Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Education Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

PDF

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year

Articles 361 - 390 of 2554

Full-Text Articles in Education

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of Christian Leaders' Competency Development Experience: Prepared To Equip The Laity, Shamekia Shonta' Smith-Tucker Jul 2023

A Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of Christian Leaders' Competency Development Experience: Prepared To Equip The Laity, Shamekia Shonta' Smith-Tucker

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Research indicates that missional or nondenominational U.S. churches may include more than 60,000 such churches, representing at least 12 million followers (Thumma, 2020). Additionally, some ministry leaders predict denominational affiliation will wane over the next decade (Earls, 2021a), as will the training and other support they offer. The purpose of this phenomenological study will be to assess and understand the experiences of missional ministry leaders after participation in a structured or unstructured competency development program and their ensuing dynamic engagement in ministry. Dynamic engagement will be defined as "fully engaged and intentional" (MacFarland, 2019, para. 1), as evidenced by implementing …


A Phenomenological Study: Exploring African American Community College Students' First-Year Experiences With College Adjustment And Persistence, Tiffany Nicole Baker Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Study: Exploring African American Community College Students' First-Year Experiences With College Adjustment And Persistence, Tiffany Nicole Baker

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore African American community college students' first-year experiences with college adjustment and persistence at a two-year, predominantly White community college. Tinto's (1975) institutional departure theory which merges the constructs of social psychology and institutional climate was used in this study to analyze how social integration impacts African American community college student’s first-year college adjustment experiences. Tinto’s (1975) theory asserts that college students who experience an inadequate amount of social integration or view themselves as being of trivial value in the social and academic systems of a higher education institution, decrease in institutional …


A Phenomenological Understanding Of K-12 Leaders’ Lived Experiences Of Changing From Teacher-Centered Practices To Student-Centered Practices, Claudia Burregi Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Understanding Of K-12 Leaders’ Lived Experiences Of Changing From Teacher-Centered Practices To Student-Centered Practices, Claudia Burregi

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand the process of changing from teacher-centered practices to student-centered practices for K-12 educational leaders at Blue Ocean school district (pseudonym) in Louisiana to equip students with 21st-century skills. The theory guiding this study is Lewin’s change theory, which undergirds the premise that as individuals embrace change, they are better equipped to support the vision of why change is needed, ultimately leading to lasting change. A transcendental study was used to capture the essence of the change from TCL to SCL experience of ten educational leaders from seven schools in BOSD …


A Phenomenological Study That Examines The Perseverance Of Young Single Mothers Who Have Earned A College Degree, Christine Marie Kirkpatrick Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Study That Examines The Perseverance Of Young Single Mothers Who Have Earned A College Degree, Christine Marie Kirkpatrick

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand perseverance in young single mothers who have earned a college degree. The theory guiding this study is Duckworth’s theory of grit since many students who complete undergraduate degrees experience barriers related to the components of grit. Participants for this study were single mothers who have completed a college degree from an institution of higher learning in central Pennsylvania by the age of thirty. Data for the study were collected utilizing one-on-one interviews, personal timelines, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using Moustakas’ data analysis processes, including horizonalization, reduction, and …


Interdisciplinary Studies In General Music Education: Enhancing Learning Across Content Areas, Tara Kathleen Roof Stradley Jul 2023

Interdisciplinary Studies In General Music Education: Enhancing Learning Across Content Areas, Tara Kathleen Roof Stradley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Some perspectives of educators and community members in small rural school districts fail to see the academic benefits of music education and the importance of integrated forms of study, despite the many clear connections that can be seen between the general music curriculum and other content areas such as math and language arts. Interdisciplinary studies in general music education are essential for student growth across content areas. This study reveals the importance of music integration and interdisciplinary music studies in small rural elementary schools. It gives example lessons of mathematics and language arts in the elementary music curricula. Guided by …


The Second And Third-Year College Experiences Of Online Nontraditional Adult Learners Following An Online Remedial English Course, Jenny Marie Walter Jul 2023

The Second And Third-Year College Experiences Of Online Nontraditional Adult Learners Following An Online Remedial English Course, Jenny Marie Walter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the experiences of nontraditional adult learners (NALs) in online education who persist after completing an online remedial English course. This study sought to answer the central question, “What is the motivation of NALs taking all online courses who persist to their second or third year of school after completing at least one remedial English course?” The theories that guided this study were Knowles’ (1977, 1980) theory on andragogy, Deci and Ryan’s (1985) self-determination theory, specifically, organismic integration theory and cognitive evaluation theory, and Tinto’s (1975) theory on attrition as there …


