Education Commons^™

Clinical Teaching And Learning In The Covid-19 Era And Beyond: The Emergent And Emerging Scenarios, Shashikala K. Bhat, Veena Manja, Vinutha Shankar, Shashikiran Umakanth

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

The need for social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic has compromised traditional medical education. Educators and students in low-resource settings face diverse challenges in clinical teaching, learning, and assessment. The pandemic has necessitated a rapid transition from traditional pedagogical strategies to virtual platforms. Challenges in low resource settings include knowledge and training in technology, limited resource allocation for faculty development in virtual teaching methods, and financial constraints limiting the use of available technologies. There is also a lack of constructive alignment between outcomes, instructional strategies, and assessment of curriculum delivery in virtual platforms as the earlier curriculum design was …

Coping With Medical School: An Interpretive Phenomenological Study, Sebastian C K Shaw, John L. Anderson

The Qualitative Report

Anecdotal evidence suggested that hopelessness and helplessness (HH) were often reported by undergraduate medical students. It is known that medical students are more susceptible to high levels of stress and depression than other student groups. There is currently concern about suicide rates in students and high drop-out rates in junior doctors. But what can be said of HH within this population? This study was aimed at eliciting medical students’ experiences of HH. An interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted. Participants were recruited from a single medical school. Loosely structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out. Recordings were then transcribed verbatim, then underwent …

Medical Simulation As A Competency-Based Assessment Within Physician Assistant Education, Michele Toussaint

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Simulation-based practices are widely utilized in medical education and are known to be a safe and effective way to train and assess learners, improve provider confidence and competency, and improve patient safety. Competency-based initiatives are being more broadly utilized to assess learner proficiency in health professions education. Recent publication of competencies expected of new graduate physician assistants, and updated accreditation requirements which include assessment of learner competencies in non-knowledge based domains, have led to the creation of this simulation-based summative assessment of learner competency in communication and patient care skills for Physician Assistant students.

The purpose of this quantitative study …

Australian General Practice Training Program: National Report On The 2020 National Registrar Survey, Rebecca Taylor, Leyna Clarke, Ali Radloff

Higher education research

The Australian General Practice Training National Registrar Survey (AGPT NRS) is an annual, national survey of GP registrars currently training in the AGPT program. It collects information via an online questionnaire about registrar satisfaction, experience and future career plans. It also collects information about registrars’ demographics and training contexts and other aspects of their training experience. This survey is part of the Department of Health’s (the Department) monitoring and quality improvement activities. From October 12 to December 9, 2020, the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) administered the AGPT NRS to registrars enrolled in active training on the AGPT program …

Other People’S Families: How Social Ties Shape Entrance Into The Medical Profession, Lillian Sims

Theses and Dissertations--Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation

Not enough members of low-income, rural, and minoritized populations are successfully prepared for and recruited into medical school, exacerbating issues of unequal access to healthcare and limiting access to the profession. While a multitude of factors contribute to this problem, early social exposure to others in a field can act as a key contributor to career interest and a key advantage for entering the profession. Meanwhile, students without early social exposure to healthcare may take unconventional paths to medical school or may struggle to fit into the unique culture of medicine when they do enter training, especially if they belong …

Still Learning: Covid Through The Eyes Of A Medical Student, Alexis Strahan

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

As a first-year medical student when the COVID-19 pandemic found a foothold, I felt an overwhelming amount of emotions that accompanied the pandemic’s spread. Fear, although a reasonable choice, was not the first emotion that I experienced. In fact, it was a general feeling of paralysis. I had not six months prior taken an oath to commit my career and life to the service of the public’s health care needs, yet I could provide little more than the textbook knowledge of biochemistry or genetics from my first semester of learning. My hands felt unarmed and unskilled for the fight. What …

Developing An Instrument To Measure Student's Perception Of The Medical Education Curriculum From The Perspective Of Communities Of Practice Theory, Yoga Pamungkas Susani, Gandes Retno Rahayu, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Rossi Sanusi, Harsono Mardiwiyoto

