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Full-Text Articles in Education
Use Of Computers In The Early Elementary Classroom, Susan Barbara Freet
Use Of Computers In The Early Elementary Classroom, Susan Barbara Freet
Graduate Research Papers
Microcomputers are becoming increasingly more common in today's society. The cost of the unit Is decreasing, more software is available, and the quality has improved. As computer usage becomes more common in society, schools must respond through educational preparation and utilization. The number of pub I le school computers more than tripled between 1980 and 1982, increasing to nearly 100,000 by the spring of 1982 (Magarrel I, 1982). Between 1980 and 1982 the number of home computers l n use grew more than seven-fold and the number of educational programs available for these micros increased more than ten-fold (Zlajku, 1983). …
The Sources, Symptoms And Alleviators Of Childhood Stress, Debra Colleen Pagitt
The Sources, Symptoms And Alleviators Of Childhood Stress, Debra Colleen Pagitt
Graduate Research Papers
With the fast pace of our technological society, statistics demonstrate that more and more children are victims of childhood stress (Miller, 1982). For example, child suicide has become the "eighth leading cause of death in children ages 8-14 and has become the second leading cause of death for those in the 15-24 year old age group" (Arent, 1984, p. 223). The increases in child and teen drug/alcohol addiction along with the increased number of children identified, labeled and placed in school programs for the emotionally disturbed, attest to the fact that many children are choosing dramatic ways to exhibit stress …
Planning And Implementing Of Peer Counseling Programs: A Comparison Of Three Models, Barbara Colleen Osborne
Planning And Implementing Of Peer Counseling Programs: A Comparison Of Three Models, Barbara Colleen Osborne
Graduate Research Papers
The 100% to 700% increases in divorces affecting children, reported child abuse cases, and suicides have intensified pressures on American youth in the last two decades (U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980, 1982). Such pressures compound children's concerns about who they are and what worth they have to themselves and to others (Seegrist, 19 82) • Because of the heightened stress on youth and the resulting large additional demands on their school counselors' time, counselors have been under pressure to devise ways to deal with these additional responsibilities and concomitantly effectively manage the remaining myriad components of their counseling programs. Successful …
A Review Of Selected Aspects Of The Secondary School Student Activities Program, Tom Kotz
A Review Of Selected Aspects Of The Secondary School Student Activities Program, Tom Kotz
Graduate Research Papers
Since the 1970 1 s many school districts have experienced increased financial problems and declining student achievement levels. These problems have provided critics with new opportunities to voice their position and suggest changes in educational programs. As a result, every program in the educational system is being scrutinized. Critics typically agree on the importance of the core curriculum in meeting educational goals, but question the need for non-core programs. Some researchers conclude that such programs as physical education, driver education, and student activities are actually a hindrance to education (Pines, 1982; Sizer, 1984).
A Review Of Selected Aspects Of Teacher Evaluation, Bill D. Maske
A Review Of Selected Aspects Of Teacher Evaluation, Bill D. Maske
Graduate Research Papers
Over the years educational leaders have produced volumes of articles dealing with teacher evaluation. Since 1980 the literature has begun to increasingly focus on those components of effective teacher evaluation, which are specifically directed to instructional improvement. Current literature elaborates many factors that are important to the successful implementation of such evaluation systems. This paper examines twenty-eight post 1980 professional educational journal articles which review selected aspects of teacher evaluation. These aspects include, purposes for evaluation, obstacles to evaluation, focus for evaluation, and understandings required for effective evaluation.