The Lived Experiences Of Student-Parents In Higher Education Who Utilize The Childcare Program At Eastern Community College: A Phenomenological Study, Kindra Lawanda Moore-Smith Jul 2023

The Lived Experiences Of Student-Parents In Higher Education Who Utilize The Childcare Program At Eastern Community College: A Phenomenological Study, Kindra Lawanda Moore-Smith

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of student-parents who use the Parents for Higher Education program at Eastern Community College. The theory that guided this study was McClusky’s theory of margin, which addresses the support and services adults need to accomplish their goals in life. This framework provided a connection that explained the importance of childcare subsidies and the needs met while attending classes for community college students—the transcendental phenomenology approach used. The setting for this study was the virtual platform Zoom. The study was conducted using 10 participants, all student-parents who participated in the …


Discouragement And Supportive Relationships In Latin Pastors Planting Churches In Virginia, North Carolina, And Tennessee, Jeannette Arroyo Jul 2023

Discouragement And Supportive Relationships In Latin Pastors Planting Churches In Virginia, North Carolina, And Tennessee, Jeannette Arroyo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The present study investigated the impact of discouragement on Latin pastors planting churches in the missionary field and provided a psychological resource for pastors coping with the challenge. Due to their unique characteristics, supportive relationships were investigated regarding how it impacts the variable of discouragement due to emotional exhaustion and the absence of self-care (Williams, 2019). Since pastors and ministers face this challenge regularly (Stott, 2014), exploring networks for support and help in distress is essential. Social constructivists see motivation as a social phenomenon crucial for individuals, and the Adlerian Theory (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2017) calls attention to relationships and …


A Quantitative Examination Of Emotional Intelligence Among Primary And Secondary School Principals In The Guam Department Of Education, Forrest Ceasar Anderson Chargualaf Jul 2023

A Quantitative Examination Of Emotional Intelligence Among Primary And Secondary School Principals In The Guam Department Of Education, Forrest Ceasar Anderson Chargualaf

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative study aims to evaluate the Guam Department of Education (GDOE) primary and secondary school principals’ emotional intelligence in Guam to inform emotional intelligence-based professional development training. The significance of the study is it establishes an emotional intelligence baseline for GDOE and yields contextual data to help create emotional intelligence-based professional development for GDOE school principals. The study is a non-experimental, correlational quantitative research design with a proposed sample size of 84 GDOE school principals, consisting of two populations: GDOE primary (42) and secondary school principals (42). From the sample pool of 84 school principals, 45 school participants met …


The Experiences Of Co-Teachers Who Co-Taught Virtually During Covid-19: A Qualitative Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Carmean Deona Matthews Jul 2023

The Experiences Of Co-Teachers Who Co-Taught Virtually During Covid-19: A Qualitative Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Carmean Deona Matthews

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This hermeneutic phenomenological study aimed to describe and understand the experiences of online co-teaching through the perspectives of general education and special education co-teachers at the middle school level during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study followed Bandura’s social cognitive theory, emphasizing self-efficacy and reciprocal determinism as it explains how people think, feel, motivate themselves, and behave. The study answered the following overarching research question: How do co-teachers perceive their ability to implement all-online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic? The school setting for this study is Sunny County Public Schools (pseudonym), a suburban public school district in East Georgia. The researcher …


Go On…Shatter It! A Qualitative Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of Gender-Based Prejudices Of Senior-Level Women Administrators At Community Colleges Across Texas, Janene Marie Dotts Jul 2023

Go On…Shatter It! A Qualitative Transcendental Phenomenological Study Of Gender-Based Prejudices Of Senior-Level Women Administrators At Community Colleges Across Texas, Janene Marie Dotts

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of the qualitative transcendental phenomenological study aimed to understand the gender-based prejudices and obstacles and barriers for women pursuing senior leadership roles at community college in Texas. The Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice toward Female Leaders, plays an essential part in understanding how women were perceived when in a leadership position, guides this study. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and letter writing were conducted with 14 women who had achieved senior-level administration roles at a community college. By horizontalizing, reducing, and ultimately determining a composite structural description or substance of participants' experiences, Moustakas' phenomenological analysis method was used to …


The Cause-Effect Relationship Between Student Engagement And Numerical Scores In Residential Higher Education Facs Courses, Chelsea Jade Milks Jul 2023

The Cause-Effect Relationship Between Student Engagement And Numerical Scores In Residential Higher Education Facs Courses, Chelsea Jade Milks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The presence of student engagement is believed to increase student achievement. Student achievement can be measured by school attainment, student attitudes, retention rates, course depletion, and numerical grades. Studies have examined the effect of student engagement on student achievement in online and blended modalities, but minimally in face-to-face learning. Researchers have inspected the relationship between student engagement, achievement, and program retention in residential Family and Consumer Sciences (FACS) programs, with the belief that greater engagement in these programs can improve retention and achievement scores. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine the relationship between student engagement and …


