Education Commons^™

Mental Health Presentations To Acute Psychiatric Services: 3-Year Study Of Prevalence And Readmission Risk For Personality Disorders Compared With Psychotic, Affective, Substance Or Other Disorders, Kate L. Lewis, Mahnaz Fanaian, Beth Kotze, Brin F. S Grenyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background The relative burden and risk of readmission for people with personality disorders in hospital settings is unknown. Aims To compare hospital use of people with personality disorder with that of people with other mental health diagnoses, such as psychoses and affective disorders. Method Naturalistic study of hospital presentations for mental health in a large community catchment. Mixed-effects Cox regression and survival curves were generated to examine risk of readmission for each group. Results Of 2894 people presenting to hospital, patients with personality disorder represented 20.5% of emergency and 26.6% of in-patients. Patients with personality disorder or psychoses were 2.3 …

Time Effects On Resting Eeg In Children With/Without Ad/Hd, Dawei Zhang, Stuart J. Johnstone, Hui Li, Robert J. Barry, Adam R. Clarke, Qihua Zhao, Yan Song, Lu Liu, Qiujin Qian, Yufeng Wang, Li Sun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this study we extend on behavioural evidence to examine the effect of time on EEG measures related to arousal and emotion/motivation in children with/without AD/HD. Thirty children with AD/HD and 30 age- and sex-matched controls participated. EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and divided into three 2.5 min blocks after pre-processing. Time effects for absolute and relative alpha activity were found in healthy controls; these effects did not interact with AD/HD status. Interactions between time and AD/HD status were found for absolute theta, relative theta, and theta/beta ratio (TBR), with these EEG indices increasing over time in …

Caffeine Affects Children's Erps And Performance In An Equiprobable Go/No-Go Task: Testing A Processing Schema, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio, Jack Fogarty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Caffeine's stimulant properties were used to test a proposed processing schema for children's processing stages in the equiprobable auditory go/no-go task. Active control-related ERP components were hypothesized to be differentially enhanced by caffeine. Caffeine (80 mg) was administered in a counterbalanced, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 24 children, aged 8-12 years. Four blocks of an equiprobable auditory go/no-go task were completed on each of two occasions, while on or off caffeine. ERP data sets from each condition (caffeine/go, placebo/go, caffeine/no-go, placebo/no-go) were subjected to separate temporal PCAs with extraction and varimax rotation of all components. Caffeine significantly reduced reaction …

Remembering In The Context Of Internal States: The Role Of Sleep For Infant Memory, Sabine Seehagen, Norbert Zmyj, Jane S. Herbert

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research with adults has shown that a person's internal context, or state, influences how memory functions. This factor is rarely considered in research on infant memory, in part because of the practical and ethical difficulties of manipulating these variables in infants. In this article, we argue that models of infant memory will remain limited in scope and accuracy if the internal context of participants is not considered. As a case in point, we present emerging literature on sleep-dependent memory. Our review shows that for infants, timely sleep after a learning experience helps them retain and further process new memories. Studies …

Strategies To Improve Dietary, Fluid, Dialysis Or Medication Adherence In Patients With End Stage Kidney Disease On Dialysis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Intervention Trials, Karumathil Murali, Judy Mullan, Steven J. Roodenrys, Hicham Ibrahim Cheikh Hassan, Kelly Lambert, Maureen A. Lonergan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Parental Involvement In Decision-Making About Their Child's Health Care At The Hospital, Antje Aarthun, Knut Oymar, Kristin Akerjordet

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aim: To explore parents' experiences on parental involvement in decision-making about their child's health care at the hospital and to identify how health professionals can improve parental involvement. Design: An explorative descriptive qualitative study within a constructivist research paradigm. Methods: Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 parents. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: This study gives unique insight into how parental involvement in children's healthcare decisions influence parents' ability to cope with the parental role at the hospital. The results showed that parents' competence and perceived influence and control over their child's health care appeared …

