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University of Northern Iowa

Graduate Research Papers

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1993

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Articles 31 - 60 of 111

Full-Text Articles in Education

Grouping In Reading Instruction To Extend The Whole Language Concept, Linda S. Schneider Jan 1993

Grouping In Reading Instruction To Extend The Whole Language Concept, Linda S. Schneider

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of the paper is to examine ability grouping and then to offer flexible grouping as one means of extending the whole language concept into the reading instructional program of the elementary school.


The Development Of A Transformational Curriculum Model For Kindergarten, Kathleen Schmitt Jan 1993

The Development Of A Transformational Curriculum Model For Kindergarten, Kathleen Schmitt

Graduate Research Papers

Curriculum is ever-changing in all content areas and grade levels. These changes are necessary and sometimes painful. The needed curriculum changes in early childhood have been well-documented (Bredekamp, 1987), and adventurous teachers are beginning to transform their structured, 1 teacher-centered classrooms to active, student-centered classrooms.


The Regular Education Initiative: A Collaboration Between Regular Education And Special Education, Kathy Winters Jan 1993

The Regular Education Initiative: A Collaboration Between Regular Education And Special Education, Kathy Winters

Graduate Research Papers

Prior to the 1960s, students needing special education services received their education in segregated classrooms and schools. Since then Special Education services have changed dramatically in response to the needs of the handicapped, their families, and the public school system. During the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, the field of Special Education experienced growth through the efforts of educators, parents, legislators, and the legal system (Smith & Neisworth, 1977; Hallahan & Kauffman, 1978). The field of Learning Disabilities developed in the mid 1960s and continues to grow and develop as more is learned about students with learning disabilities (Learner, …


Enhancing Academic Advising: Identifying Effective Models For The Community College In Transition, Mark A. Keefer Jan 1993

Enhancing Academic Advising: Identifying Effective Models For The Community College In Transition, Mark A. Keefer

Graduate Research Papers

Until the end of the nineteenth century, college academic programs were highly structured, academic choices were limited, and few people attended college. As college curricula started to become more complex towards the end of the nineteenth century, academic advising emerged as a faculty responsibility that assisted students with developing appropriate courses of study (Rudolph, 1962). In the late 1800's, Harvard developed an advising program for faculty helping students ''to select those programs which were best suited to their needs and interests"(Brubacher and Rudy, 1968, p.432).


A Comparison Of All-Day Every Day Kindergarten To Half-Day Every Day Kindergarten, Sue Ellen Richardson Jan 1993

A Comparison Of All-Day Every Day Kindergarten To Half-Day Every Day Kindergarten, Sue Ellen Richardson

Graduate Research Papers

No abstract provided.


A Vision For An Effective Principalship: A Reflective Essay, Scott W. Frerichs Jan 1993

A Vision For An Effective Principalship: A Reflective Essay, Scott W. Frerichs

Graduate Research Papers

One question I have often been asked is why did you decide to teach? My answer to this question often varied because there is no single reason for my making such an important decision. The initial reason for my choosing to teach was that I had several very positive role models who were teachers and I felt that I too could be such a role model. I also enjoyed school and was successful both in the classroom and with extra-curricular activities. I believed that I could make a difference through teaching. For these reasons I felt that teaching was a …


A Literature-Based Science Program, Susanne Deshaw Reiter Jan 1993

A Literature-Based Science Program, Susanne Deshaw Reiter

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to present the value of extending the science program through experiences with the different genres of literature. A review of professional literature will be presented. Then the outcome of working through the process of extending the literature base of a specific unit will be reported.


Drama Education: A Teaching Strategy For Young Children Affected By Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder, Janice C. Miller Jan 1993

Drama Education: A Teaching Strategy For Young Children Affected By Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder, Janice C. Miller

Graduate Research Papers

According to many experts, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents the most common developmental problem in school children (Coleman & Levine, 1988; Goodyear & Hynd 1992; Henker & Whalen, 1989). Children diagnosed with ADHD share a group of symptoms including: impulsiveness, inappropriate attention span, distractibility, and in some cases, hyperactivity (American Psychiatriatric Association [APA], 1987). Problems associated with ADHD result in chronic academic and social failure (Parker, 1990). This study is a concerted effort to help parents and teachers understand the difficulties children affected by ADHD experience and to present a strategy that will help the ADHD affected child achieve success.