Instructors’ Experiences With Employing Kinesthetic Instructional Strategies In Gatekeeper Community College Courses: A Single Holistic Case Study, Jodie S. Hogan Jul 2023

Instructors’ Experiences With Employing Kinesthetic Instructional Strategies In Gatekeeper Community College Courses: A Single Holistic Case Study, Jodie S. Hogan

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative, single holistic case study was to understand how community college instructors use kinesthetic instructional strategies to engage students enrolled in gatekeeper college courses at a community college in the Northeastern United States. The theory guiding this study was domains of learning theory, as it explains how faculty approach instruction according to how students experience the six levels of the cognitive taxonomy and provides a foundation for the consideration of how the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains are intertwined. A qualitative methodology with a single case study design was used to address the central research question, …


A Phenomenological Study: Factors Influencing Faculty Attitude Toward Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly A. Waltman-Payne Jul 2023

A Phenomenological Study: Factors Influencing Faculty Attitude Toward Online Teaching During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly A. Waltman-Payne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the factors that influenced the faculty’s lived experiences and perceived preparedness when transitioning to fully online courses in response to the COVID-19 crisis, for full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. The central research question for the research was “What factors, such as professional development and other training, related to online learning, influenced faculty attitudes and perceptions of preparedness, as they transitioned to online teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020?” Ten participants were selected using a random sample drawn from full-time faculty members at Greenhill College, North Branch. Data collection …


Describing The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Teachers Addressing The Unique Needs Of Black And Marginalized Twice-Exceptional Students: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Toyka-Eve Whitley Jul 2023

Describing The Lived Experiences Of K-12 Teachers Addressing The Unique Needs Of Black And Marginalized Twice-Exceptional Students: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Toyka-Eve Whitley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of K-12 teachers addressing the unique needs of Black and marginalized twice-exceptional students in the United States. At this stage in the research, Black and marginalized twice-exceptional (2e) students are minority students that are gifted students that have a disability. The theory guiding this study was the teacher expectancy theory. This study was a transcendental phenomenological study. The study took place in the United States. Pseudonyms were used to protect the identities of the participants. The central research question asked, what are the lived experiences of teachers addressing …


The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On The Achievement Of Chronically Absent Grade 5 Students, Sakeena Alexandra Ash-Cary Jul 2023

The Impact Of Socioeconomic Status On The Achievement Of Chronically Absent Grade 5 Students, Sakeena Alexandra Ash-Cary

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Chronic absenteeism has been shown to be a strong predictor of student achievement. However, there is a lack of research studies that examine if differences exist among chronically absent students in Title I and non-Title I settings. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to determine if socioeconomic status imparts any additional impacts on the achievement of chronically absent students as measured by the Virginia SOLs. The data collected include achievement data from the Virginia SOLs. A quantitative research design was used to examine, analyze, and compare standardized mathematics, English, and science test scores along with attendance rates of fifth …


Hybrid Teacher Professional Development Experiences: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Laura Francis Jun 2023

Hybrid Teacher Professional Development Experiences: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Laura Francis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study is to describe the lived experiences of teachers’ hybrid professional development in a Northern California Title I school district. The conceptual framework guiding this study is Desimone’s professional development framework, as it synthesizes research into five core features that change teachers’ beliefs and practices: content focus, active learning, coherence, duration, and collective participation. A transcendental study was used to capture the essence of the hybrid professional development experiences of ten teachers from six schools in a Title 1 district in the second year of an equity hybrid teacher professional development (TPD). Data …


The Role Of Elementary Teacher Experience On Classroom Management Self-Efficacy: A Causal Comparative Study, Emily Marie Dixon Jun 2023

The Role Of Elementary Teacher Experience On Classroom Management Self-Efficacy: A Causal Comparative Study, Emily Marie Dixon

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative causal-comparative study sought to determine if there was a difference in self-efficacy with classroom management between different levels of experience among teachers: pre-service, novice, mid-career, and late-career. Classroom management is an aspect of education that many teachers have famously struggled with, resulting in an increasing number of teachers leaving the field. Strong classroom management self-efficacy among teachers results in higher confidence levels for managing disruptions and unwanted behavior within the classroom. For this study, 166 participants were drawn from a convenience sample of elementary, public, and charter school teachers and pre-service teacher candidates from universities within the state …