Microcomputers In Education And Their Applications In Administration, Byron D. Clemsen
Microcomputers In Education And Their Applications In Administration, Byron D. Clemsen
Graduate Research Papers
The single most significant technological achievement of the twentieth century might well be the computer. Capabilities of the computer at present are just beginning to be tapped. What the future has in store is anyone's guess. Computers can perform repetitive tasks with less error than human workers can, as well as work 24 hours per day, 7 days per week without need for rest. Technology has improved both in regards to the speed with which it performs computations as well as the capacity for memory storage. With the latest advancements, computers now have the ability to communicate interactively within a …
The Effectiveness Of Hypnosis Counseling, Doris Eide
The Effectiveness Of Hypnosis Counseling, Doris Eide
Graduate Research Papers
The following paper is a review of literature concerned with the issue 11 Is hypnosis an effective counseling tool? 11 The paper focuses on four sequential and related topics: suggestibility, nonspecific treatment factors, efficacy, and locus of control. The paper presents both supportive and contrairdicated [sic] uses of hypnosis.
Effective Inservice Programs, Harold Terry Ebert
Effective Inservice Programs, Harold Terry Ebert
Graduate Research Papers
It is important to find the characteristics of effective inservice programs. First, the belief exists that professional preparation of teachers is a continuing process and self-renewal must occur if educators are to stay up with the changing needs of their students (Brimm & Tollett, 1974). Why must educators constantly make changes? One answer has been pointed out by Champagne (1980) and Wood, Thompson and Russell (1981). They suggest that as soon as educators leave their preparation programs they can expect to be effective for only five to seven years. Educators can become obsolete very quickly, thus the need for renewal …
Men In Midlife: A Literature Review, Gary Wayne Cox
Men In Midlife: A Literature Review, Gary Wayne Cox
Graduate Research Papers
According to Newton (1983), midlife "is a time for appraisal and review, a time to assess possibilities for change, and create new choices that will form the basis for a good-enough life in middle adulthood (p. 448). Levinson (1978) describes midlife transition as being a bridge between early adulthood and middle adulthood, when men come to terms with their past and prepare for the future. He feels that everyone goes through transition periods in their lives at various life stages. For some, midlife is a time for crisis. Brim (1976) noted that this crisis is both rapid and substantial, resulting …
Methods Of Implementing General Physical Access Guidelines For The Physically Disabled, And Implementation Techniques Regarding Academic Access For The Learning Disabled, As Mandated By The Rehabilitation Act Of 1973, Paul H. Felix
Graduate Research Papers
In September, 1973, the United States Congress passed a law which prohibits discrimination on the basis of mental or physical handicaps in every federally-funded program within the United States. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504, states: No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States ••• shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance (United States statutes at large, 1973, Appendix A). Institutions must comply with this law, or face losing federal funds.
Administrative Decision: Half-Day Everyday Or All-Day Alternate Day Kindergarten Programs, Dean Weldon Flaws Jr.
Administrative Decision: Half-Day Everyday Or All-Day Alternate Day Kindergarten Programs, Dean Weldon Flaws Jr.
Graduate Research Papers
Just over one hundred years ago, the first public kindergarten was established in the United States. Historically kindergarten began as an all-day program. Half-day-kindergartens were developed because of the increase in the number of children and the shortages of teachers and classroom space (Oelrich, 1979). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) was a Swiss educator who believed education should develop a child morally, physically, and intellectually. He felt that children learned best by using their own senses and by discovering things for themselves . His methods and theories were so successful that· educators from all parts of the world came to study …
Counselor Intentionality As A Variable In The Psychotherapeutic Process, Penelope M. Fox
Counselor Intentionality As A Variable In The Psychotherapeutic Process, Penelope M. Fox
Graduate Research Papers
A substantial body of research indicates that counselor behavior in the counseling/psychotherapeutic process is of great importance. Rogers (1957) suggested that counselor behavior must serve as a channel for fullfilling the necessary conditions of empathy, warmth and genuiness for client growth. Sloane et al. (1975) reported the potent 3 effect on outcome of therapist variables. Goodman & Dooley {1976) devised a response taxonomy to categorize counselor behaviors. Ivey & Authier (1978) proposed microcounseling training to teach specific counselor behaviors.
