draws from six empirical articles, focusing on job …


Examining The Relationship Between Program Satisfaction, Credential Earnings, And Gender On Full-Time Employment Outcomes Of Career And Technical Program High School Graduates In Virginia, Margaret J. Turley May 2023

Examining The Relationship Between Program Satisfaction, Credential Earnings, And Gender On Full-Time Employment Outcomes Of Career And Technical Program High School Graduates In Virginia, Margaret J. Turley

STEMPS Theses & Dissertations

Career and technical education (CTE) incorporates occupational skills, workforce readiness skills, and credentials that make high school graduates better prepared for the workforce. Students who complete CTE programs of study have higher employment rates after high school graduation and often go on to postsecondary education. For those who do not go on to postsecondary education, CTE programs can provide opportunities for increased earnings and more access to the labor market.

This quantitative study used binary logistic regression, using data collected by the Center for Survey Research of the University of Virginia’s Weldon Cooper Center to examine if satisfaction with CTE …


The Influence Of Campus Facilities On The Satisfaction And Retention Of Students In A Higher Education Setting, Tim Norton May 2023

The Influence Of Campus Facilities On The Satisfaction And Retention Of Students In A Higher Education Setting, Tim Norton

Culminating Projects in Higher Education Administration

The goal of this quantitative study was to provide insight into the influence of facilities on satisfaction and retention of students in a single higher education setting, St. Cloud State University (SCSU). I used a survey research design with current undergraduate and graduate students to examine relationships among various aspects of facility design, student satisfaction, and student intention to persist to graduation. The survey was used to explore (a) the influence of specific campus facilities on students’ current level of satisfaction and intention to continue enrollment; (b) specific types of facilities most affecting student choice and satisfaction; and (c) how …


A Grounded Theory For The Dissatisfaction Of Asynchronous Online Education Among Community College Students, Scott Sandok Mar 2023

A Grounded Theory For The Dissatisfaction Of Asynchronous Online Education Among Community College Students, Scott Sandok

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

As higher education institutions face the pressures of decreasing enrollment, online education is experiencing significant growth. Students are attracted to asynchronous online courses’ flexibility but often have inconsistent experiences. Previous research focused on drivers of satisfaction for online learning; this study concentrated on identifying the drivers of dissatisfaction for asynchronous online delivery among community college students. This study utilized a survey and semi-structured interviews to generate a grounded theory answer to the drivers of dissatisfaction. A survey based on Moore’s Transactional Distance Theory model broadly identified the areas of most significant concern for students with experience with asynchronous online courses. …


Reasons Clinical Education Directors Intend To Leave Their Jobs, Alicia Klein, Katrina M. Schrode, Lucy W. Kibe, Gerald Kayingo Feb 2023

Reasons Clinical Education Directors Intend To Leave Their Jobs, Alicia Klein, Katrina M. Schrode, Lucy W. Kibe, Gerald Kayingo

Graduate School Faculty Publications

Objectives

The goals of this study were to characterize clinical coordinators compared to other Physician Assistant (PA) faculty, and investigate factors associated with intent to leave their position, institution, and academia in the U.S.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of data obtained from the 2019 Physician Assistant Education Association (PAEA) Faculty and Directors Survey. We examined bivariate associations with faculty role and conducted multiple logistic regression to identify predictors of intent to leave among clinical directors.

Results

Clinical directors indicated an intention to leave their position more often than other faculty. Factors influencing intent to leave were a lack …


Quality Of Community Sports Service Distribution And Behavior Intention Of The Elderly, Yani Cui, Hongying Wang Feb 2023

Quality Of Community Sports Service Distribution And Behavior Intention Of The Elderly, Yani Cui, Hongying Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of community sports distribution service through the evaluation and satisfaction of the elderly in Yangpu District of Shanghai on the quality of community sports service and explore the relationship between the quality of community sports distribution service, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Data were collected by using surveys and analyzed using mathematical statistics. The survey refers to SERVPERF model to design a six-dimension, intermediary variable satisfaction and behavioral intention five-point scale for the service quality of community sports distribution. The sample size was 261. SPSS25.0 was used to conduct data analysis. …


Examining Factors Determining The Behavioral Intention To Use Mobile Learning Systems In Higher Education: An Integrative Framework During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nessrin Shaya, Sandra Baroudi, Laila Mohebi Jan 2023