An Evaluation Of 15 Studies Concerning The Effectiveness Of Tutorial Cai, Chin-Kau Tung Jan 1993

An Evaluation Of 15 Studies Concerning The Effectiveness Of Tutorial Cai, Chin-Kau Tung

Graduate Research Papers

Increased use of the computer in business, in the classroom, and in the home has become apparent in recent years. Especially, the amount of computers in classrooms has been increasing rapidly in the last several years. According to Tolman and Allred (1991), the number of microcomputers and terminals in U.S. schools was estimated to be between 200,000 and 300,000 in 1982. In 1989, the number had increased to approximately 2.4 million. According to U.S. government statistics, the number of computers in homes is elevating. At the beginning of the 1980s, there were fewer than one million, but by the end …


An Examination Of Writing Apprehension Levels Among Student Writers, Kim Yvette Walker Jan 1993

An Examination Of Writing Apprehension Levels Among Student Writers, Kim Yvette Walker

Graduate Research Papers

Many students dislike writing because they feel they cannot write (Basile, 1982). They view writing as an obstacle in their attempts to communicate what they know and in furthering their knowledge. This leads to frustration and hostility towards writing. Students will often develop the attitude that education should not depend on the ability to write (Basile, 1982).


A Parent Involvement Program For The Parents Of Elementary Students In The Algona Community School District, Holly Filson-Heath Jan 1993

A Parent Involvement Program For The Parents Of Elementary Students In The Algona Community School District, Holly Filson-Heath

Graduate Research Papers

Throughout history, education has been closely linked to the family and the economy. The family was the primary educator of children prior to the establishment of format schools. Because the economy was a subsistence economy, parents taught their children the necessary skills to survive and children were viewed as important contributors to the business of making a living. Each family's livelihood was closely tied to the home and members of the family were building blocks of the society's economic organization. All the activities and training necessary for adulthood took place within the household or in easy distance from it (Coleman, …


Portfolio Assessment Of Children's Reading Growth, Jean D. Emlet Jan 1993

Portfolio Assessment Of Children's Reading Growth, Jean D. Emlet

Graduate Research Papers

The teaching of reading has taken a dramatic turn in the last two decades because emerging literacy is seen in a more holistic light. This concept of literacy, known as whole language, focuses on students creating their own meaning through the language processes. When educators engage in instructional development to extend the whole language concept into the school program, they consider the nature of language and emerging literacy. With this view of language in mind, reading does not simply mean decoding words but is a far more complex process. Reading is building meaning by integrating prior knowledge with new information …


Attention Deficit Disorder In Children And Adolescents, Cheryl L. Harris Jan 1993

Attention Deficit Disorder In Children And Adolescents, Cheryl L. Harris

Graduate Research Papers

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is now being diagnosed in many of our regular classroom settings. ADD has many symptoms that accompany the disorder. Two of these symptoms are: inappropriate levels of sustained attention and impulse control and poor regulation of activity level to situational demands (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). It is believed that this disorder begins in early childhood and can continue on , throughout childhood and adolescence. According to Barkley, Fischer, Newby, & Breen (1988), the mean age of onset is 4 years. More males than females have been found to evidence this disorder with the incidence ranging from …


Relaxation As A Stress Reducer For Young Children Ages 4-7, Kathryn A. Heikens Jan 1993

Relaxation As A Stress Reducer For Young Children Ages 4-7, Kathryn A. Heikens

Graduate Research Papers

When Hans Selye (1984) attempted to trace the history of stress, he stated, "It would be natural to start with the discovery of stress, yet it seems as though, in a sense, man always knew about this condition and even now still fails to grasp its essence completely" (p. 4). Selye presented a variety of medical treatments that have evolved through time. They have linked stress to disease production. In addition, these treatments date back to early historic times when witch doctors were called upon to banish demons.


Enhancing Awareness Of Story Structure Through Folk Tales In A Chapter I Reading Program, Candace A. Higgens Jan 1993

Enhancing Awareness Of Story Structure Through Folk Tales In A Chapter I Reading Program, Candace A. Higgens

Graduate Research Papers

One means of implementing the whole language concept into a Chapter I reading program is providing quality literature experiences that are relevant to the students. Traditional basal texts and remedial materials often present reading as fragments of whole units of language and focus on arbitrary skill development (Goodman, 1987). Such texts give only a partial view of what reading is about and do not promote enjoyment of reading. Children, especially those who tend to be global learners, have difficulty relating to this material (Carbo, 1987).


