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Full-Text Articles in Education
The Effect Of Fifty Percent Minimum Grades On Student Achievement, James M. Mariani
The Effect Of Fifty Percent Minimum Grades On Student Achievement, James M. Mariani
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This causal-comparative quantitative research study aims to determine whether mandating a 50% minimum grade significantly increases student achievement. The setting for this study was one suburban Pennsylvanian high school of approximately 1,250 students. The educational process involves three integrated components: curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Evaluating methods in which schools assign grades is an inherent part of every school assessment system. The Treedale School District and Pennsylvania Department of Education collected data, which the researcher analyzed by performing multiple Mann-Whitney U tests between pre-policy 0%-100% and post policy 50%-100% grade scale groups. The independent variable is grading scale and the dependent …
A Glimpse Into Arkansas Teachers’ Grading Practices 2022-23, Sarah Morris, Sarah C. Mckenzie
A Glimpse Into Arkansas Teachers’ Grading Practices 2022-23, Sarah Morris, Sarah C. Mckenzie
Arkansas Education Reports
This case study assesses the current, self-reported grading practices among Arkansas teachers. We distributed a Teachers’ Grading Perceptions survey in November, 2022, and we conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers and principals in January-February, 2023. We gathered both quantitative and qualitative data from the teacher survey, and we used interviews to collect themes for current grading practices in Arkansas’s schools. We generated a grading equity scale from the survey questions, verified by a reliable alpha coefficient = 0.83, and we use this in a multivariate regression to explore teacher characteristics and their likelihood of favoring grading equity practices. We collected themes …
A Glimpse Into Arkansas Teachers’ Grading Practices, Sarah Morris, Sarah C. Mckenzie
A Glimpse Into Arkansas Teachers’ Grading Practices, Sarah Morris, Sarah C. Mckenzie
Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications
This case study assesses the current, self-reported grading practices among Arkansas teachers. We distributed a Teachers’ Grading Perceptions survey in November, 2022, and we conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers and principals in January-February, 2023. We gathered both quantitative and qualitative data from the teacher survey, and we used interviews to collect themes for current grading practices in Arkansas’s schools. We generated a grading equity scale from the survey questions, verified by a reliable alpha coefficient = 0.83, and we use this in a multivariate regression to explore teacher characteristics and their likelihood of favoring grading equity practices. We collected themes …
Research On Effects Of Grading, Heather J. Leslie Phd
Research On Effects Of Grading, Heather J. Leslie Phd
Learning Design Center: Staff Scholarship
I believe we have shared goals for our students to become happy, ethical, caring, compassionate, independent, self-motivated, curious critical thinkers and lifelong learners. Decades of research on the effects of grades and grading undermines those goals. This executive summary presents just some of research on how grading affects students’ mental health, intrinsic motivation, critical thinking, and relationships with teachers and peers. Student survey results are included from a course taught without the use of grades.
The Impact Of Standards-Based Learning: Tracking High School Students’ Transition To The University, Thomas R. Guskey, Matt Townsley, Thomas M. Buckmiller
The Impact Of Standards-Based Learning: Tracking High School Students’ Transition To The University, Thomas R. Guskey, Matt Townsley, Thomas M. Buckmiller
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
This study sought to determine if the implementation of standards-based learning in high schools affects students’ transition to learning in university courses. Surveys and interviews with 13 students who had graduated from high schools implementing standards-based learning and who had completed their first academic semester at a midsize, private, Midwest university revealed no detrimental effects. The most frequently mentioned transition difficulties related to social issues and time management. Implications for implementing high school grading reforms are discussed.
Eight Essential Principles For Improving Grading, Susan Brookhart, Thomas R. Guskey, Jay Mctighe, Dylan Wiliam
Eight Essential Principles For Improving Grading, Susan Brookhart, Thomas R. Guskey, Jay Mctighe, Dylan Wiliam
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Done well, grading can play a key role in a balanced district assessment system.
Breaking Up The Grade, Thomas R. Guskey
Breaking Up The Grade, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
To make grading more meaningful, course grades should reflect a range of distinct criteria that make up student learning.
