Education Commons^™

G87-848 Control And Eradication Of Pseudorabies In Swine, Alex Hogg, George W. Beran

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses various plans to control and eradicate an increasingly important disease of swine--Pseudorabies.

Introduction and History

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease) is an acute, frequently fatal disease affecting most species of domestic and wild animals. The disease is caused by a virus of the Herpesvirus group, and is characterized by a variety of clinical signs--those involving the nervous and respiratory systems being particularly prominent. Pseudorabies is a persistent cause of loss in both cattle and sheep in many countries throughout the world.

Pseudorabies is an increasingly important disease of swine in the U.S. This increase in importance has paralleled the …

Ec86-113 A Guide For Planning And Analyzing A Year-Round Forage Program, Steven S. Waller, Lowell E. Moser, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Efficient grazing management programs cannot succeed without proper stocing rates. However, proper stocking rate alone will not insure a successful grazing program. Successful grazing management only occurs when all factors affecting production are manipulated properly: season of use; kind, class, and/or combination of animals; grazing distribution; grazing program; fertilization; pest control; and water management as well as stocking rate. The following suggestions in this circular are a guide to initial planning of new pastures and the modification of existing grazing programs.

G86-775 Prussic Acid Poisoning, Norman Shcneider, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Prussic acid poisoning and its treatment are discussed in this NebGuide, along with methods to reduce its occurrence.

Sudangrass, forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are often used for summer pasture, green chop, hay, or silage. Under certain conditions, livestock consuming these feedstuffs may be poisoned by prussic acid (HCN).

Exposure to excessive prussic acid--also called hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, or cyanide--can be fatal. However, producers can manage and feed their livestock to avoid problems with prussic acid.

G84-738 Management To Minimize Hay Waste, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses harvest factors that affect hay yield and quality as well as ways to reduce losses during harvest, storage, and feeding.

Hay is harvested, stored, and fed under a wide variety of conditions that influence both its yield and feed value. High quality hay is needed by animals that require high nutrient concentrations to reach desired levels of production. These include dairy cows, finishing beef cattle, fattening lambs, and race horses. Excellent hay management is required to produce the hay needed by these livestock. High quality hay is also used as a supplement to lower quality forages, such …

G84-724 Delivering Slaughter Hogs On A Live Hog Futures Contract, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to estimate when it might be profitable to deliver on a hog futures contract and outlines delivery costs and procedures.

Although most hedgers do not actually make delivery on a live hog futures contract, it is the threat of delivery that makes hedging an effective market risk reduction technique. Normally, to fulfill the futures obligation, a producer buys an offsetting futures contract rather than making delivery.

Actual delivery on a futures contract should occur only when the basis during contract maturity is wider than anticipated -- and greater than the delivery costs.

G85-710 Livestock Market Terms, Part Iii, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The third in a series of three, this NebGuide discusses livestock grading terms for both live animals and carcasses.

Livestock producers and feeders, and others involved with agriculture are exposed daily to market news articles and broadcasts.

Most people understand the terms used in the market news broadcasts and stories. Complete definitions of terms in the livestock marketing area are provided to eliminate any misunderstanding of a market news broadcast or article.

G84-717 Fleas And Their Management (Revised January 1993), Shripat T. Kamble, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides information on flea biology and how to solve flea problems.

Fleas are among the most annoying pests known to humans. In ancient times, fleas were even indicted, found guilty and sentenced to condemnation. Today, the verdict remains the same.

In Nebraska, fleas are common household pests attacking dogs, cats and sometimes people. In addition to these, several other flea species occur in Nebraska, feeding principally on rodents and occasionally on poultry and livestock. The information provided in this publication will focus primarily on cat and dog fleas, as they are the most commonly encountered species.

G83-665 Hemp Dogbane, John D. Furrer, Alex R. Martin, Fred W. Roeth

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes hemp dogbane, including how it spreads, and provides recommendations for cultural and chemical control. Hemp dogbane is a perennial broadleaf weed native to North America. In Nebraska it is most prevalent in the eastern and central areas, but is occasionally found throughout the state.

G83-683 Quality Concrete For Swine Facilities, David P. Shelton, Gerald R. Bodman, Thomas A. Silletto

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the major items to consider when using concrete for swine facilities to help assure that quality concrete is obtained.

Concrete is widely used to construct swine production facilities. Versatility, durability, and relatively low cost are characteristics that make it ideally suited for floors, walls, foundations, pen dividers, and manure storage structures. With appropriate design, concrete can even be used for the building roof and feeders. There are, however, certain major items to consider to help assure quality concrete and years of reliable service regardless of the specific use.

G82-590 Feeder Cattle Grades, Keith E. Gilster, H. Dwight Loveday

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the ten USDA feeder cattle grades.

The purpose of the USDA Feeder Cattle Grades is to sort feeder cattle into similar groups that will facilitate their selling and buying. These grades can also be used for sorting feeder cattle into similar outcome groups in a feedlot. Differences in frame size and muscle thickness score are the basis for the USDA Feeder Cattle Grades.