A Literature Review Of The Association Between Adolescent Suicide And Family Communication, Robert Kevan Curren
A Literature Review Of The Association Between Adolescent Suicide And Family Communication, Robert Kevan Curren
Graduate Research Papers
Suicide, in general, has been described by Durkheim {1951) as "all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result (p. 44). Adolescent suicide has become a national concern within the past five years because of the steady rise in both suicide attempts and completions. Currently, suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds. Early reports indicate that suicide may now be ranked second, only behind accidents, for the cause of adolescent death {Greuling & DeBlassie, 1980). In addition, the Statistical …
Developmental Guidance: Teacher Role And Competencies, Bonita Marie Dahlhauser
Developmental Guidance: Teacher Role And Competencies, Bonita Marie Dahlhauser
Graduate Research Papers
Over the past 25 years, elementary school guidance has come into being and struggled to develop its own character. While its secondary school counterpart was born from the need for vocational guidance and grew to provide both educational guidance and career development (Aubrey, 1982), elementary school guidance has come to be characterized increasingly by a developmental approach (Muro & Miller, 1983). In 1977, Struck surveyed publications of state departments of education throughout the United States and found that philosophies of elementary school guidance in most of these states described their programs as developmental in nature, focused on meeting individual needs, …
Considerations For Counseling Gays And Lesbians In "Coming Out", Robert Gene Galloway
Considerations For Counseling Gays And Lesbians In "Coming Out", Robert Gene Galloway
Graduate Research Papers
A growing body of counselors and therapists are publishing books and articles to assist the helping profession in working with gay and lesbian clients. These professionals are part of a more open climate in dealing with gays and lesbians. An outcome of these more accepting attitudes is that the question of "curing homosexuality" is being replaced by concern for dealing with the presenting problems of the clients. This increased openness of counselors can be attributed to the removal of homosexuality from the list of psychiatric disorders over ten years ago, and to the concerns of the gay and lesbian community …
The Evolution Of Local Control In American Public Schools, Dale E. Greimann
The Evolution Of Local Control In American Public Schools, Dale E. Greimann
Graduate Research Papers
Boards of education are agents of the state, acting as policy making bodies for public school districts in the United States. 1 They are chosen traditionally and legally in local settings across America to perform two general control obligatory functions. Campbell, Cunningham, Nystrand, and Usdan (1980: 186) state, "First they are the official link with the public. Boards are to apprehend, understand, and reflect the public will in what they do. Second, boards have internal management responsibilities which are crucial to the enterprise's operation."
A Study Of Some University Residence Hall Coordinators' Attitudes Toward Homosexuality, Ann Renee Grober
A Study Of Some University Residence Hall Coordinators' Attitudes Toward Homosexuality, Ann Renee Grober
Graduate Research Papers
Homosexuality has been in existence in many societies for many years. Ridicule and intolerance were generally expressed toward those who expressed their preference for or practice of it. Until recently, homosexuality has been considered almost everything from a mental illness to a pathological problem. As said by Kenneth Plummer (1982): Until the 197O 1 s, to talk of becoming a homosexual was to talk of etiological factors: chromosomes and heredity, strong mothers and and weak fathers, Oedipal failure and faulty conditioning--these, and many others, have been variously invoked as the cause for homosexuality. Changes in attitudes and beliefs regarding homosexuality …
Minimum Competency Testing: Where It's Been And Where It's Going, Ronald L. Gumm
Minimum Competency Testing: Where It's Been And Where It's Going, Ronald L. Gumm
Graduate Research Papers
At the present time thirty-seven states have passed enabling legislation forming some type of minimum competency testing (henceforth to be called MCT). These tests can cover all students kindergarten to high school and currently affect 75% of our country's population. Many of these programs were started by state legislatures, groups that are not often swift and consistent in their actions. Lazarus (1980) says, 11 ••• it is remarkable to see so many states passing laws, which have at least some resemblance to one another, at a rate of several states per year. Competency testing must appear to hold special promise …
Current Discipline Techniques And Their Effectiveness As Implemented By Elementary School Principals, Neal Hadden
Current Discipline Techniques And Their Effectiveness As Implemented By Elementary School Principals, Neal Hadden
Graduate Research Papers
Disruptive student behavior is a subject of increasing concern to educators and citizens throughout our society. The success and/or failure of teachers and other school officials is often judged in terms of their ability to maintain effective pupil control. The maintenance of order and discipline in the classroom is at the top of the list of problems which teachers consider to be their major difficulties. As the educational head of the elementary public school, the elementary principal is responsible to maintain good pupil discipline. The elementary principal may find it necessary to deal with problems during school hours and before …
Public High School Library Censorship, David Edward Hanneman
Public High School Library Censorship, David Edward Hanneman
Graduate Research Papers
A primary responsibility of any administrator is to provide leadership and direction to the organization and its personnel. Often that leadership consists of anticipating problems and devising appropriate approaches to them before they threaten the organization. Today censorship of public high school library materials represents one of the major issues facing public school districts. This problem is spawned by a lack of tolerance between conservative and liberal individuals and organizations, both fighting for their own beliefs. To what extent censorship is handled effectively rests mainly with the direction given by the public school administrator before the censorship attempt arises.