Examining Factors Determining The Behavioral Intention To Use Mobile Learning Systems In Higher Education: An Integrative Framework During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nessrin Shaya, Sandra Baroudi, Laila Mohebi

All Works

This paper explores mobile learning (m-learning) acceptance and use through integrating UTAUT and IS success models to examine whether quality factors (including “Information Quality,” “System Quality” and “Service Quality”) and behavioral factors (including “Performance Expectancy,” “Social Influence” and “Facilitating Conditions”) predict students’ satisfaction and their intention to use m-learning systems. Data were collected through surveys from a total of 383 higher education male and female students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Structural equation modelling and path analysis were employed to test the proposed research model, showing that “Information Quality,” “System Quality,” “Service Quality,” “Performance Expectancy,” “Social Influence,” “Facilitating Conditions,” …


Participation In The Relaxing Listening Program: Postsecondary L2 Learner Responses And Effects On Listening Comprehension, Thanh Ha Vu Jan 2023

Participation In The Relaxing Listening Program: Postsecondary L2 Learner Responses And Effects On Listening Comprehension, Thanh Ha Vu

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Based on theories and practices developed by Pimsleur (2013), Hoge (2014), and Delong (2017), the Relaxing Listening Program (RLP) provides an innovative learning opportunity to enhance L2 learners’ vocabulary acquisition and the development of their listening and speaking skills with the aim to reduce anxiety in the learning process. This research study examines how postsecondary L2 learners in an intensive English program at an American university responded to the RLP and explores its effect on their listening comprehension and other targeted language skills. Though repetitive listening is still open to debate regarding its practice and impact on language learning, this …


Home Fare Advantage: An Examination Of The Role Of Food And Beverages In Mercedes-Benz Stadium’S Event Experience, Mark A. Slavich, Gregg Rich, Dylan Williams Nov 2022

Home Fare Advantage: An Examination Of The Role Of Food And Beverages In Mercedes-Benz Stadium’S Event Experience, Mark A. Slavich, Gregg Rich, Dylan Williams

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Through the lens of Expectation Disconfirmation Theory and with consideration of other event experience factors, our study examines how strategic concessions changes implemented by the Arthur M. Blank (AMB) Group with the building of Mercedes-Benz Stadium affect the fan experience at its professional sport events. These changes differ significantly from operational practices at most sport venues, with emphasis on eliminating bottlenecks to increase throughput and allowing for reduced costs without negatively affecting quality. Data were collected through an online survey of Atlanta United match attendees and an online observation. Results from this study suggest that management prioritization of concession services …


Antecedents And Consequences Of Conspicuous Sport Consumption, Yukyoum Kim, Sun Hwan Hwang, Marshall Magnusen Nov 2022

Antecedents And Consequences Of Conspicuous Sport Consumption, Yukyoum Kim, Sun Hwan Hwang, Marshall Magnusen

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Conspicuous consumption is when consumers acquire luxury goods and services to help publicly demonstrate their desired economic and social status. Even though conspicuous consumption can help individuals experience social distinction and a heightened sense of self-esteem, much still needs to be known about this occurrence in the context of sport. Accordingly, the focus of this study was to examine antecedents (i.e., Expertise and Self-esteem) and outcomes (i.e., Satisfaction and Subjective Well-being) of conspicuous consumption of upscale sport goods. An empirical study was conducted with cyclists (n = 393). The research model was analyzed using simultaneous equations analysis. Expertise was shown …


Australian General Practice Training Program: National Report On The 2022 National Registrar Survey, Rebecca Taylor, Leyna Clarke, Ali Radloff Nov 2022

Australian General Practice Training Program: National Report On The 2022 National Registrar Survey, Rebecca Taylor, Leyna Clarke, Ali Radloff

Higher education research

The Australian General Practice Training National Registrar Survey (AGPT NRS) is an annual, national survey of GP registrars currently training in the AGPT program. It collects information via an online questionnaire about registrar satisfaction, experience and future career plans. It also collects information about registrars’ demographics and training contexts and other aspects of their training experience. This survey is part of the Department of Health and Aged Care’s (the Department) monitoring and quality improvement activities. From June 27 until August 12, 2022, the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) administered the AGPT NRS to registrars enrolled in active training on …


The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Religiosity In Evangelical Christian Schools, Jairon Gabriel Jarrin May 2022