REID (Research and Evaluation in Education)

The concept of participation as a learning process is essential to foster professional identity development. Faculties are expected to provide a curriculum that supports students' participation in the profession's context. Curriculum evaluation is needed to assess the extent to which curriculum implementation supports participation. In this regard, this study aims to develop instruments that measure students' perceptions of the medical education curriculum. The blueprint for the instrument's development was based on the concept of participation in communities of practice theory. Qualitative research, which involved 17 pre-clinical and clinical medical students as participants, was conducted to explore medical students' perception about …

Assessing Grit And Conscientiousness To Predict Medical Student Success On The National Usmle Step 2 Clinical Knowledge Exam, Jennifer C. Welch

Dissertations - ALL

In an effort to consider additional or alternative variables that predict medical school success and to better identify qualified and more diverse medical school candidates to serve their communities, this study investigated the impact of two noncognitive traits, conscientiousness and grit, on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) national examination. The assessment used to measure conscientiousness was Costa and McCrae’s (1992) NEO-FFI-3 and the assessment used to measure grit was Duckworth and Quinn’s (2009) Grit S scale. This study also examined the correlation of sociodemographic (gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic background, and first-generation college status) …

Personal Finance Skills Among Health Professionals: Piloting A Student-Led Finance Curriculum And A Review Of The Current Landscape, Jeremy Payne, Stephen Haller, Laura E. Flores, Jared Baxter, Walker Payton, Kari Nelson

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Introduction

Despite high costs of education, extended lengths of training, and rapidly increasing student debt, personal finance is an often-overlooked topic within professional school curricula. Due to the combination of high debt burden and poor financial literacy, professional students report low confidence and high stress regarding their personal finances. While some medical schools have begun to integrate financial education into their formal training, others provide little to no resources to combat this growing issue.

Methods

To address this gap and provide financial education opportunities, the Financial Development Club (FDC) was founded by students at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. …

A Systems Thinking Framework To Improve Care Of The Terminally Ill: An Australian Case Study, Elizabeth Summerfield

Patient Experience Journal

This paper argues the value of systems thinking to patients, family members and medical practitioners in end-of-life care, particularly as a mechanism for considering when palliative care should be introduced as preferred treatment. It applies a well-established set of tenets in systems thinking retrospectively to a case study of patient care in Australia. This highlights how and where different decisions might have been made, based on a holistic consideration of the patient’s best interests. The case is written from the perspective of a family caregiver. It argues that early, deliberate conversation, framed by systems thinking tenets, can support the call …

Missed Opportunities For Hpv Vaccination Discussion Among Medical Trainees, Jahnavi Sunkara, Emily Noonan, Laura Weingartner

Undergraduate Research Events

MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR HPV VACCINATION DISCUSSION AMONG MEDICAL TRAINEES

Jahnavi Sunkara, BA Candidate; Emily J Noonan, Ph.D., M.A; Laura A. Weingartner, Ph.D., M.S.Abstract

BACKGROUND

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and can cause serious health problems like genital warts and cancer. However, vaccination can prevent some of these issues. Although the CDC recommends that individuals between 9-26 years old should receive the HPV vaccine, catch-up vaccination until 45 years old is available upon further guidance from healthcare providers.

METHODS

Standardized patient (SP) encounters (n=28) were randomly sampled from 134 video recordings of …

A Curriculum Framework At Glsm, A Canadian Medical School, Jeff Bachiu

The Dissertation in Practice at Western University

Medical education has seen minor changes over the decades, but a dynamic movement towards competency-based medical education (CBME) has swept across the field in recent years. Organizing medical education curriculum to respond to these changes can be challenging due to many factors, in both content and context. The public rightly expects that graduating medical students be competent physicians, ready to deliver effective health care. This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) looks at a relatively new medical school’s lack of an outcomes-based curriculum framework. The Problem of Practice (PoP) is focused on the difficulty of moving the school toward the development of …

Building A Co-Curricular Wellness Program For Medical Students At A Canadian Medical School, Renea D. Leskie

The Dissertation in Practice at Western University

The increasing number of medical students who present with mental illness and burnout is becoming a very real challenge among medical schools nationally and globally, prompting a need for medical schools to address this very real problem. This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) seeks to help solve this problem by means of a co-curricular wellness program aimed at preventing mental illness and burnout from happening. Rather than being reactive as students self-identify as having a mental illness, this OIP argues for preventative measures that help to prevent mental illness and burnout from occurring at all.