Reading Recovery: Hope For Children At-Risk, Julie Jungers Jan 1993

Reading Recovery: Hope For Children At-Risk, Julie Jungers

Graduate Research Papers

Teachers who work with children on reading in the early primary years would likely be excited to discover a program that is effective in helping to prevent reading failure (Jones, 1991). Early intervention and reading success have become very important as "expectations have become increasingly high and unrealistic as the curriculum from upper grades has been pushed down to lower levels, thus dooming large numbers of young children to inevitable failure" (Charlesworth, 1989, p. 5). With these increasing demands of the educational system in America, effective intervention for at-risk children is a necessity. For young children to become successful learners, …


What Parents Can Do To Nurture Emerging Literacy, Jacqueline B. Lahr Jan 1993

What Parents Can Do To Nurture Emerging Literacy, Jacqueline B. Lahr

Graduate Research Papers

Children's emerging literacy is an amazing phenomenon. Much research has been done to help educators and parents understand how children develop abilities to read and write. The studies compare learning written language to learning oral language. They conclude that children immersed in language, and expected and encouraged to use language as a tool to communicate, learn to speak naturally (Fields, 1988; Fredericks & Rasinski, 1990; Goodman, 1986; Graves & Senecal, 1989; Ross & BBondy, 1987). This same approach to learning written language needs to be taken: Print needs to be introduced at an early age to children in the home. …


The Effects Of Sound Field Amplification In A Regular Classroom On Academic Achievement, Susan I. Maahs Jan 1993

The Effects Of Sound Field Amplification In A Regular Classroom On Academic Achievement, Susan I. Maahs

Graduate Research Papers

Auditory learning makes up a major portion of the total learning process in an elementary classroom. Sound field FM amplification systems are currently being used in some classrooms across the nation to help students focus on the sound signals significant to their academic achievement. With this technology, the FM signal is transmitted to a common FM receiver-amplifier coupled to 3 or 4 electroacoustic speakers. The talker with the transmitter is mobile, and all the students can hear a transmitted amplified signal.


Nurturing And Assessing Children's Emerging Writing Abilities, D. Janeece Lasley Jan 1993

Nurturing And Assessing Children's Emerging Writing Abilities, D. Janeece Lasley

Graduate Research Papers

In the past twenty years, writing instructional programs have moved away from an emphasis on form. Currently, the focus is on creating meaning through the composition process. Underlying the emphasis on form was the assumption that if students had all the necessary subskills for writing, they could synthesize them into quality composition (Hieronymous & Hoover, 1987). The recent trend is to center on the whole of the idea, not to accumulate discrete skills. This approach to writing encourages students to take risks, to construct their own meaning, and to learn to integrate prior knowledge with the demands of the writing …


Historical Fiction In The Study Of The American Indian Culture, Kay Lynne Bisinger Jan 1993

Historical Fiction In The Study Of The American Indian Culture, Kay Lynne Bisinger

Graduate Research Papers

In planning school instructional programs, educators need to consider the cultural diversity in the United States. Children need to become attuned to diversity and at the same time discover the universals that all people share. One means of doing this is through literature experiences that nurture children's awareness and appreciation of different cultures. In selecting multicultural literature for the classroom, teachers need to make informed choices. Portrayals of any culture require sensitivity, accuracy, and positive imagery (Bishop, 1987).


The Effects Of The Premature Infant On The Family, Frances Bollinger Jan 1993

The Effects Of The Premature Infant On The Family, Frances Bollinger

Graduate Research Papers

The birth of a child is a life altering event. Parents are now responsible for a new life. The birth of a child alters the parent's relationship with each other, their own parents, the community and the rest of their family. Many parents adjust to the new infant without complications. Parents of a premature infant will have a different relationship with their family, friends, and community than do parents of full-term infants. "The birth of a sick or premature infant alters the time accepted events that celebrate a new member of the community" (Goldson, p.32, 1992). Parents feel anxiety, fear, …


The Gifted/Learning Disabled Student: A Contradiction In The Classroom, Caroline M. Bredekamp Jan 1993

The Gifted/Learning Disabled Student: A Contradiction In The Classroom, Caroline M. Bredekamp

Graduate Research Papers

The following study is a review of current literature concerning identification processes, as well as a delineation of appropriate learning strategies for gifted/learning disabled students. The analysis continues with an examination of the needs of a potentially gifted/learning disabled student. Throughout his academic career, the subject of this analysis experienced difficulties in school. Despite his high intelligence, he did not achieve academically according to either grade level testing or batteries measuring personal aptitude. The resulting combination of the review of literature and the student analysis produces, from the viewpoint of best recommended practice, suggested strategies for educators teaching paradoxical learners. …


Humanities Through World History: A Curriculum Development Project In Humanities Education For The Gifted, Susan E. Scott Cline Jan 1993

Humanities Through World History: A Curriculum Development Project In Humanities Education For The Gifted, Susan E. Scott Cline

Graduate Research Papers

The humanities have been considered an interesting and valuable area of study for many years. The, time-honored image of a well-rounded person includes a command of literature, languages,. philosophy and the appreciation of the fine arts (Beers, 1990). In the present world, it is important to be conversant in current events, politics, religion, philosophy, fine arts and popular arts to be seen as intelligent and educated. All of these areas can be considered parts of the humanities.


