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Full-Text Articles in Education

It’S Not On The Syllabus: The Case For Policy Writing In Modern Graduate Education, Andrea N. Hunt Apr 2024

It’S Not On The Syllabus: The Case For Policy Writing In Modern Graduate Education, Andrea N. Hunt

Feminist Pedagogy

Graduate students gain experience in a variety with different forms of writing while completing their studies; however, policy writing is less common although it is applicable to a variety of disciplines. Policy writing is an extension of theory and needs to be approached from a feminist perspective. Policy writing can be conceptualized as a critical feminist praxis where graduate students use their disciplinary skills in more applied work to engage in important conversations related to their field of study. This article provides some strategies for policy writing for graduate students that use existing skills such as forming arguments and applying …


Teaching A Credit-Bearing Library Course For Graduate Students: From Proposal To Postmortem, Jill Cirasella Mar 2024

Teaching A Credit-Bearing Library Course For Graduate Students: From Proposal To Postmortem, Jill Cirasella

Transforming Libraries for Graduate Students

For years, library faculty at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York had fantasized about some day offering a credit-bearing course to our master’s and doctoral students. In 2021, we finally transitioned from idle dreams to directed discussion. As we explored how to get a library course on the books at an institution that had never before had one, we had to rethink and rework our plans several times, in unexpected but not unreasonable ways.

For example, we had believed that a one-credit course would be most appropriate—and most palatable to the institution—but we learned that only …


“Roadblocks And Passageways”: Pandemic Lessons For Helping Graduate Students Survive And Thrive In Times Of Crisis, Eunsong Park, Corey S. Shdaimah, Nikita Aggarwal, Amy Garzón-Hampton Feb 2024

“Roadblocks And Passageways”: Pandemic Lessons For Helping Graduate Students Survive And Thrive In Times Of Crisis, Eunsong Park, Corey S. Shdaimah, Nikita Aggarwal, Amy Garzón-Hampton

Journal of Graduate Education Research

Graduate students and universities continue to be challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study explored how U.S. graduate students (n=19) experienced and navigated pandemic challenges to their education using by Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, capital, and field. Respondents’ abilities to manage changes caused by the pandemic were largely dependent on the capital they or their informal networks had and the field where they positioned during pre-pandemic and pandemic. Institutions’ characteristics and supports greatly influenced students’ habitus and sense of belonging. Study respondents’ ability to maintain their educational trajectories was tied to both their assessment of their institution as …


Teaching And Learning Visual And Arts-Based Inquiry: Collaborative Visions And Possibilities In Graduate Education, Lucy E. Bailey, Stacie Warner, Erin E. Davis, Lindsay Myers, Joshua K. Taylor, Andreya Williams Feb 2024

Teaching And Learning Visual And Arts-Based Inquiry: Collaborative Visions And Possibilities In Graduate Education, Lucy E. Bailey, Stacie Warner, Erin E. Davis, Lindsay Myers, Joshua K. Taylor, Andreya Williams

The Qualitative Report

This paper describes a doctoral seminar in visual and arts-based inquiry (V/ABR) to champion the generativity of such approaches for advancing doctoral research. We first describe the social and institutional context of the course and its design to situate the projects and the need for creating institutional spaces to amplify creative inquiry approaches in doctoral education. Then, five researchers reflect on their research approaches, including comics, collaging, critical visual analysis, a virtual walkography, and photo-elicitation. The projects focused on contemporary issues including researcher identity, racial justice, mothering crises, and Christian summer camps, collectively underscoring the productivity of V/ABR inquiry for …


Museum Preparedness In The Digital Age, Mary Jatkowski Jan 2024

Museum Preparedness In The Digital Age, Mary Jatkowski

School of Information Sciences Student Scholarship

In 2001, Neil Beagrie coined the term, “digital curation” at the Digital Preservation Coalition sponsored conference in London. This new term launched a field of study which has since beenadopted by various disciplines within the sciences and humanities. Cultural heritage organizations like libraries and archives adapted the new field, by refining and formalizing standards and practices of digital curation to cater to their diverse cultural and historical collections. LIS graduate programs have embraced the field of study with rigorous curricula like DigCCurr which trains students in the various aspects of curation and preservation, from metadata standards to selection and …