Using a three-pronged leadership approach of …

A Career Eulogy Reflective Exercise: A View Into Early Professional Identity Formation, William Crump, R. Steve Fricker, Allison Crump-Rogers

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Beginning medical students have a very early idea of what their physician identity will be. Providing a brief structured opportunity to reflect on the end of their career can be an important first step in identity formation.

Methods

A reflective exercise was used in the summer prior to beginning medical school as each class of students at a regional rural medical school began a summer prematriculation program from 2015-2019. Students wrote what they wished to be said about them at the end of their career using a “Career Eulogy.” Identifiers were removed and narratives were coded into recurring text …

How Do Health Systems Approach Patient Experience? Development Of An Innovative Elective Curriculum For Medical Students, Jordan Silberg Md, Michael Bennick Md, Ma, Agaf, Facp, Cpxp, Kelly Caverzagie Md, Facp, Fhm, Sarah Richards Md, Facp

Patient Experience Journal

Medical students currently learn about patient-centered care and practice communication skills via a variety of curricula. However, there is little in the published literature describing a standardized approach for training future physicians how health systems approach and work to improve patient experience. The [Anonymous1 and Anonymous2] Schools of Medicine designed a plan to pilot a two-week elective for medical students in their clinical years. The curriculum is designed to help students understand and appreciate the key elements of the patient experience across the continuum of care and prepare students to impact the patient experience either as a practicing physician and/or …

First Aid First: Implementation And Evaluation Of A Community-Based First Aid Training Course, Luke Wesemann

Medical Student Research Symposium

In 2018, medical students at Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) created a first aid training initiative called First Aid First (FAF). FAF is a comprehensive community-based training program that teaches lifesaving skills tailored for Detroit. The objective of this initiative was to improve the confidence and basic first aid skills of those who attend trainings.

Pre- and post-test surveys were used to measure knowledge, confidence and skill level. The survey data gathered from March 2018-October 2019 consisted of 5 Likert scale questions for self-evaluation component and 23-25 multiple choice questions, number depending on time of administration due to …

A Shift In Reality: Virtual And Augmented Systems In Higher And Medical Education, Brian Meyer

Current Issues in Emerging eLearning

Virtual and augmented technologies provide a seamless solution for merging traditional, theoretical learning with practical application in context. Unlike traditional teaching pedagogies, in which lessons are restricted in terms of the use of additional apparatus, pedagogies that involve the use of virtual and augmented reality technologies enable educators to build upon taught concepts to demonstrate the application of those concepts in practice, and allow educators to generate multiple atypical scenarios in order to build competence in practical fields of endeavour. In medical education, virtual and augmented reality tools provide an especially important opportunity for preparation before treating patients in actual …

The Clicker Study, Alex Brady, Daniel Mirsch, Do, Xiao C. Zhang, Md, Ms, Rishi Kalwani, Md, Phd, Zachary Risler, Md, Mph, Mark Magee, Md, Kelly Goodsell, Md, Resa E. Lewiss, Md, Arthur Au, Md, Dimitrios Papanagnou, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: A recent study in orthopedics showed that clicker-based learning was more effective than traditional feedback when teaching procedures. We sought to determine whether this principle is applicable to ultrasound skills.