The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Religiosity In Evangelical Christian Schools, Jairon Gabriel Jarrin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this non-experimental predictive-correlational study was to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and religiosity among teachers working in evangelical Christian schools. This study was grounded in two theories: Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation and spiritual leadership theory. Herzberg's theory of motivation helps explain how teachers become satisfied or dissatisfied by distinguishing between motivational and hygiene factors. Spiritual leadership theory helps understand the importance of spirituality in the workplace and its relation to Christian religiosity in the workplace. This study is important because it added to the discussion about evangelical Christian schools that is very limited in the …


Status Of Abortion Curriculum In Genetic Counseling: Survey Of Graduate Programs And Recent Graduates In The United States, Gina Sanchez May 2022

Status Of Abortion Curriculum In Genetic Counseling: Survey Of Graduate Programs And Recent Graduates In The United States, Gina Sanchez

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Genetic counselors are trained to help individuals navigate the medical and psychological implications of genetic test results, familial conditions, and ultrasound anomalies. Therefore, familiarity of reproductive options, including abortion, is vital. Previous studies have found gaps in genetic counselors’ knowledge regarding abortion care. Currently, there are currently no recommendations regarding abortion curriculum or education. Thus, this study aimed to assess the state of abortion curriculum in genetic counseling programs in the United States (U.S.) and to examine and compare the satisfaction levels of program representatives and recent graduates. Program representatives and recent graduates were invited to complete an anonymous survey …


A Quantitative Study To Examine The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Path-Goal Approach And Teachers’ Perceived Working Conditions, Tierra Stark May 2022

A Quantitative Study To Examine The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Path-Goal Approach And Teachers’ Perceived Working Conditions, Tierra Stark

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between school administrators' path-goal approach to leadership and their teachers' perceptions of working conditions. Findings from this research may help school administrators and leadership preparation programs to understand better the application of theories related to motivation, leveraging power, and goal attainment. The conceptual framework behind this study was the inherent inclinations of school administrators in approaching leadership decisions from four pathways; directive, supportive, participative, and/or achievement-oriented.

For use in statistical analysis through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), data were collected via a questionnaire to currently practicing …


A Look At The Bright Side Of Dance: Analysis Of The Relationship Between Dance Experience, Experience Quality, Satisfaction And Word Of Mouth, Metin Argan, Sabri Kaya, Caner Özgen, Gozde Yetim, Alikhan Guseynov Mar 2022

A Look At The Bright Side Of Dance: Analysis Of The Relationship Between Dance Experience, Experience Quality, Satisfaction And Word Of Mouth, Metin Argan, Sabri Kaya, Caner Özgen, Gozde Yetim, Alikhan Guseynov

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Leisure experience, including dance motivation, is one of the key factors for participation in dance events or festivals. Therefore, the experience quality that facilitates individual relationships is likely to influence the dancers’ participation. The purpose of this study is to determine and to analyze dance experience motivations, experience quality, satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Material and methods: The sample of this study consisted of 201 persons who attended the Turkey Dance Festival and who were selected by the convenience sampling method. In this study, the theoretical principles of structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied with the Amos 20 program to analyze …


Health Sciences Faculty Satisfaction In Online Learning: A Relationship To Intent To Leave, Mark Dame, Fethi A. Inan Feb 2022

Health Sciences Faculty Satisfaction In Online Learning: A Relationship To Intent To Leave, Mark Dame, Fethi A. Inan

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Recruitment and retention of qualified health professionals in academia has continued to be a challenge as the field of healthcare continues to grow at a rapid pace. The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of online health sciences instructors and if those satisfaction factors influenced their intent to leave.

Method: A non-experimental survey design was utilized to gather the perceptions of online faculty satisfaction and related factors. A set of satisfaction and intent to leave surveys were answered by 83 online instructors in a higher education health sciences institution.

Results: The results of …


Incorporating Reflection Activities In Simulation To Prepare Nursing Students For Clinical Practice, Amy Curtis, Sarah Watts, Katilya Ware, Tiffani Chidume, Meghan Jones Feb 2022

Incorporating Reflection Activities In Simulation To Prepare Nursing Students For Clinical Practice, Amy Curtis, Sarah Watts, Katilya Ware, Tiffani Chidume, Meghan Jones

SoTL Commons Conference

Research indicates simulation is an effective approach to prepare nursing students for clinical practice. However, little is known about the impact of prebriefing on students’ experiences in simulation. This mixed methods study evaluated the impact of incorporating reflection activities during the prebriefing element of simulation on nursing students’ satisfaction in learning, confidence, and performance during the simulation. Findings noted that incorporating reflection during prebriefing improved students’ satisfaction in learning, confidence, and performance. This is significant to the profession, as it supports the incorporation of reflective activities during prebriefing in simulation to enhance student learning experiences.