Embracing Identities And Affirming Agency: Exploring Effective Mentorship For Women Doctoral Students In Engineering Disciplines Using An Intersectional Lens, Jennifer Brown Dec 2023

Embracing Identities And Affirming Agency: Exploring Effective Mentorship For Women Doctoral Students In Engineering Disciplines Using An Intersectional Lens, Jennifer Brown

All Dissertations

Positive mentoring experiences are crucial for retaining and advancing those who hold marginalized identities in STEM, as they foster a greater sense of belonging and self-efficacy that encourage these students to persist in their fields. Marginalized identities in STEM include, but are not limited to, women, BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color), low-income, first-generation, neurodivergent, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. Oftentimes, these identities intersect, introduce additional nuance in interactions within engineering spaces, and affect the mentoring support that both mentees and their mentors require.

Prior research has shown the reciprocal value that is created when graduate students are …


Exploring First Semester Allied Health Students’ Transition To Graduate School Through The Lens Of Occupational Adaptation, Carly E. Williams, Jessica N. O'Brien, Rebecca E. Dodick, Jillian M. Bell, Jennifer O. Knauth, Lorrie A. George-Paschal, Nancy Krusen, Jacquie Rainey Sep 2023

Exploring First Semester Allied Health Students’ Transition To Graduate School Through The Lens Of Occupational Adaptation, Carly E. Williams, Jessica N. O'Brien, Rebecca E. Dodick, Jillian M. Bell, Jennifer O. Knauth, Lorrie A. George-Paschal, Nancy Krusen, Jacquie Rainey

Innovations in Health Sciences Education Journal

The purpose of the study was to examine experiences of students transitioning into graduate allied health programs within a public university in the United States. Researchers assessed students’ occupational adaptation as well as factors that facilitated and inhibited their transition. Researchers collected data using the Relative Mastery Scale (RMS) (George-Paschal, Krusen, & Fan, 2022) and a researcher-developed transition survey. Participants included 129 students from three allied-health professions. Researchers conducted a mixed ANOVA to explore differences in RMS ratings across three disciplines. There was a statistically significant increase in RMS ratings over time for all disciplines and statistically significant differences between …


Best Practices For Edd Comprehensive Exams And Capstone Projects: Students' Attitudes And Perspectives Of Outcomes In An Online Program, Masha Krsmanovic, Holly A. Foster Aug 2023

Best Practices For Edd Comprehensive Exams And Capstone Projects: Students' Attitudes And Perspectives Of Outcomes In An Online Program, Masha Krsmanovic, Holly A. Foster

Faculty Publications

This research was guided by a problem of practice experienced by an EdD program, which transitioned to a fully online modality during the pandemic and rapidly grew in enrollment. The problem evaluated was ensuring the redesigned program milestones – capstone and comprehensive exam – are feasible given the size of the program. The current study utilized descriptive research design to provide a comprehensive description of educational phenomena. The study was conducted at a large, public research university in the South. A total of 316 students enrolled in the program and were invited to complete the survey, of which 131 responses …


Balancing Act: A Study Of Graduate Student-Parents And Their Experiences Navigating Family And Academic Demands At The University Of San Diego., Jessica Rammell May 2023

Balancing Act: A Study Of Graduate Student-Parents And Their Experiences Navigating Family And Academic Demands At The University Of San Diego., Jessica Rammell

M.A. in Higher Education Leadership: Action Research Projects

The purpose of this study was to learn about the experiences of graduate students who are raising children while enrolled in master’s and PhD programs at the University of San Diego. The question that guided this research was: What do the stories of graduate student parents inform us about the need to improve policies and practices at USD? Three cycles of action research were conducted at the University of San Diego between November 2022 and March 2023, with a total of seven participants. The methods of research included focus groups, interviews, and a creative group session. It was found that …