Methods: Our prospective randomized control trial used a population of new ultrasound learners. Exclusion criteria included previous ultrasound experience of more than one hour. Students were shown an instructional video on the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam and randomized to receive clicker or scripted feedback. Each student performed the FAST exam once without feedback, then with either scripted or clicker-based feedback. They were timed and scored …

Developing An Online Critical Care Electroencephalography Curriculum For Epilepsy And Neurophysiology Fellows, Brooke Hancock, Anne Woehling, Nathanael Lee, Md, Connie Tang, Md, Allyson Pickard, Md, Andres Fernandez, Md

Phase 1

Purpose: This project aims to create an Electroencephalography (EEG) curriculum that synthesizes the teachings of current publications and faculty expertise within a single digital platform. The goal is to remedy the unmet need for a centralized resource for learners to use when learning EEG interpretation.

Methods: The target learner population is epilepsy and neurophysiology fellows. The platform will be accessible from any computer, tablet, or phone, allowing for mobile, self-paced learning to take place. To date, the curriculum outline has been designed with extensive literature review and collaboration from other institutions, and two pilot modules have been completed using the …

Assessment Of Faculty Acceptance Of, Behavioral Intention To Use, And Actual Usage Behavior Of Technology In Inquiry-Based Learning In Medical Education: Using The Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology, Max Carl Anderson

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is an umbrella term used in this quantitative study to describe three different, yet related teaching methodologies: case-based learning (CBL), problem-based learning (PBL), and team-based learning (TBL). Each of these IBL activities involves a problem or situation for students in teams to find solutions. The problems to be solved have the most impact for students when they are connected to a real-life situation. While none of the three methodologies require the use of educational technology to be successfully implemented, there are situations where it could augment or improve content delivery. In medical education, situational problems for students …

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Factors On Food Insecurity Among Syrian Refugees In Florida, Racha Sankar

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Syrian refugees settled in the United States may experience food insecurity due to different socioeconomic factors that may include nutrition knowledge, language proficiency, women’s education, and perceived stress. The structure and the type of households may also contribute to food insecurity in this population.

The objective of this study was to measure food security among Syrian refugees residing in Florida. It also aimed to determine the socioeconomic factors that may attribute to food insecurity at household level.

A comprehensive 228-item questionnaire was administered to N=80 households (n=43 in rural areas, n=37 in urban areas). Families with and without children were …

Incorporating Home Visits In A Primary Care Residency Clinic: The Patient And Physician Experience, Mary Caitlin St. Clair, Jessica J. F. Kram, Glenda Sundberg

Aurora Family Medicine Residents

Purpose: Home visits, once a popular but now uncommon form of health care delivery, are on the rise. Few studies have focused on the value the experience brings to resident physicians and their patients.

Methods: A 6-month pilot was conducted with 11 residents who participated in 32 home visits with 11 patients. Patient and resident experiences were captured through a survey following the home visits.

Results: In all, 100% of patients and a majority of residents were very interested in being a part of and incorporating future home visits, respectively. Every patient in the survey said that the visits resulted …

Incorporating Home Visits In A Primary Care Residency Clinic: The Patient And Physician Experience, Mary Caitlin St. Clair, Jessica J. F. Kram, Glenda Sundberg

Glenda Sundberg, FNP-CS, APNP

Purpose: Home visits, once a popular but now uncommon form of health care delivery, are on the rise. Few studies have focused on the value the experience brings to resident physicians and their patients.

Methods: A 6-month pilot was conducted with 11 residents who participated in 32 home visits with 11 patients. Patient and resident experiences were captured through a survey following the home visits.

Results: In all, 100% of patients and a majority of residents were very interested in being a part of and incorporating future home visits, respectively. Every patient in the survey said that the visits resulted …

Incorporating Home Visits In A Primary Care Residency Clinic: The Patient And Physician Experience, Mary Caitlin St. Clair, Jessica J. F. Kram, Glenda Sundberg

Jessica Kram, MPH

Purpose: Home visits, once a popular but now uncommon form of health care delivery, are on the rise. Few studies have focused on the value the experience brings to resident physicians and their patients.

Methods: A 6-month pilot was conducted with 11 residents who participated in 32 home visits with 11 patients. Patient and resident experiences were captured through a survey following the home visits.