Pc 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Response To Superhigh Frequency Terahertz Radiation Fromsynchrotron Source, Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, Dominique Rt Appadoo, Samuel Cheeseman, Jason V. Wandiyanto, Denver Linklater, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Vi Truong, Mark Tobin, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Olha Bazaka, Kateryna Bazaka, Rodney J. Croft, Russell Crawford, Elena Ivanova

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been widely used in many wireless communication devices, yet within the terahertz (THz) range, their effects on biological systems are poorly understood. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.3-19.5 x 10 12 Hz, generated using a synchrotron light source, was used to investigate the response of PC 12 neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells to THz irradiation. The PC 12 cells remained viable and physiologically healthy, as confirmed by a panel of biological assays; however, exposure to THz radiation for 10 min at 25.2 ± 0.4 ◦ C was sufficient to induce a …

Developing Attentional Control In Naturalistic Dynamic Road Crossing Situations, Victoria Nicholls, Geraldine Jean-Charles, Junpeng Lao, Peter De Lissa, Roberto Caldara, Sebastien R. Miellet

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the last 20 years, there has been increasing interest in studying visual attentional processes under more natural conditions. In the present study, we propose to determine the critical age at which children show similar to adult performance and attentional control in a visually guided task; in a naturalistic dynamic and socially relevant context: road crossing. We monitored visual exploration and crossing decisions in adults and children aged between 5 and 15 while they watched road traffic videos containing a range of traffic densities with or without pedestrians. 5-10 year old (y/o) children showed less systematic gaze patterns. More specifically, …

Data-Driven Derivation Of Natural Eeg Frequency Components: An Optimised Example Assessing Resting Eeg In Healthy Ageing, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio, Diana Karamacoska

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The majority of electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations in normal ageing have determined EEG spectra from epochs recorded in the eyes-closed (EC) and/or eyes-open (EO) resting states, and summed amplitudes or power estimates within somewhat-arbitrary and/or inconsistently defined traditional frequency band limits. New method: Natural frequency components were sought using a data-driven frequency Principal Components Analysis (f-PCA) approach, optimised to reduce between-condition and between-group misallocation of variance. Frequency component correspondence was screened using the Congruence Coefficient and topographic correlations for potential matches on Condition and/or Group. The amplitudes of corresponding natural components were then explored as a function of these independent …

Pharmacists And Patients Sharing Decisions About Medicines: Development And Feasibility Of A Conversation Guide, Kristie Weir, Carissa Bonner, Kirsten Mccaffery, Vasi Naganathan, Stacy M. Carter, Debbie Rigby, Lyndal Trevena, Andrew J. Mclachlan, Jesse Jansen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In Australia, the Home Medicines Review (HMR) is a nationally-funded program, led by pharmacists to optimize medication use for older people. A Medicines Conversation Guide was developed for pharmacists to use in the context of a HMR. The Guide aims to increase patient involvement and support discussions about: general health understanding, decision-making and information preferences, health priorities related to medicines, patient goals and fears, views on important activities and trade-offs.

Objective: This study describes the development and feasibility testing of a Medicines Conversation Guide in HMRs with pharmacists and older patients.

Methods: The Guide was developed using a systematic …

David Gillespie's 'Teen Brain': A Valid Argument Let Down By Selective Science And Over-The-Top Claims, Sarah P. Loughran

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Screen time has arguably become the most concerning aspect of development for modern-day parents. A 2015 poll identified children's excessive screen time as the number one concern for parents, overtaking more traditional concerns such as obesity and not getting enough physical activity.

Sms Sos: A Randomized Controlled Trial To Reduce Self-Harm And Suicide Attempts Using Sms Text Messaging, Garry J. Stevens, Trent Hammond, Suzanne Brownhill, Manish Anand, Anabel De La Riva, Jean Hawkins, Tristan Chapman, Richard Baldacchino, Jo Micallef, Jagadeesh Andepalli, Anita Kotak, Naren Gunja, Andrew Page, Grahame V. Gould, Christopher Ryan, Ian Whyte, Gregory L. Carter, Alison L. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Hospital-treated deliberate self-harm (DSH) is common, costly and has high repetition rates. Since brief contact interventions (BCIs) may reduce the risk of DSH repetition, we aim to evaluate whether a SMS (Short Message Service) text message Intervention plus Treatment As Usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone will reduce hospital DSH re-presentation rates in Western Sydney public hospitals in Australia. Methods/design: Our study is a 24-month randomized controlled trial (RCT). Adult patients who present with DSH to hospital emergency, psychiatric, and mental health triage and assessment departments will be randomly assigned to an Intervention condition plus TAU receiving nine SMS …