The Use Of Self-Study In Health Professional Higher Education And Medical Education - A Mixed-Method Systematic Review, Slavko Rogan, Jan Taeymans, Evert Zinzen Apr 2023

The Use Of Self-Study In Health Professional Higher Education And Medical Education - A Mixed-Method Systematic Review, Slavko Rogan, Jan Taeymans, Evert Zinzen

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Health profession education and medical education should implement primarily active learning units in the curriculum. Self-study/guided self-study is such a tool that promotes active learning, a method that involves students in their learning process. The implementation of active learning is intended to develop or consolidate practical skills (hands-on). This mixed-method systematic review evaluated the of self-study/guided self-study in the university landscape for health professions education and medical education. Another goal was to foster awareness of the method self-study/guided self-study. Method: A systematic literature search in CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Additionally, a manual search …


A Participatory Exercise In Developing Syllabi With Adult Learners, Laneshia Conner, V. Nikki Jones, Jason P. Johnston Apr 2023

A Participatory Exercise In Developing Syllabi With Adult Learners, Laneshia Conner, V. Nikki Jones, Jason P. Johnston

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here.

Transformative participatory approaches in education are positioned to challenge traditional models where instructors bear all responsibility for knowledge creation and learners are passive recipients of knowledge. The promotion of participatory learning and critical pedagogy is essential to helping professionals seeking to understand oppressive structural barriers and employing strategies to dismantle these structures. This article describes a participatory approach undertaken to guide learners through an exercise to co-create syllabus content in a graduate social work course. Learners identified three themes, concerns, fears, and problems, related to the course material. Learners were also …


Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring 2023 Apr 2023

Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring 2023

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

The full-length Spring 2023 issue (Volume 7, Issue 1) of the Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version (with downloadable EPUB format) here.

The Spring 2023 issue presents research and guidance on topics related to student self-reflection, participatory learning, and returning to the in-person learning following the COVID-19 pandemic. The first article takes a critical approach to understanding pedagogy with adult learners by involving students in the creation of course syllabi as a way to challenge ideologies related the roles of instructor and students. The second article blends research and narrative to explore how the experiences of …


A Case Study Of Successful Graduate School, Elsa-Sofia Morote, Nalini Singh, Judith Jeremie Feb 2023

A Case Study Of Successful Graduate School, Elsa-Sofia Morote, Nalini Singh, Judith Jeremie

Journal of Graduate Education Research

Data indicate that out of the thirty-eight percent of the doctoral students who graduated in the United States, 24% are students of color. This case study examined the lived experiences of doctoral educational leadership alumni of a college in New York with an 88% graduation rate, 60% of which were students of color. The graduates of this program were consistently successful educational leaders. This study focused on three areas of the college’s graduate program: the process of selection, retention, and post-graduation success. It included document analysis as well as in-depth interviews with alumni, faculty, and administrators. Thirty-two alumni responded to …


Differentiating The Edd And The Phd In Higher Education: A Survey Of Characteristics And Trends, Holly A. Foster, Steven Chesnut, James Thomas, Courtney Robinson Feb 2023

Differentiating The Edd And The Phd In Higher Education: A Survey Of Characteristics And Trends, Holly A. Foster, Steven Chesnut, James Thomas, Courtney Robinson

Faculty Publications

Purpose: Higher education, as a field of study, is one of the few programmatic areas that offer two doctoral degrees: The Doctor of Education (EdD) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). In the United States, the two degrees are often conflated. Conversations, to this point, have done more to contribute to the theoretical debate than to operationally distinguish between the two degree paths.

Method: The current study analyzed data collected from a review of the 188 doctoral programs at 145 institutions listed with the Association for the Study of Higher Education (ASHE). Results: Results suggest that while there …


Fy2022 Annual Report Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of The Dean Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Adedeji B. Badiru Jan 2023

Fy2022 Annual Report Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Office Of The Dean Of The Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Adedeji B. Badiru

AFIT Documents

The annual report is published each year by AFIT’s Office of the Dean, Graduate School of Engineering and Management at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. It shares information about the activities of the Graduate School with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF), Department of Defense (DoD), and wider public.