Empirical Lecturers' And Students' Satisfaction Assessment In E-Learning Systems Based On The Usage Metrics, Sulis Sandiwarno Dec 2021

Empirical Lecturers' And Students' Satisfaction Assessment In E-Learning Systems Based On The Usage Metrics, Sulis Sandiwarno

REID (Research and Evaluation in Education)

Nowadays, in the pandemic of COVID-19, e-learning systems have been widely used to facilitate teaching and learning processes between lecturers and students. Assessing lecturers' and students' satisfaction with e-learning systems has become essential in improving the quality of education for higher learning institutions. Most existing approaches have attempted to assess users' satisfaction based on System Usability Scale (SUS). On the other hand, different studies proposed usage-based metrics (completion rate, task duration, and mouse or cursor distance) which assess users' satisfaction based on how they use and interact with the system. However, the cursor or mouse distance metric does not consider …


Australian General Practice Training Program: National Report On The 2021 National Registrar Survey, Rebecca Taylor, Leyna Clarke, Ali Radloff Nov 2021

Australian General Practice Training Program: National Report On The 2021 National Registrar Survey, Rebecca Taylor, Leyna Clarke, Ali Radloff

Higher education research

The Australian General Practice Training National Registrar Survey (AGPT NRS) is an annual, national survey of GP registrars currently training in the AGPT program. It collects information via an online questionnaire about registrar satisfaction, experience and future career plans. It also collects information about registrars’ demographics and training contexts and other aspects of their training experience. This survey is part of the Department of Health’s (the Department) monitoring and quality improvement activities. The information collected in the AGPT NRS can be used to assure the quality of training provision in the program, enables continuous improvement and allows responses to be …


Motivational Factors For Users Satisfaction With Library And Information Services In Federal University Library, Lokoja. Logo State., Fwenshimwa Yarima Oct 2021

Motivational Factors For Users Satisfaction With Library And Information Services In Federal University Library, Lokoja. Logo State., Fwenshimwa Yarima

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.


Obstacles To Cooperation Between The School And The Local Community / Field Study / Jerash Governorate, Mustafa Al Hawamdeh, Muhammad Jaradat, Kamel Atum Aug 2021

Obstacles To Cooperation Between The School And The Local Community / Field Study / Jerash Governorate, Mustafa Al Hawamdeh, Muhammad Jaradat, Kamel Atum

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

Obstacles of Collaboration between the School and The Local Community: A case Study from Jerash Governance This study aimed to identify the obstacles that prevent the effective cooperation between the schools in Jerash directorate and the local community, whether those obstacles are related to the school or to the local community. The instrument of the study consisted of two questionnaires. The first questionnaire includes (34) items showing the obstacles that are related to the school and it was administered to the members of the community. The second questionnaire includes (13) items of obstacles related to the local community and was …


Value Chain For A B School In India, Vimal C. Verma, Devashish D. Gupta Aug 2021

Value Chain For A B School In India, Vimal C. Verma, Devashish D. Gupta

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

Education has become the largest advertiser, according to estimates, with a large chunk of that money going toward enhancing the industry’s reputation. Due to the introduction of WTO rules, management education is becoming more competitive, and the Indian market is now open to foreign competitors as well, B schools in India are anticipating what would please their customers. The high number of applicants taking the CAT exam this year shows how popular management education is becoming. Students at B-schools and those aspiring to them are interviewed for this study, which aims to determine the value chain of an ideal B …


A Gap Analysis Of Satisfaction Among International Students Studying In The United States, Sandy C. Chen Aug 2021

A Gap Analysis Of Satisfaction Among International Students Studying In The United States, Sandy C. Chen

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

International students brought a broad range of benefits to the United States before the COVID-19 pandemic, from billions of dollars of tuition and fees directly paid to host universities to economic impacts on the country’s inbound tourism made by the students’ families. Nevertheless, the choice to study in the United States presented many challenges and problems for them. A survey of the existing literature showed that expectations of and perceptions toward their academic studies and professional development of these students, particularly those from mainland China, has been less explored. This paper was thus designed to fill this void by collecting …