Effects Of Self-Assessment Feedback On Self-Assessment And Task-Selection Accuracy, Steven F. Raaijmakers, Martine Baars, Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G Van Merrienboer, Tamara Van Gog

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Effective self-regulated learning in settings in which students can decide what tasks to work on, requires accurate self-assessment (i.e., a judgment of own level of performance) as well as accurate task selection (i.e., choosing a subsequent task that fits the current level of performance). Because self-assessment accuracy is often low, task-selection accuracy suffers as well and, consequently, self-regulated learning can lead to suboptimal learning outcomes. Recent studies have shown that a training with video modeling examples enhanced self-assessment accuracy on problem-solving tasks, but the training was not equally effective for every student and, overall, there was room for further improvement …

Vascular Effects On The Bold Response And The Retinotopic Mapping Of Hv4, H Boyd Taylor, Alexander M. Puckett, Zoey J. Isherwood, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite general acceptance that the retinotopic organisation of human V4 (hV4) takes the form of a single, uninterrupted ventral hemifield, measured retinotopic maps of this visual area are often incomplete. Here, we test hypotheses that artefact from draining veins close to hV4 cause inverted BOLD responses that may serve to obscure a portion of the lower visual quarterfield-including the lower vertical meridian-in some hemispheres. We further test whether correcting such responses can restore the 'missing' retinotopic coverage in hV4. Subjects (N = 10) viewed bowtie, ring, drifting bar and full field flash stimuli. Functional EPIs were acquired over approximately 1.5h …

People Living In Rural Areas May Be At Lower Risk Of Alzheimer's Disease, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

People who live in regional or remote areas may be at lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, according to our recent research. Using data from more 260,000 adults in New South Wales who were aged 45 and over, we found those living in regional or remote areas of the state had a 6% to 19% lower risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease over 11 years, compared with their city counterparts.

School-University Partnerships In Australia: A Systematic Literature Review, Corinne Green, Sharon K. Tindall-Ford, Michelle J. Eady

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Across Australia and around the world, school-university partnerships have been advocated by researchers and policymakers as a means of bridging the perceived theory-practice divide for which teacher education programs have been criticised. A range of literature exists that explores school-university partnerships either from a theoretical perspective, or grounded in specific examples. As these pieces of research typically provide an overview of school-university partnerships in general, or rely on findings from one or two partnerships, a broad understanding of partnerships and the research gaps that remain can be difficult to ascertain. This paper presents a systematic literature review to provide collective …

Exposure To Domestic Violence During Adolescence: Coping Strategies And Attachment Styles As Early Moderators And Their Relationship To Functioning During Adulthood, Linda Hui Gin Pang, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to domestic violence during adolescence on an individual's psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the long-term role of different coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, as potential moderators in the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and an individual's functioning during adulthood. A total of 218 adult participants completed measures regarding exposure to domestic violence, engagement in coping strategies, and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, and psychological health, ability to …

Increasing Tree Cover May Be Like A 'Superfood' For Community Mental Health, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Increasing tree canopy and green cover across Greater Sydney and increasing the proportion of homes in urban areas within 10 minutes' walk of quality green, open and public space are among the New South Wales premier's new priorities. Cities around Australia have similar goals. In our latest study, we asked if more of any green space will do? Or does the type of green space matter for our mental health?