Feeder cattle are given a grade score that is coded for both frame size (large, medium and small) and thickness (1, 2 and 3). For example, a large frame, thick feeder steer would have …

Ec82-1738 Tree Planting Guide, William R. Lovett, Bruce E. Bolander

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Site Preparation

Proper site preparation is essential to your tree planting operation, and varies with the different climates and soil types.

Chemical Control: On sandy soils, rough terrain, or other highly erodible sites, tillage is not recommended. Chemical weed and/or grass killers may be applied to the site in the fall or before planting in the spring.

Summer Fallow: This practice is recommended on heavy soil in western Nebraska to conserve soil moisture. This may be accomplished with the aid of occasional disking, subsurface tillage, or chemicals to control weeds.

Fall Tillage: In the eastern areas of the state fall …

G82-621 Sources Of Livestock And Poultry Market Information (Revised July 1994), Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides a list of various market information sources, each followed by a brief summary of issue schedules and contents.

It provides a listing of widely used and readily available market information sources that contain information which may be useful to agricultural producers, lenders and agribusiness firms when making livestock and poultry marketing decisions. Most of the available market information and statistical data comes from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Many now require an annual subscription fee.

G81-581 Cross Fences For Pastures Under Center Pivot Irrigation, James T. Nichols

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses different types of fences for center pivot irrigated pastures.

Irrigated pastures produce more forage and maintain stands longer under a "graze-rest" system of use. When grazing is practiced season-long, cross fences are necessary to control 1) when and for how long grazing is permitted on a particular pasture, and 2) the degree of desired use. These controls are not possible without cross fences, and sound grazing management becomes difficult.

G81-574 Reproductive Diseases In Cattle, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The reproductive diseases mentioned in this NebGuide comprise some of the more common problems confronting the cattle industry today.

Although many advances have been made in controlling reproductive diseases in cattle, serious losses are still common. These losses can be reduced by recognizing the diseases and following the proper management recommendations that are available today. Nearly 50 percent of reproductive failure in cattle is due to infectious diseases, and there are vaccines available that can prevent some of these. Management recommendations may include: 1) vaccines, 2) general sanitation, 3) artificial insemination (AI) or, if a problem is already present, 4) …

G79-433 Rearing Lambs On Milk Replacers, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Rearing orphan lambs on milk replacers can help increase profit.

Orphan lambs can be an extra profit to the farm flock. As much as $40/lamb can be paid to labor if time is available. A warm room (in the winter) and some basic equipment are all that are necessary.

A large portion of the nation's lamb crop dies from starvation during the first week after birth. Orphan lambs less than 4 weeks of age usually require the use of milk replacer supplementation. Switching lambs to milk replacers shortly after birth has not reached its full potential in sheep husbandry.

G79-432 Creep Feeding Lambs, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses creep feeding for lambs, making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs.

Creep feeding is a management practice of making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs. Creep feeding is desirable because: (1) lambs gain as much as a third to half a pound per day more when their milk diet is supplemented with grain, (2) the lambs are ready for market 1 to 2 months earlier, thus earlier marketing is adapted to a higher market for spring lambs, and (3) the lambs are not allowed to go to spring pasture, thus permitting more ewes on the …

G79-453 Sheep Space Allotments, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide helps sheep producers plan for optimum spacing requirements for different classes of sheep.

Many sheep producers are converting old farmstead buildings to livestock facilities, or are interested in building new units for sheep. A producer planning his sheep facilities needs to know the optimum spacing required for different classes of sheep. This NebGuide is designed to help make these decisions.

G79-476 Composition Of Feeds In Relation To Cattle Nutrition, Paul Q. Guyer, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide examines the major nutritional components of cattle feed. Plants serve as the major source of feed for livestock. Nutrients required for maintenance and production are provided by various plants and plant derived feeds along with small amounts from non-plant sources. The major constituents of plants are water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. Both plants and animals contain these nutrients, but the relative proportions vary more in plants.

G79-467 Livestock Water Quality, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The purpose of this report is to discuss what is involved in livestock water quality and how one goes about getting an analysis that will help in determining this quality, and to assist in the interpretation of such an analysis.

A successful livestock enterprise requires a good water supply, both in terms of quantity and quality. While shortage is obvious to the stockowner, he sometimes needs the help of a laboratory in evaluating the quality of a supply. The purpose of this report is to discuss what is involved in livestock water quality and how one goes about getting an …

G78-396 Making Quality Corn And Sorghum Silage (Revised December 1986), Paul G. Guyer, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Harvesting corn and sorghum forage as silage is popular because it adapts to complete mechanization of forage production, harvesting, and feeding. It fits operations where capital can profitably replace labor. If you are going to harvest corn and sorghum forage as silage you need to make quality silage. Here's how.