Class Size And Its Implications For Academic Achievement, John P. Hornug
Class Size And Its Implications For Academic Achievement, John P. Hornug
Graduate Research Papers
Faced with a variety of funding pressures, school officials have sought evidence that smaller classes and a lower pupil-teacher ratio are as essential to the quality of education as educators have maintained. Responding to budgetary concerns, administrators, boards, consultants, and business managers have posed the alternative of increasing class sizes as a means of lessening the drain on financial resources. Obviously, school officials must utilize available funding to provide the greatest benefit to most people.
The Effects Of Family And Self Concept On Women's Career Development, Gail Johnson Huberg
The Effects Of Family And Self Concept On Women's Career Development, Gail Johnson Huberg
Graduate Research Papers
With an ever-increasing number of women in the labor force (Oppenheimer, 1970; statistical Abstract of the U.S., 1984), it has become more important to understand women's career development. Despite large numbers of women in the labor force, women continue to be concentrated in a relatively few occupations such as teaching, secretarial, and nursing (Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 1984), and thus are often limited in income and freedom of choice and expression in the work place.
Using Motivation Constructs To Select Elementary Classroom Guidance Activities, Mary Kathleen Hunchis
Using Motivation Constructs To Select Elementary Classroom Guidance Activities, Mary Kathleen Hunchis
Graduate Research Papers
Education Today: Manifestations of a Problem "Our nation is at risk," according to the National Commission on Excellence in Education.1 This report cites the following evidence, taken from a number of other studies, for the crises that exist in our schools today. 1. American students scored last on seven of nineteen academic tests comparing student achievement with other industrialized nations. 2. Compared to twenty-six years ago when Sputnik was launched, average high school student achievement on most standardized test scores has dropped. 3. An unbroken decline in the College Boards Scholastic Aptitude Test from 1963 to 1980 has been reported. …
Counseling Battered Wives, Phyllis Renee Jones
Counseling Battered Wives, Phyllis Renee Jones
Graduate Research Papers
The relationship between husbands and wives is almost identical to that between parents and children (Ni earthy, 1982). The relationship is identical in the following ways: the husband has the so-called "right" to beat his wife and the parents have the "right" to beat their children. The husbands have the right to batter their wives because of power, authority, hierarchy in the family structure and legal rights. According to Ni earthy (1982) a judge once stated: "If no permanent injury has been inflicted nor malice nor dangerous violence shown by the husband, it is better to draw the curtain, shut …
Critical Elements For Effective Teacher Inservice Education: A Synthesis Of Related Literature, Elizabeth Ellen Kilgard
Critical Elements For Effective Teacher Inservice Education: A Synthesis Of Related Literature, Elizabeth Ellen Kilgard
Graduate Research Papers
Teacher inservice education is and has been a topic 1 of concern with numerous national publications, professional organizations, government agencies, and local school districts. With recent public criticism of the American educational system through published literature including A Nation at Risk (1983), "Public Attitude Toward Public Education" (Gallop, 1983), "U.S. Pupils Rank Low in Eight Nation Test" (Walton, 1983), as well as position statements of special interest groups; such as, Fundamentalists, National Education Association, American Federation of Teachers, parents, administrators, and school boards, it becomes increasingly evident that the public is demanding accountability regarding the competence of practicing professionals and …
A Review Of Selected External Degree Programs In The United States, Marcia A. Kisner
A Review Of Selected External Degree Programs In The United States, Marcia A. Kisner
Graduate Research Papers
The dramatic growth of higher education in the United States since the end of World War II, and, particularly, the rapid rise in the number of community colleges in the 1960's, give evidence of the desire of Americans for greater opportunities to go beyond earlier schooling to meet their learning needs and interests (Houle, 1974). External degree programs are providing students with programs that allow them to receive an education, meet goals of personal satisfaction, promotional success, and career expectations (Kiplinger Washington Editors, 1983).