Is It Actually Reliable? Examining Statistical Methods For Inter-Rater Reliability Of A Rubric In Graduate Education, Brent J. Goertzen, Kaley Klaus Jan 2023

Is It Actually Reliable? Examining Statistical Methods For Inter-Rater Reliability Of A Rubric In Graduate Education, Brent J. Goertzen, Kaley Klaus

Leadership Faculty Publications

When evaluating student learning, educators often employ scoring rubrics, for which quality can be determined through evaluating validity and reliability. This article discusses the norming process utilized in a graduate organizational leadership program for a capstone scoring rubric. Concepts of validity and reliability are discussed, as is the development of a scoring rubric. Various statistical measures of inter-rater reliability are presented and effectiveness of those measures are discussed. Our findings indicated that inter-rater reliability can be achieved in graduate scoring rubrics, though the strength of reliability varies substantially based on the selected statistical measure. Recommendations for determining validity and measuring …


Education Based On Graduate Marginalized Perspective, Bryanna Edwards Jan 2023

Education Based On Graduate Marginalized Perspective, Bryanna Edwards

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The United States Education system has received many budget cuts throughout the years. Sixty-six percent of Americans believe that the United States Education system needs major changes or to be rebuilt (Pew Research, 2013). There has been much debate regarding the first step toward reform. To begin to answer this question this research investigated some of the most restrictive educational spaces.

The most available and beneficial first steps to reform lie in the minds and practices within the educational institution. This research could lead to cultivating more inclusive policies and practices, to serve an increasingly diverse student population. Although disciplines …


An Autoethnograpy Of A Baby Boomer In Higher Education: Challenges And Catalysts For Change, Deborra Finlan Dec 2022

An Autoethnograpy Of A Baby Boomer In Higher Education: Challenges And Catalysts For Change, Deborra Finlan

Theses & Dissertations

Higher education as a baby boomer brings mental, physical, and economic adjustments, concerns, and insecurities. Additionally, life delivers unexpected challenges and barriers which can cause hardships requiring various types of motivation. Fortunately, there are also catalysts which can contribute toward successes. Literature from four major elements were the focus in this study: motivation, adult learning, challenges, barriers, and catalysts. Theorists and theories included Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation with the added factor of cost, and Ryan and Deci’s theory on self-determination; Mezirow’s transformative learning and Knowles’s self-directed learning; Cross’s theory on educational barriers—situational, dispositional, and institutional; and Cobb’s social support …


Etd Formatting And Reviewing: Hot Topics And Questions, Larry Tague, Sally Evans, Lily Compton, Stacy Wallace, Ericka Findley, Lee Spence Sep 2022

Etd Formatting And Reviewing: Hot Topics And Questions, Larry Tague, Sally Evans, Lily Compton, Stacy Wallace, Ericka Findley, Lee Spence

ETD Conferences and Academic Works

One of the most important products from university graduate programs is highly qualified professionals. Ultimately, student success is one measure of a university’s academic quality. But another measure of academic quality is the institution’s online continuous display of ETDs. This display is a public picture of content and style representing the students and their university. Thus, ETD administrators are tasked not only with the format reviews but also the continuous improvements in all aspects of the ETD workflow to ensure the integrity of their institutions’ public-facing ETDs.

To facilitate the plenary discussion about ETD formatting and reviewing for differentsized institutions …


A Glimpse Into Urology Medical School Education: A Multi-Institutional Medical Student Survey, David Fu, Jesus Perez, Jinfeng Jiang, Christopher M. Deibert Jul 2022

A Glimpse Into Urology Medical School Education: A Multi-Institutional Medical Student Survey, David Fu, Jesus Perez, Jinfeng Jiang, Christopher M. Deibert

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Introduction: Urological education and exposure for medical students is imperative as we face a growing geriatric population with increased urological needs. Previous research has examined American Urological Association (AUA) program director opinions of student exposure, but no surveys have been directed at current medical students. The purpose of this study is to quantify student exposure to and opinions of urology to determine precipitating factors that lead students towards or away from urology as a specialty of choice.