A Protocol For A Discrete Choice Experiment: Understanding Patient Medicine Preferences For Managing Chronic Non-Cancer Pain, Marian D. Shanahan, Briony K. Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Milton Cohen, Maria Schaffer, Gabrielle Campbell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: High rates of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), concerns about adverse effects including dependence among those prescribed potent pain medicines, the recent evidence supporting active rather than passive management strategies and a lack of funding for holistic programme have resulted in challenges around decision making for treatment among clinicians and their patients. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are one way of assessing and valuing treatment preferences. Here, we outline a protocol for a study that assesses patient preferences for CNCP treatment.

Methods and analysis: A final list of attributes (and their levels) for the DCE was generated using a detailed iterative …

Riots In West Papua: Why Indonesia Needs To Answer For Its Broken Promises, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Last weekend, the Indonesian police took 43 West Papuan students into custody for allegedly disrespecting the Indonesian flag during an independence day celebration (an allegation the students deny). Police stormed the students' dorm and used teargas to force them out, while bystanders and officers called them "monkeys", a derogatory term for ethnically Melanesian Papuans. West Papuans have long been cast by Indonesians as primitive people from the Stone Age, and this racist treatment continues to this day. West Papuan author Filep Karma described the extent of racism against West Papuans in his 2014 book, As If We Are Half-Animal: Indonesia's …

Association Of Urban Green Space With Mental Health And General Health Among Adults In Australia, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Importance: Recent studies indicate that living near more green space may support mental and general health and may also prevent depression. However, most studies are cross-sectional, and few have considered whether some types of green space matter more for mental health.

Objective: To assess whether total green space or specific types of green space are associated with better mental health.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included a residentially stable, city-dwelling sample of 46786 participants from Sydney, Wollongong, and Newcastle, Australia, in the baseline of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (data collected from January 1, 2006, to …

Proposing A Haptic Approach To Facilitating L2 Learners' Pragmatic Competence, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker, William Acton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Pragmatic competence plays a critical role in successful communication. Pragmatics in the second language classroom has received substantial interest in TESOL, yet teachers often find the teaching of pragmatics challenging. Instruction generally tends to focus on grammar and vocabulary development, even though pragmatics is closely linked to the sound system (i.e., phonology) of the language. An effective method should combine attention to both pragmatic and phonological competence. We propose an integrated approach, drawing on haptic (movement and touch) pronunciation teaching techniques (Acton, Baker, Burri & Teaman, 2013) to facilitate study and uptake of pragmatics in the classroom. In part by …

Single Portion Packaging And The Use Of User Test Protocols To Determine Patient Accessibility, Alaster Yoxall, Alison F. Bell, K Gee, Caroline Lecko

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2015, the UK National Health Service (NHS) established a taskforce to review single portion food and beverage packaging, which has been identified as a potential challenge to users in hospitals. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the suitability and accessibility of the current single portion packs. The packaging was assessed using ISO 17480 (Guidelines for Accessible Packaging), Annex D. The standard determines a pass or fail of packaging opening asking a panel 20 older adults to open a pack. A pack is recorded as a failure if within the 20 people cohort, there is an example of pack …

Investigating The Mediators And Moderators Of Child Body Mass Index Change In The Time2bhealthy Childhood Obesity Prevention Program For Parents Of Preschool-Aged Children, Megan L. Hammersley, Anthony D. Okely, Marijka Batterham, Rachel A. Jones

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore factors which mediated or moderated the effect of the Time2bHealthy online program for parents of preschool-aged children on body mass index (BMI) change. Study design: Mediation and moderation analyses of data from a two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. Methods: Randomisation was conducted after baseline measures. The intervention group received an 11-week online program, and the comparison group received emailed links to information from an evidence-based parenting website. Data on the primary outcome (child BMI), potential mediators (energy intake, fruit and vegetable intake, discretionary food intake, physical activity, screen-time, sleep, child feeding, …

Engaging With Bourdieu's Theory Of Practice: An Empirical Tool For Exploring School Students' Technology Practice, Tiffani L. Apps, Karley A. Beckman, Sue Bennett