Results: In all, 100% of patients and a majority of residents were very interested in being a part of and incorporating future home visits, respectively. Every patient in the survey said that the visits resulted …

Assessment In The Interpersonal Domain: Experiences From Empathy Assessment In Medical Education, Neville Chiavaroli

2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences

Frameworks for the teaching and assessment of 21st-century skills commonly recognise the importance of learning and skill development in the interpersonal domain. They also usually acknowledge the challenge of reliably and validly assessing students in this domain. In the field of medical education and in selecting students for medical courses, the concept of empathy has become central to representing the particular interpersonal understandings and skills expected of students and practising doctors. Attempts to assess these attributes during medical training are just as challenging as in school contexts. This presentation draws on several years’ experience of working with medical educators to …

Assessment In The Interpersonal Domain: Experiences From Empathy Assessment In Medical Education, Neville Chiavaroli

Neville Chiavaroli

Frameworks for the teaching and assessment of 21st-century skills commonly recognise the importance of learning and skill development in the interpersonal domain. They also usually acknowledge the challenge of reliably and validly assessing students in this domain. In the field of medical education and in selecting students for medical courses, the concept of empathy has become central to representing the particular interpersonal understandings and skills expected of students and practising doctors. Attempts to assess these attributes during medical training are just as challenging as in school contexts. This presentation draws on several years’ experience of working with medical educators to …

Pass/Fail Grading In Medical School And Impact On Residency Placement, Brittany Ange, Juliann Sergi Mcbrayer, Daniel W. Calhoun, Antonio P. Gutierrez De Blume, Paul Wallach, Elena Wood

Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development Faculty Publications

Objective: There is a trend toward using pass/fail (P/F) grading in the first 2 years of medical school as it has been noted to improve student well-being and academic performance is not negatively impacted. It is important that medical students are afforded the best medical education possible to prepare them for residency placement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of P/F grading in medical school on residency placement. Methods: This study compared archival residency match data from two medical school classes. The Class of 2016 had tiered grading and the Class of 2017 had P/F …

Incorporating Home Visits In A Primary Care Residency Clinic: The Patient And Physician Experience, Mary Caitlin St. Clair, Jessica J. F. Kram, Glenda Sundberg

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Home visits, once a popular but now uncommon form of health care delivery, are on the rise. Few studies have focused on the value the experience brings to resident physicians and their patients.

Methods: A 6-month pilot was conducted with 11 residents who participated in 32 home visits with 11 patients. Patient and resident experiences were captured through a survey following the home visits.

Results: In all, 100% of patients and a majority of residents were very interested in being a part of and incorporating future home visits, respectively. Every patient in the survey said that the visits resulted …

Creation And Implementation Of A Flipped Jigsaw Activity To Stimulate Interest In Biochemistry Among Medical Students, Charlene Williams, Susan Perlis, John Gaughan, Sangita Phadtare

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Learner-centered pedagogical methods that are based on clinical application of basic science concepts through active learning and problem solving are shown to be effective for improving knowledge retention. As the clinical relevance of biochemistry is not always apparent to health-profession students, effective teaching of medical biochemistry should highlight the implications of biochemical concepts in pathology, minimize memorization, and make the concepts memorable for long-term retention.

Here, we report the creation and successful implementation of a flipped jigsaw activity that was developed to stimulate interest in learning biochemistry among medical students. The activity combined the elements of a flipped classroom for …

Beyond Right Or Wrong: The Influences Of Thinking Disposition And Item Difficulty On Student Behavior During High-Stakes Testing, Kristina Lindquist

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

A hallmark of clinician decision making is the ability to know when to make quick decisions and when decision making should be slowed to account for complicating factors. Throughout the physician training process, multiple choice test items are used to assess student knowledge however, these items do not assess the process used by a student to arrive at the answer choice. If an important characteristic of decisions in clinical practice is timing, then decision timing could be an important consideration for medical school assessments. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate factors that may affect the amount of …