Methods: A 14 question (11 multiple choice and 3 fill-in-the blank) Google Survey was developed. Questions ranged from student exposure to urology, consideration …


Re-Conceptualizing Ethical Practices In Adult Education In Contemporary Society Using An Ethics-Centered Practice, Mitsunori Misawa, Patricia J. Higgins Jan 2022

Re-Conceptualizing Ethical Practices In Adult Education In Contemporary Society Using An Ethics-Centered Practice, Mitsunori Misawa, Patricia J. Higgins

Adult Education Research Conference

This presentation will focus on re-conceptualizing and exploring ethical practices in adult education from the previous literature on ethics and developing an ethics-centered practice for modern adult education.


Barriers To Completing Bachelor’S Degrees For Nontraditional Nebraska Students, Melba Dinorah Fix-Padilla Jan 2022

Barriers To Completing Bachelor’S Degrees For Nontraditional Nebraska Students, Melba Dinorah Fix-Padilla

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractNontraditional students in Nebraska colleges have lower graduation rates than traditional students. Approximately 40% of nontraditional students at a private college withdraw before completing a degree. The purpose of this qualitative study was to discover barriers preventing nontraditional students from completing a degree. The conceptual frameworks were Tinto’s student integration model and Bean’s student attrition model, which involve financial, social, and academic completion resources. Research questions involve financial, social, and academic challenges preventing nontraditional students from completing a degree. The sample consisted of eight nontraditional undergraduate students between the ages of 25 to 65, an undergraduate administrator, and a focus …


Interrogating Whiteness In Graduate Education Culture: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Southeast Asian American Graduate Student Experiences, Lesley Nina Sisaket Jan 2022

Interrogating Whiteness In Graduate Education Culture: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Southeast Asian American Graduate Student Experiences, Lesley Nina Sisaket

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand the role that whiteness has in shaping the graduate education experiences of Southeast Asian American students in the United States. This study explores two research questions. 1) How do Southeast Asian American graduate students describe their graduate education? 2) How do Southeast Asian American graduate students describe concepts of whiteness, if any, throughout their graduate education? According to the experiences from six selfidentifying Southeast Asian American students, their graduate education experiences were described to be racially taxing, unchallenging, and isolating experiences. These findings stemmed from their graduate education experiences, which …


Ouachita Launches Graduate Dietetic Internship During Pandemic, Rachel Gaddis, Office Of Communications & Marketing Dec 2021

Ouachita Launches Graduate Dietetic Internship During Pandemic, Rachel Gaddis, Office Of Communications & Marketing

Press Releases

To say you started anything new in 2020 would, well, raise eyebrows – especially launching something as involved and hands-on as an academic program including clinical healthcare. But that’s exactly what Ouachita did during the 2020-2021 academic year, launching its first graduate programs in more than 20 years. The new programs are producing quick fruit, with seven students earning Ouachita’s first-ever post-baccalaureate certificate for dietetic internships in May 2021. (The first cohort of applied behavior analysis master’s degree students will graduate in August 2021.)

“Ten years ago, the placement rate for nutrition & dietetics students in a post-graduate internship was …


Think-Pair-Share As A Springboard For Study Buddies In A Virtual Environment, Philip J. Sembert Ii, Paul J. Vermette, Frank Lyman, Marry Ellen Bardsley, Carolyn Snell Dec 2021

Think-Pair-Share As A Springboard For Study Buddies In A Virtual Environment, Philip J. Sembert Ii, Paul J. Vermette, Frank Lyman, Marry Ellen Bardsley, Carolyn Snell

Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning

Many powerful teaching techniques have not yet fully transitioned from face-to-face use to the new remote instructional paradigm forced on teacher educators and teacher candidates during the pandemic. Experiences by candidates and by instructors in this new environment need to be compiled and shared as we head forward into structures and situations. This article describes how one such technique, Think-Pair-Share (Lyman, 1981) inspired assigning Study Buddies in a co-taught graduate level teacher education course, Managing Culturally Responsive Classrooms, in the summer of 2020. Two teacher candidates, two professors and Dr. Frank Lyman, offer insight and suggestions about this practice, its …