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article presents Bourdieu's theory of practice as a tool for exploring school students' technology practice in empirical research. The authors provide educational technology researchers with an accessible introduction to the theory of practice. They then detail the conceptual, methodological and analytic application of the theory of practice in two educational technology studies. The application of the theory in the two studies highlights the potential of the sociological framing for informing a robust critical research agenda and understanding the circumstances that can contribute to digital inequalities. Practically, knowledge gained through theoretically informed research is critical for researchers, governments, schools and …

Optimal Experiences In Exercise: A Qualitative Investigation Of Flow And Clutch States, Christian F. Swann, Patricia C. Jackman, Matthew Schweickle, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: Understanding how to promote rewarding exercise experiences is important for attempts to help individuals be physically active. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the optimal psychological states experienced during rewarding exercise activities. Specifically, participants were interviewed as soon as possible after recent, rewarding exercise experiences in order to maximise detail and accuracy of recall. Design: Event-focused qualitative study. Method: A sample of 18 individuals (Mage= 32.94 years) participated in event-focused, semi-structured interviews soon after a rewarding exercise experience (M = 2 days later). Data were analysed thematically, while strategies were employed to enhance trustworthiness. Results: Participants reported two distinct …

Electroencephalography Theta/Beta Ratio Covaries With Mind Wandering And Functional Connectivity In The Executive Control Network, Dana Van Son, Mischa De Rover, Frances M. De Blasio, Willem Van Der Does, Robert J. Barry, Peter Putman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The ratio between frontal resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) theta and beta frequency power (theta/beta ratio, TBR) is negatively related to cognitive control. It is unknown which psychological processes during resting state account for this. Increased theta and reduced beta power are observed during mind wandering (MW), and MW is related to decreased connectivity in the executive control network (ECN) and increased connectivity in the default mode network (DMN). The goal of this study was to test if MW-related fluctuations in TBR covary with such functional variation in ECN and DMN connectivity and if this functional variation is related to resting-state TBR. …

Comparing Neuropsychological Performance In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Healthy Controls: An Online Study, Olivia Winkworth, Susan J. Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aims: Both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and adult attention deficit hyperactivity. disorder (ADHD) are associated with neuropsychological underperformance, however few studies have directly compared neuropsychological performance between individuals with OCD versus those with ADHD. Additionally, previous studies have often included participants with comorbid conditions including depression, which may confound results.

Method: Adults with existing diagnoses of OCD (n = 20) or ADHD (n = 71) without comorbid disorders, and controls (n = 63) completed online measures of symptoms of OCD, ADHD and depressive symptoms, and tasks assessing executive functions, working memory, inhibition and attention using an online cognitive testing platform. Analyses …

Protocol For An Economic Evaluation Of The Quitlink Randomized Controlled Trial For Accessible Smoking Cessation Support For People With Severe Mental Illness, Rohan Sweeney, Marj Moodie, Amanda Baker, Ron Borland, David J. Castle, Catherine Segan, Alyna Turner, John R. Attia, Peter James Kelly, Lisa Brophy, Billie Bonevski, Jill Williams, Donita Baird, Sarah L. White, Kristen Mccarter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Smoking is a major cause of disease burden and reduced quality of life for people with severe mental illness (SMI). It places significant resource pressure on health systems and financial stress on smokers with SMI (SSMI). Telephone-based smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be cost effective in general populations. However, evidence suggests that SSMI are less likely to be referred to quitlines, and little is known about the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of such interventions that specifically target SSMI. The Quitlink randomized controlled trial for accessible smoking cessation support for SSMI aims to bridge this gap. This paper …

A Sound Track To Ecological Crisis: Tracing Guitars All The Way Back To The Tree, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Analyses of music and environment are proliferating, yet new conceptions are needed to make sense of growing ecological crisis in the Anthropocene. From an empirical project tracing guitars all the way back to the tree, I argue for deeper conceptual and empirical integration of music into the material and visceral processes that constitute ecological crisis itself. Musicians are not only inspired by environmental concerns for compositional or activist purposes. They are entangled in environmental crisis through material and embodied relations with ecosystems, especially via the musical instruments we depend upon. I foreground three 'more-than-musical' themes to make sense of unfurling …