What Do Grades Mean? Variation In Grading Criteria In American College And University Courses, Anastasiya A. Lipnevich, Thomas R. Guskey, Dana M. Murano, Jeffrey K. Smith
What Do Grades Mean? Variation In Grading Criteria In American College And University Courses, Anastasiya A. Lipnevich, Thomas R. Guskey, Dana M. Murano, Jeffrey K. Smith
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
This study examined differences in the criteria used by college and university instructors in the United States to assign course grades. Two hundred and fifty course syllabi (159 from universities and 91 from four-year colleges) developed by randomly selected instructors from five academic disciplines (education, maths, science, psychology, and English) were examined to determine the extent to which instructors employed different criteria in assigning course grades in introductory-level courses. Sources of variation in grade assignment included the use of product versus process criteria, the prevalence of using performance exams, and the framing criteria for grades. Differences between institution types and …
How Traditional Grading Contribute To Student Inequities And How To Fix It, Laura J. Link, Thomas R. Guskey
How Traditional Grading Contribute To Student Inequities And How To Fix It, Laura J. Link, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Grades have long been identified by those in the measurement community as prime examples of unreliable measurement (Brookhart, 1994; Stiggins, Frisbie, & Griswold, 1989). What one teacher considers in calculating students’ grades may differ greatly from another teacher (Guskey & Link, 2019; McMillan, 2001; McMillan, Myran, & Workman, 2002). A major factor contributing to the unreliability of grades is teachers’ inclusion of aspects of students’ behavior in the grades they assign. Despite the recommendation of experts to separate behavior from academic achievement in formulating students’ grades, teachers at all grade levels typically include student behavior as a contributing factor in …
Pass/Fail Grading In Medical School And Impact On Residency Placement, Brittany Ange, Juliann Sergi Mcbrayer, Daniel W. Calhoun, Antonio P. Gutierrez De Blume, Paul Wallach, Elena Wood
Pass/Fail Grading In Medical School And Impact On Residency Placement, Brittany Ange, Juliann Sergi Mcbrayer, Daniel W. Calhoun, Antonio P. Gutierrez De Blume, Paul Wallach, Elena Wood
Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development Faculty Publications
Objective: There is a trend toward using pass/fail (P/F) grading in the first 2 years of medical school as it has been noted to improve student well-being and academic performance is not negatively impacted. It is important that medical students are afforded the best medical education possible to prepare them for residency placement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of P/F grading in medical school on residency placement. Methods: This study compared archival residency match data from two medical school classes. The Class of 2016 had tiered grading and the Class of 2017 had P/F …
Is Collegiate Political Correctness Fake News? Relationships Between Grades And Ideology, Matthew Woessner, Robert Maranto, Amanda Thompson
Is Collegiate Political Correctness Fake News? Relationships Between Grades And Ideology, Matthew Woessner, Robert Maranto, Amanda Thompson
Education Reform Faculty and Graduate Students Publications
While considerable quantitative research demonstrates ideological liberalism among American professors, only qualitative work examines whether this affects undergraduate education. Using the HERI dataset surveying students in their first and fourth years in college (n=7,207), we use OLS regressions to test whether students’ political beliefs are associated with reported college grades and perceived collegiate experiences. We find that while standardized test scores are the best predictors of grade point average, ideology also has impacts. Even with controls for SES, demographics, and SAT scores, liberal students report higher college grades and closer relationships with faculty. Nevertheless, conservative students consistently show higher levels …
The Forgotten Element Of Instructional Leadership: Grading, Thomas R. Guskey, Laura J. Link
The Forgotten Element Of Instructional Leadership: Grading, Thomas R. Guskey, Laura J. Link
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Getting the school team coordinated on grading and reporting policies—and the purpose of grading—is too often overlooked in instructional leadership.