Academics’ Understandings Of The Literacy Needs Of International Graduate Students, Edwin Creely, Raqib Chowdhury, Jane Southcott Dec 2021

Academics’ Understandings Of The Literacy Needs Of International Graduate Students, Edwin Creely, Raqib Chowdhury, Jane Southcott

The Qualitative Report

This article critically explores the understandings about the English academic literacy needs of international graduate students from the perspective of academic teaching staff in a Faculty of Education at a large Australian university. Research suggests that international graduate students for whom English is another language, on coming to English speaking countries, acquire English academic literacies as part of a complex set of academic competencies needed for successful graduate study. In this study, 16 academic teaching staff participated in focus groups and revealed their understandings and practices about academic literacies in the context of their experiences of working with international graduate …


Teaching Students How To Code Qualitative Data: An Experiential Activity Sequence For Training Novice Educational Researchers, Jennifer E. Lineback Aug 2021

Teaching Students How To Code Qualitative Data: An Experiential Activity Sequence For Training Novice Educational Researchers, Jennifer E. Lineback

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

Coursework on qualitative research methods is common in many collegiate departments, including psychology, nursing, sociology, and education. Instructors for these courses must identify meaningful activities to support their students’ learning of the domain. This paper presents the components of an experiential activity sequence centered on coding and coding scheme development. Each of the three component activities of this sequence is elaborated, as are the students’ experiences during their participation in the activities. Additionally, the issues concerning coding and coding scheme development that typically emerge from students’ participation in these activities are discussed. Results from implementations of both in-person (face-to-face) and …


Cultivating Graduate Stem Pathways: How Alliance-Based Stem Enrichment Programs Broker Opportunity For Students Of Color, Ariana L. Garcia, Tonisha B. Lane, Blanca E. Rincón Jul 2021

Cultivating Graduate Stem Pathways: How Alliance-Based Stem Enrichment Programs Broker Opportunity For Students Of Color, Ariana L. Garcia, Tonisha B. Lane, Blanca E. Rincón

Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Higher Education Faculty Research

To understand how higher education institutions broker graduate opportunities for Students of Color (SOCs) in STEM, we employ a single case study of a Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) alliance. Drawing primarily from student interviews and informed by Small’s (2006) organizational brokerage theory, our findings illuminate how 1) alliance-based STEM enrichment programs (SEPs) bridge social capital via interorganizational networks and 2) how SEP instability creates barriers to building the trust that is central to the brokerage process. We conclude with recommendations for future research and practice.


The Impact Of A Cultural Competence Assessment Tool On Teaching Strategies In The Dnp Curriculum At Southern Illinois University Of Edwardsville, Katarina Dobrosavljevic May 2021

The Impact Of A Cultural Competence Assessment Tool On Teaching Strategies In The Dnp Curriculum At Southern Illinois University Of Edwardsville, Katarina Dobrosavljevic

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Providing culturally competent and culturally congruent care to patients leads to better outcomes and reduction of poor outcomes due to health disparities. Providing care that is not culturally congruent can contribute to communication barriers, resulting in deficient diagnostic testing, miscommunication about etiologies, treatment plans that are not individualized, and discounting of patient's ideas. Individuals from diverse cultures face health disparities which contribute to inadequate care and poor outcomes. The purpose of this project was to survey former graduates of the Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville (SIUE) family nurse practitioner (FNP) program to assess their level of cultural competence and areas …


Gender Involvement At The Graduate Level, Ann Elizabeth Nitsche Apr 2021

Gender Involvement At The Graduate Level, Ann Elizabeth Nitsche

Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative research study identifies the attitudes and opinions of the target population on identifying a gender gap in graduate-level education. The target population consists of 28 female graduate students enrolled in the spring 2021 semester at Rowan University. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge about the gender gap and female involvement within the graduate programs at Rowan University, a public research university located in Glassboro, New Jersey. The literature review for the study examines the current research on a woman's place within the realm of higher education. It also discusses the background of women's education …