Career And Educational Needs Of Adult Students, Alan Howard Long
Career And Educational Needs Of Adult Students, Alan Howard Long
Graduate Research Papers
The fastest growing segment of the college student population consists of adults age 25 and over. Adults are attending college in record numbers. The growth of this population is substantial. In 1974, adults comprised 39% of a total enrollment of 8 million, while in 5 years, their numbers had increased to 48% of 10 million total enrollment (Knox, 1979, p. 32). "Several factors have caused the burgeoning adult enrollment, job obsolescence and the subsequent need for retraining, increased numbers of women wishing to enter or reenter the job market, and the increased availability of leisure time" (Perrone, 1977, p. 27). …
A Review Of The Effects Of Maternal Alcoholism On Children: Implications For Child Mental Health, Pamela Sue Maxwell
A Review Of The Effects Of Maternal Alcoholism On Children: Implications For Child Mental Health, Pamela Sue Maxwell
Graduate Research Papers
Children of alcoholics are a neglected population whose needs are not clearly apparent nor understood (Kern et al., 1981). In our society there are nearly thirty-six million family members of alcoholic persons (Kellennann, 1974) of which approximately twenty eight million are children of alcoholics (Deckman & Downs, 1982). Furthermore, there are an estimated seven million children under the age of twenty in the United States who are living with an alcoholic parent (Woodside, 1983). Yet, resources to meet the needs of these children are lacking (Hindman, 1975; Kellennann, 1974).
Sources And Alleviators Of Stress Experienced By Ministers' Wives, Diane M. Nethercott
Sources And Alleviators Of Stress Experienced By Ministers' Wives, Diane M. Nethercott
Graduate Research Papers
Ministers' wives experience unique and excessive stress as evidenced by their rising divorce rate, a growing rebellion against "what they consider outdated notions of sacrificial servanthood, 11 and by reports from professionals who counsel them (Lavender, 1976; Molgaard, 1981; Presnell, 1977, p. 274). In studying stress and burnout for clergy, Bouma (1980), Lavender (1976), and Mace and Mace (1980) noted that although ministers encounter stress factors far beyond those for other occupations, their wives experience even greater strain. Furthermore, Lavender (1976) reported that when ministers' wives seek counseling, psychologists find that stress factors have caused them severe psychological and emotional …
Homogeneous Ability Grouping, Ross M. Opsal
Homogeneous Ability Grouping, Ross M. Opsal
Graduate Research Papers
The central message of this review is that nothing about homogeneous ability grouping has been established with certainty. It seems that only the emphasis of the reviews has changed with the passing years. The earlier reviews seem to indicate that homogeneous ability grouping is effective and should be considered as a teaching strategy. The more recent reviews seem to indicate that homogeneous ability grouping is not effective and, in fact, can be potentially harmful to the student population. In today's era of equal opportunity, the tide has gradually turned against homogeneous ability grouping. Today's reviews focus on the possible negative …