G78-409 Cattle Grub Control In Nebraska (Revised November 1989), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The control of cattle grubs is discussed here, as are possible insecticide reactions, warnings and restrictions.

Cattle grubs are the immature or larval stages of heel or warble flies. Losses from this insect begin with the fly stage in the insect's life history. As flies seek animals on which to deposit eggs, cattle become frightened and run. The running animal has its tail in the air, bent over the back. This behavior is termed "gadding."

Cattle fail to graze normally during the warble fly season because of gadding. They seek shade or stand in water to avoid the flies. The …

G78-391 Controlling Poultry Insects, Robert E. Roselle, Earl W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains information on the control of poultry insects. Poultry Lice Poultry lice are small, wingless insects with chewing mouthparts. The most common in Nebraska are brown chicken lice and chicken body lice. Less important are large chicken lice, shaft lice, chicken head lice, fluff lice, and several other species which are rarely present. Poultry Mites Several kinds of mites attack poultry. The most common are chicken mites and northern fowl mites. Occasionally scaley-leg mites are a problem.

G78-412 Guide For Controlling Insects On Pets (Revised December 1989), John B. Campbell, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide is restricted to the most common insect pests of cats, dogs, rabbits, birds, guinea pigs, and gerbils.

Pets, like all animals, are subject to attack by certain insects. Sanitation around the area where pets are kept, cleanliness of the pets, good care and nutrition all help reduce the chance of a serious problem.

G77-331 Sampling Feeds For Analyses, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sampling is the key to accurate feed analyses and properly balancing livestock rations. Here's how to do it.

Accurate feed analyses are needed to balance livestock rations, correctly price hay, formulate least cost supplements, and efficiently allocate homegrown feeds to the proper class of livestock. Sampling is the most important factor affecting accuracy of feed analyses.

The feed value of most forages varies. Therefore, test forages routinely to determine their best and most economical use. With adequate forage testing, you can develop an accurate forage inventory which allows you to efficiently allocate higher quality forage to high-producing livestock and poorer …

G77-371 Nebraska Livestock Market Outlets, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

These are 629 outlets in Nebraska where one or more species of livestock may be sold. This does not include special sales by breed associations and livestock shows.

This NebGuides discusses the major types of livestock market outlets which are: terminal markets, local markets, auctions, dealers and/or order buyers and slaughter plants.

G77-374 Seasonal Prices For Meat Animals, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seasonal variations in livestock prices seem to follow a similar pattern from year to year. For some classes of livestock, these seasonal swings in prices have been quite consistent for a number of years; while others have changed considerably over time.

Seasonal price fluctuations result mostly from seasonal supply changes or variations in marketings. For any given year a cyclical change in price may override the season pattern. Seasonal price changes during the 1972-76 period also were influenced by a price freeze, as well as changes in supply and demand.

Seasonal price changes are important factors to consider in planning …

G77-355 A Guide For The Control Of Flies In Nebraska Feedlots And Dairies (Revised March 1990), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Flies, especially stable and house flies, can create serious and costly problems for feedlot and dairy operations. This publication describes several methods for control.

Several species of flies may be in confined livestock facilities during summer. The stable and house fly are the most serious pests. Blow flies also may be present if molasses is in the diet. Horn flies--small blood-feeding flies--may be present in early spring. These flies overwinter as pupae in or near manure pats in range or pasture. If cattle are not present in the grassland when horn flies emerge, they will migrate to confinement cattle. Normally, …

G77-358 Artesian (Confinsed) Aquifers And Effect Of Pumping, Darryll T. Pederson, Deon D. Axthelm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells.

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells. Drought and irrigation well development have been major factors. Water level declines have been especially pronounced during the pumping season in places where the aquifer is artesian or confined (a confined aquifer is also referred to as an artesian aquifer). Many domestic and livestock pumps may have to be set deeper in order to yield water. In nearly all cases water levels recover rapidly when the pumping season ends. Large water-level fluctuations are normal …

G76-325 Sweet Clover Poisoning, I,A. Schipper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sweet clover poisoning is a problem of varying frequency and intensity in livestock wherever sweet clover grows. The toxic compound produced in sweet clover prevents normal blood clotting resulting in hemorrhages and associated symptoms.

This publication covers which animals are most susceptible, the cause, prevention, management, and treatment of sweet clover poisoning.

G76-315 Establishing Black Walnut, Rick Hamilton, Neal E. Jennings

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains information on establishing a black walnut plantation.

Based on current market conditions, $20,000 to $30,000 worth of black walnut timber can be harvested from a managed acre within 50 years. The total cost of establishing an acre rarely exceeds $100, including site preparation, cost of seedlings, planting, and weed control. The decision to invest in a walnut plantation can be based on:

1. The rate of return on $100 per acre invested is 11.3 percent to 11.9 percent, yielding $20,000 to $30,000 within 50 years. The same investment at 6 percent interest would yield $1,842 at the …