Exploring The Factors Teachers Consider In Determining Students’ Grades, Thomas R. Guskey, Laura J. Link
Exploring The Factors Teachers Consider In Determining Students’ Grades, Thomas R. Guskey, Laura J. Link
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific factors teachers consider when assigning students’ report card grades. Data were gathered from 943 K-12 teachers from five school districts in a southeastern state in the United States who completed the Teachers’ Grading Practices Survey. Analyses focused on how teachers weigh different factors in determining report card grades, and if these factors and weights differ among teachers who teach at different grade levels and have different amounts of classroom experience. Results revealed statistically significant differences among teachers at different grade levels but no differences associated with teachers’ years of …
A Century Of Grading Research: Meaning And Value In The Most Common Educational Measure, Susan M. Brookhart, Thomas R. Guskey, Alex J. Bowers, James H. Mcmillan, Jeffrey K. Smith, Lisa F. Smith, Michael T. Stevens, Megan E. Welsh
A Century Of Grading Research: Meaning And Value In The Most Common Educational Measure, Susan M. Brookhart, Thomas R. Guskey, Alex J. Bowers, James H. Mcmillan, Jeffrey K. Smith, Lisa F. Smith, Michael T. Stevens, Megan E. Welsh
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Grading refers to the symbols assigned to individual pieces of student work or to composite measures of student performance on report cards. This review of over 100 years of research on grading considers five types of studies: (a) early studies of the reliability of grades, (b) quantitative studies of the composition of K–12 report card grades, (c) survey and interview studies of teachers’ perceptions of grades, (d) studies of standards-based grading, and (e) grading in higher education. Early 20th-century studies generally condemned teachers’ grades as unreliable. More recent studies of the relationships of grades to tested achievement and survey studies …
Grading: Why You Should Trust Your Judgment, Thomas R. Guskey, Lee Ann Jung
Grading: Why You Should Trust Your Judgment, Thomas R. Guskey, Lee Ann Jung
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Although computerized grading programs have advantages, teachers’ judgment has been shown to be more reliable.
The Perils Of Prescribed Grade Distributions: What Every Medical Educator Should Know, Kenneth D. Royal, Thomas R. Guskey
The Perils Of Prescribed Grade Distributions: What Every Medical Educator Should Know, Kenneth D. Royal, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
A common practice in medical education is to create a prescribed distribution of grades or ratings so that only a certain percentage of students receive the highest marks. This approach typically is employed to curb grade inflation and as a means to help faculty distinguish outstanding performers. Despite the well-intentioned reasoning for using prescribed grade distributions, a number of associated problems and probable consequences may result from this practice. Thus, the purpose of this article was to discuss the assumptions underlying this potentially unwise practice, the defensibility of this evaluation practice in the high-stakes arena of medical education, and the …
Shifting From The “Bucket-O-Points” To “Big Ideas” Assessment, David J. Mulder
Shifting From The “Bucket-O-Points” To “Big Ideas” Assessment, David J. Mulder
Faculty Work Comprehensive List
No abstract provided.
Grading Exceptional Learners, Lee Ann Jung, Thomas R. Guskey
Grading Exceptional Learners, Lee Ann Jung, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
This five-step model provides fair and accurate grades for students with disabilities and English language learners.
A Unilateral Grading Contract To Improve Learning And Teaching, Peter Elbow
A Unilateral Grading Contract To Improve Learning And Teaching, Peter Elbow
English Department Faculty Publication Series
Contract grading has achieved some prominence in our field as a practice associated with critical pedagogy. In this context, we describe a hybrid grading contract where students earn a course grade of B based not on our evaluation of their writing quality but solely on their completion of the specified activities. The contract lists activities we’ve found most reliable in producing B-quality writing over fourteen weeks. Higher grades are awarded to students who produce exemplary portfolios. Thus we freely give students lots of evaluative feedback on their writing, but students can count on a course grade of B if they …
Assessing Measurement Invariance Of The Teachers’ Perceptions Of Grading Practices Scale Across Cultures, Xing Liu
NERA Conference Proceedings 2008
In a cross-cultural study, it is crucial to understand whether items and the factorial structure of a survey instrument are equivalent across different cultural groups, because items might mean differently to different population groups, and thus the factorial structure of the measurement instrument might not hold across groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the measurement invariance of the Teachers’ Perceptions of Grading Practices Scale (TPGP) across the U.S. and China using structural equation modeling. In particular, this study was designed to examine whether items and the factorial structure of the TPGP scale were equivalent across the two …
Helping Standards Make The Grade, Thomas R. Guskey
Helping Standards Make The Grade, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
When reporting on student work, educators need a clear, comprehensive grading system that shows how students are measuring up to standards.
Making The Grade: What Benefits Students?, Thomas R. Guskey
Making The Grade: What Benefits Students?, Thomas R. Guskey
Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology Faculty Publications
Although the debate over grading and reporting practices continues, today we know which practices benefit students and encourage learning.