Education Commons^™

Integrating Language Arts And Social Studies Through The Use Of Literature, Janet L. Smith

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Title And Contents- The Computer And The Decision-Making Process, Jane Close Conoley, Terry B. Gutkin, Steven L. Wise

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

The Computer And The Decision-Making Process

Contents

Preface ix

1. Computer-Assisted Personality Test Interpretation: The Dawn of Discovery
Douglas N. Jackson

Some Preconditions for Valid Computer- Assisted Test Interpretation 1
The Dawn of Discovery 6
References 9

2. Psychodiagnostic Computing: From Interpretive Programs to Expert Systems 11
Marley W Watkins and Paul A. McDermott

Development of Administration and Interpretation Programs 11
Novel Administration and Interpretation Programs 14
Computerized Interpretation Systems 16
A Psychoeducational Diagnostic Model 19
A Computerized Psychoeducational Diagnostic System 23
Summary 36
References 37

3. Assessment of Validity in Computer-Based Test Interpretations
Kevin L. Moreland

Some History 44 …

Preface, Jane Close Conoley

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

This volume in the Buros-Nebraska Series on Testing and Measurement provides state-of-the-art contributions concerning the interface between computer technology and traditional psychometrics. The volume title, Computers and the Decision-Making Process, describes both reality and potential in a field that provides a dizzying array of promises and problems to be pursued and be solved.

This volume like the previous ones in our series reflects papers given at the annual Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Testing and Measurement and those especially commissioned for the book. Each of the contributors has a special expertise to examine the complex issues raised by the addition of …

1. Computer-Assisted Personal Ity Test Interpretation: The Dawn Of Discovery, Douglas N. Jackson

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

My aim in this chapter is to outline some of the substantive and psychometric bases on which we can build a science of assessment that takes advantage of the enormous potential inherent in the digital computer and in artificial intelligence. Some of these foundations are within the traditions of classical assessment. But others represent urgently needed areas of explication and research.

It is my view, in the tradition of Cronbach (1954), that developers of computer software for testing should listen to what psychometricians say, and, as well, psychometricians should be sensitive to new research ideas waiting to be solved that …

2. Psychodiagnostic Computing: From Interpretive Programs To Expert Systems, Marley W. Watkins, Paul A. Mcdermott

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

As amply demonstrated by the chapters in this volume, computer applications have pervaded all aspects of psychological practice. Although thought by some to be relatively new (Nolen & Spencer, 1986), semiautomatic scoring of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was accomplished more than 50 years ago (Campbell, 1968) and systems of computer-based test interpretation have been operational for 25 years (Fowler, 1985).

DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATION AND INTERPRETATION PROGRAMS

Early automated programs typically focused upon the scoring or interpretation of a single psychological test. Most frequently, that test was the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Fowler, 1985) but the Rorschach was interpreted as …

3. Assessment Of Val Id Ity In Computer-Based Test Interpretations, Kevin L. Moreland

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

The use of computers to interpret psychological tests is a "hot" topic, both within psychology and without. It is hot in the sense of giving rise to an increasing number of books and articles (e.g., Butcher, 1985, 1987; Eyde, 1987; Krug, 1987). It is hot in the sense of giving rise to an ever-increasing number of business enterprises (compare any recent APA Monitor with an issue from 1981). It is hot in the sense of capturing the attention of the news media (e.g., Petterson, 1983). And it is hot in the sense of giving rise to increasing controversy within psychology …

4. The Validity Of Computerbased Test Interpretations Of The Mmpi, Lorraine D. Eyde, Dennis M. Kowal, Francis J. Fishburne Jr.

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

With advances in computer technology, computer-based test interpretations (CBTI), first developed in the early 1960s (Fowler, 1985), have proliferated (Eyde & Kowal, 1987). CBTIs have been developed and marketed for a variety of tests used in clinical, counseling, educational, and employment settings. The largest number of commercial CBTI systems are available for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Krug, 1987), the most widely used inventory of its kind in the world, which has a continuously growing literature of more than 8,000 books and articles (Holden, 1986; Lanyon, 1984).

According to Harris:
CBTI refers to the automation of a set of …

5. Use Of Computer Technology In Behavioral Assessments, Thomas R. Kratochwill, Elizabeth J. Doll, W. Patrick Dickson

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

Major developments in the behavioral assessment field have occurred over the past decade (e.g., Barlow, 1981 ; Ciminero, Calhoun, & Adams , 1986; Haynes & Wilson, 1979; Mash & Terdal, 1988a). The use of computer technology by behavioral assessors has occurred, but this is a relatively recent development (Kratochwill, Doll, & Dickson, 1986; Romanczyk, 1986). Consider, for example, that behavioral assessment texts include little discussion of computer applications and many articles restrict discussion of behavioral assessment to observational measures (see Cone & Hawkins, 1977, for an exception). In psychology and education, issues of journals have been devoted to computer applications …

6. The Use Of The Computer In The Practice Of Industrial/ Organizational Psychology, Lyle F. Schoenfeldt, Jorge L. Mendoza

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

The rapid proliferation of computer technology, in the form of mainframe computers, networks of interconnected machines, and stand-alone personal computers, is having a profound effect on many areas of life. As a result of the spread of computer equipment to offices, homes, and educational institutions; the variety of software applications has grown at an unprecedented rate. With this as background, it should be no surprise that computers have assumed an increasing role in professional practice, including applications in providing services in the area of industrial and organizational psychology.

Industrial-organizational psychologists function in a variety of settings, but primarily provide human …

8. Issues In Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction: Eval Uation And Measurement, Harold F. O'Neil Jr., Eva L. Baker

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

In this chapter we plan to explore two issues in the field of intelligent computer assisted instruction (ICAI) that we feel offer opportunities to advance the state of the art. These issues are evaluation of ICAI systems and the use of the underlying technology in ICAI systems to develop tests. For each issue we will provide a theoretical context, discuss key constructs, provide a brief window to the appropriate literature, suggest methodological solutions and conclude with a concrete example of the feasibility of the solution from our own research.