Evaluating The Perspectives Of Those With Severe Physical Impairments While Learning Bci Control Of A Commercial Augmentative And Alternative Communication Paradigm, Kevin Pitt, Jonathan S. Brumberg Jul 2021

Evaluating The Perspectives Of Those With Severe Physical Impairments While Learning Bci Control Of A Commercial Augmentative And Alternative Communication Paradigm, Kevin Pitt, Jonathan S. Brumberg

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) techniques can provide access to communication for individuals with severe physical impairments. Brain–computer interface (BCI) access techniques may serve alongside existing AAC access methods to provide communication device control. However, there is limited information available about how individual perspectives change with motor-based BCI-AAC learning. Four individuals with ALS completed 12 BCI-AAC training sessions in which they made letter selections during an automatic row-column scanning pattern via a motor-based BCI-AAC. Recurring measures were taken before and after each BCI-AAC training session to evaluate changes associated with BCI-AAC performance, and included measures of fatigue, frustration, mental effort, …


Users’ Satisfaction On Sc/St Book Bank Scheme Through Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis, Kutty Kumar Dr, Kutty Kumar Dr Jun 2021

Users’ Satisfaction On Sc/St Book Bank Scheme Through Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis, Kutty Kumar Dr, Kutty Kumar Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) is used to predict an ordinal structured variable given one or more independent variables. In this study, OLR used to decide the level of satisfaction on SC/ST book bank scheme (ordinal independent variable), measured on a five-point Likert type scale from “completely dissatisfied-1 through completely satisfied-5, depending on the discernment of ‘life science’ and ‘engineering students belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC) or Tribe (ST)’. Model appropriateness depends on determining which explanatory variables considered for the model and selecting the link function (complementary log-log link function used in this study). Likewise, the model fitting perceptions, the accuracy …


The Acceptance Of Social Media Video For Knowledge Acquisition, Sharing And Application: A Comparative Study Among Youyube Users And Tiktok Users’ For Medical Purposes, Rana Al-Maroof, Kevin Ayoubi, Khadija Alhumaid, Ahmad Aburayya, Muhammad Alshurideh, Raghad Alfaisal, Said Salloum Jun 2021

The Acceptance Of Social Media Video For Knowledge Acquisition, Sharing And Application: A Comparative Study Among Youyube Users And Tiktok Users’ For Medical Purposes, Rana Al-Maroof, Kevin Ayoubi, Khadija Alhumaid, Ahmad Aburayya, Muhammad Alshurideh, Raghad Alfaisal, Said Salloum

All Works

YouTube and TikTok have gained increasing recognition as social network sites to support online knowledge acquisition, sharing, and application via social media platforms in the medical field. This study examines which aspect of TikTok and YouTube stimulates doctors, nurses, and any other YouTube and TikTok in the medical setting, to rely on them as sources of knowledge acquisition and sharing to keep their medical repertoire updated. A hybrid model is designed to investigate users’ acceptance of YouTube and TikTok as social media platforms. The model focuses on four main external factors: Content richness, innovativeness, satisfaction, and enjoyment. These factors are …


Using The Community Of Inquiry Framework To Examine Instructor Strategies For Emergency Remote Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Elizabeth A. Ebersole May 2021

Using The Community Of Inquiry Framework To Examine Instructor Strategies For Emergency Remote Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Elizabeth A. Ebersole

Education Dissertations

The pivot to emergency remote learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges for both students and instructors in the majority of higher education settings. Using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework and self-efficacy theory, this study examined the teaching practices of higher education instructors during emergency remote online learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic during Spring 2020. Regarding the three CoI presences, both students and instructors reported high teaching presence and high cognitive presence, as well as moderate social presence during emergency remote online learning. Correlations were found between student CoI scores and student satisfaction and perception …


The Perception Of First-Generation Community College Students With Regards To The Academic Impact Of Student Support Services: A Phenomenological Study, Rubinder Garcha May 2021

The Perception Of First-Generation Community College Students With Regards To The Academic Impact Of Student Support Services: A Phenomenological Study, Rubinder Garcha

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe the perceptions first-generation students (FGS) have of the academic impact of student support services (SSS) received while attending community college (CC) in the areas of student academic achievement, student engagement, student persistence, student satisfaction, and development of academic skills.

Methodology: The methodology used for this study was a phenomenological approach in which FGS’ perceptions about the academic impact of SSS while attending CC in the northern region of California were explored. The FGS who were interviewed for this study were consistently participating in the SSS. The study’s findings revealed the …