Flexible Grouping As A Means Of Nurturing Children's Language Abilities, Brenda M. Clark Jan 1993

Flexible Grouping As A Means Of Nurturing Children's Language Abilities, Brenda M. Clark

Graduate Research Papers

This paper will review the professional literature on ability grouping patterns in traditional reading instruction and their effects on learners. Then elements of flexible grouping will be proposed for implementation into a reading program that nurtures children's language abilities.


Picture Storybooks For Speech Communications Curriculum And Extracurricular Activities: An Annotated Bibliography, Del Brink Jan 1993

Picture Storybooks For Speech Communications Curriculum And Extracurricular Activities: An Annotated Bibliography, Del Brink

Graduate Research Papers

High school speech instructors frequently use picture storybooks in their curriculum. Picture storybooks differ from illustrated storybooks and picture books because they are the only type of the three that includes a balanced union between text and illustrations. An observation made at a high school speech contest in Iowa was the impetus for the formation of a bibliography of picture storybooks suitable for speech contest work. The researcher located, read, annotated, and categorized books reviewed in The Horn Book Magazine between 1989 and 1992. Of the 497 books read, 363 formed a bibliography of picture storybooks divided among these categories: …


Play And Literacy Development: The Role Of The Teacher And Classroom Design, Lisa Kay Schmidt Jan 1993

Play And Literacy Development: The Role Of The Teacher And Classroom Design, Lisa Kay Schmidt

Graduate Research Papers

During the past decade, research has flourished on play and its relationship to children's learning and development (Bergen, 1987). When focusing on preschool age children, play has been seen as a leading influence on their development (Vygotsky, 1991). Recently researchers have begun to link play with literacy development (Hall, 1991). To understand play and literacy better, both terms will need to be carefully defined and their development examined.


Public Preschools: Are They An Answer?, Robyn Leigh Swisher Jan 1993

Public Preschools: Are They An Answer?, Robyn Leigh Swisher

Graduate Research Papers

In recent years, our nation has become extremely interested in early childhood education (Jorde, 1988). Education of preschoolers has been singled out by President Bush and the State Governors' Commission during their Education Summit in 1989. This is evident by the declaration that was made during this summit that stated "by the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn" (Copple, 1990 p. 5). Youngster's readiness to learn can be harmed because they do not have accessibility to high quality and developmentally appropriate preschool programs. Changes in our society have caused the supply of preschools to …


The Treatment Of Occupational Stress In The Field Of Emergency Medical Services, Patricia A. Boeck Jan 1993

The Treatment Of Occupational Stress In The Field Of Emergency Medical Services, Patricia A. Boeck

Graduate Research Papers

Danger can be exhilarating: going into situations that others fear to consider, being pushed to the edge of one's physical and psychological limits, and having the awareness that one's skills and reactions routinely determine whether another person lives or dies


Reflections On Secondary Principalship: A Reflective Essay, Charles A. Clark Jan 1993

Reflections On Secondary Principalship: A Reflective Essay, Charles A. Clark

Graduate Research Papers

To be an educator is a difficult thing to define. To describe leadership would be an equally difficult task. So when one begins to entertain the notion of educational leadership or principalship, it is a struggle to develop a clear vision of what one would be doing if optimally engaged in the occupation. This paper attempts to clarify the uncertainty surrounding those tasks of educational leadership. Personal beliefs, philosophies, attitudes, knowledge and vision are developed and shared throughout this writing as various aspects or parts of principalship are examined.


The Problems And Remediation Of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome/The Irlen Syndrome, Carol A. Hersom Jan 1993

The Problems And Remediation Of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome/The Irlen Syndrome, Carol A. Hersom

Graduate Research Papers

Throughout the history of education, large numbers of students have experienced significant reading problems. "Despite tutoring, experiential learning, programmed instruction, remedial instruction, special education classes, plus a host of other attempted strategies, most teachers have had students for whom nothing seemed to work" (Adler & Atwood, 1987, p.1). There still remains a group of students with average or above-average intelligence who are not victims of economic, cultural, or environmental deprivation, but have difficulty reading. "Dyslexia is one label that has been used to identify these particular students" (Adler & Atwood, 1987, p. 1).