INTELLIGENT COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (ICAI)

ICAI is the application of artificial intelligence …

Author Index

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

Author Index (10 pages)

A-Z

A

Acker, N. E., 130, 154
Adair, F. L., 51, 52, 57,68,87,89, 114
Adams, H. E., 125, 151
Adams, K. M., 13,37,51,59, 68
Agras, W. S., 136, 137, 151
Alessi, S. M., 209, 221
Algozzine, B., 19,37
Aikin, M. C., 204, 219, 221
Allen, B. A. , 12,41
Allred, L. J., 249, 253
Allusisi, E. A., 156, 174
Alpert, D., 149, 150
Altman, H., 49, 71
Anastasi, A., 77, 114
Andl, R., 129, 151, 239, 242
Anderson, B. N., 52, 68
Anderson, C. L., 201, 224
Anderson, R. J., 201, 221
Anderson, T., 126, 142, …

10. Guidelines For Computer Testing, Bert F. Green

The Computer and the Decision-Making Process

Testing by computer is big business. Many companies are offering software enabling a psychologist to test a client by seating him or her at a computer terminal and pressing Return. The software presents the instructions on the screen, guides the test taker through some sample items to see if the instructions are understood, and then presents the test, automatically recording the responses. After one or more tests have been completed, the equipment scores the responses, and delivers test scores. But it doesn't stop there. It then continues by printing out a complete test interpretation in fairly well-constructed narrative prose. The …

An Analysis Of Social Studies In The Public Elementary School: A Consideration For Motivation, Heidi R. Smith

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Rationale And Implementation Strategies For Interdisciplinary Instruction In The 6th Grade Social Science Curriculum For California Public Schools, Carol Bunnell Allred

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Challenge: Effective Learning Through Whole Language, Literature, Thematic Units And The Social Science Framework For Third Grade, Gladys M. Wilcox

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of The Use Of A Color Code In Graphic Presentation And Assessment On The Reader's Immediate Recall And Delayed Retention, Peggy Ann Posekany Pruisner

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The study investigated the effects of the use of a color code in graphic presentation and assessment of verbal material on the reader's immediate recall and delayed retention. Nine seventh-grade classes, containing a total of 132 students, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (a) color-coded graphic presentation with a color-coded graphic assessment, (b) color-coded graphic presentation with a black/white graphic assessment, (c) black-white graphic presentation with a color-coded graphic assessment, and (d) black/white graphic presentation with a black/white graphic assessment. The research design was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial; the independent variables were the graphic …

School Ka Sabaq: Literacy In A Girls Primary School In Rural Pakistan, Iffat Farah

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

This paper (which is part of a larger ethnographic study) describes literacy learning practices in the context of a girls' school in rural Pakistan. In this context, school ka sabaq is recognized as involving reading and writing activities, and behavior particular to the institution of the school. A description of the reading and writing activities as well as the division of time and space in the school shows that literacy activities are reflected in and determined by the context of the particular institution within which they are learned and practiced. The author also describes school-community relations and the community's goals …

Exploring The Incidence And Predictability Problem Of Dyscalculia In A School-Based Urban Population In A Rural State, Andrew Robert Smith

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Dyscalculia denotes a type of learning disability in the area of mathematics. Dyslexia denotes a type of learning disability in the area of reading. A large number of students with a learning disability only in mathematics may not be receiving the necessary special services because of a dependence on reading as the main criterion for referral for services. Rosenberger (cited in Rubin, 1990) was quoted as saying that as much as 10% of the population might have dyscalculia. Limited research exists in the area of dyscalculia in terms of causality, incidence figures, and identification procedures. In this. study dyscalculic is …

Exploring The Incidence And Predictability Problem Of Dyscalculia In A School-Based, Rural Population In A Rural State, Karen Kimberley Annis

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The term learning disability denotes the inability to learn in keeping with one's potential when presented with the usual curriculum. Dyscalculia is learning disability manifested in the area of mathematics curriculum. Limited research exists in the area of dyscalculia in terms of both incidence and identification procedures. However, a fairly large number of school-aged children show deficits in this area. Despite the necessity for knowledge of mathematics, little emphasis is placed on the identification and remediation of mathematical learning disabilities. A prominent neurologist (Rosenberger, 1989) has hypothesized recently that as much as 10% of the population of school-aged children in …

A Study Of Qualitative Miscue Analysis Scoring Systems For Identification Of Instructional Reading Levels, Sylvia Estelle Dean

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the accuracy and practicality of May's Poor Reader (PR) scoring system for the informal reading inventory (IRI), an individual assessment device designed to determine a student's instructional reading level. The PR is a qualitative scoring system developed by Frank May that examines only two miscues (defaults and meaning-denigrating substitutions) in arriving at an estimate of instructional reading level. The predictor variable, PR, was compared for accuracy and practicality with five other predictor variables consisting of four traditional quantitative scoring systems and an additional qualitative system of May's; PR was also compared …

Monitoring Standards Of Science Investigation Skill Attainment By Tongan Secondary Science Students, Fisi'ihoi Mone

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the science investigation skill attainment of Tongan Form 5 (16 years of age) General Science students. Benchmark statements were developed to describe the range of science investigation skills and standard of performance that should be expected of Tongan Form 5 General Science students. A written test of science process skills and a practical test of science apparatus skills, were developed to assess the level of attainment of science investigation skills by students who have completed Form 4 and Form 5 General Science in Tonga. The instruments were piloted twice in Western …