Elementary School Teachers' Pedagogical Digital Competency And Self-Efficacy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multiple Case Study, Teerath Kaur Grewal Jun 2023

Elementary School Teachers' Pedagogical Digital Competency And Self-Efficacy During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Multiple Case Study, Teerath Kaur Grewal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the pedagogical digital competence and self-efficacy of educators from Delta Technology Elementary School and MacArthur Elementary School during emergency remote teaching of the 2020-2021 school year caused by the Covid-19 crisis. Previous research has shown that factors such as competency and self-efficacy as primary elements that immensely influence the educator’s ability to integrate technology in a classroom. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, which explains the educator’s ability to integrate educational technology within instructional practices successfully. Qualitative multiple case study was used to explore the challenges and …


A Case Study Involving External Stakeholder Perceptions Of Factors Related To Effective Community College Civic Engagement, Matthew David Little Jun 2023

A Case Study Involving External Stakeholder Perceptions Of Factors Related To Effective Community College Civic Engagement, Matthew David Little

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to understand external stakeholder perceptions regarding factors related to effective community college civic engagement. The theory guiding this study was empowerment theory, as it allowed for exploring community-academic partnerships through a lens focused on community psychology, linking individual well-being with the larger social and political environment. Purposeful and convenience sampling were used to identify and select 18 highly qualified members of the Riverside Chamber of Commerce. Data collection and analysis were ongoing, emergent, and interrelated processes. Sources of data included individual document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Data analysis involved examining, …


A Phenomenological Analysis Of Teacher Experiences Regarding Training And Support Towards Inclusionary Practices, Dana Debianca Mosca Jun 2023

A Phenomenological Analysis Of Teacher Experiences Regarding Training And Support Towards Inclusionary Practices, Dana Debianca Mosca

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study will be to describe the experiences regarding the training and support concerning inclusionary practices for elementary school teachers at the BWC school. The theory guiding this study is Bandura’s social cognitive theory as it focuses on how adults learn through observation, receiving immediate feedback, and putting their skills into practice through enactive and vicarious learning experiences. Twelve participants will be selected for this study, from a rural elementary school located in the northeastern United States. Respondents will be comprised of 6 general education teachers and 6 special education teachers, who have experience teaching …


Embracing Diverse Thinkers: A Case Study Examining The Graduation Rates From A High Autism College Student Population, Beverly Donovan Jun 2023

Embracing Diverse Thinkers: A Case Study Examining The Graduation Rates From A High Autism College Student Population, Beverly Donovan

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to describe how Alpha College, a private college in the southeastern United States with high neurodiverse enrollment, generates uniquely high graduation rates for its autistic student population. The case study answers the following central question: CQ) How does Alpha College, a private college in the southeastern United States with high neurodiverse enrollment, generate high graduation rates for its autistic student population? The intrinsic case design focused on the case itself; Alpha College observes uniquely high graduation rates of autistic students. This study was guided by Blume and Singers' social stigma theory and …


Developing Strategies To Implement The D.W.S. Program Of Liberty University In South Korea, Taeseong Kim Jun 2023

Developing Strategies To Implement The D.W.S. Program Of Liberty University In South Korea, Taeseong Kim

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study suggests practical strategies to implement the Doctor of Worship Studies program of Liberty University in South Korea. In the past several decades, Christian worship in South Korea has followed America’s footsteps of worship transition. As many Christian leaders in the U.S. have agreed on the urgency of worship renewal, so have Christian leaders in South Korea. True worship must be relational with the Triune God, which is the core of Christian worship. When worship lacks a rightful relationship with God, it becomes human-centered and ritualistic. Worship renewal must flow from the worship leaders to laypeople, and it is …


Challenging The Gifted Learner Virtually: A Phenomenological Study, Amanda Jeane Price Jun 2023

Challenging The Gifted Learner Virtually: A Phenomenological Study, Amanda Jeane Price

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of core academic middle school teachers with differentiating instruction and assessment for gifted and talented students in rural southern Maryland. Two theories providing the theoretical framework for this study include Bandura’s self-efficacy theory and McClelland’s achievement-motivation theory These two theories explain learning experiences and interactions between the learner and the instructor while addressing the educator’s efficacy in challenging gifted learners within the virtual classroom. The central research question that guided this research was, “What are the shared lived experiences among select middle school, core academic, teachers when differentiating …


A Comparative Study Of The Marching Bands At Four Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Taylor Leonard Whitehead Jun 2023

A Comparative Study Of The Marching Bands At Four Historically Black Colleges And Universities, Taylor Leonard Whitehead

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Since the late nineteenth century, marching bands have served as an integral component of the fabric of Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) campuses. In addition to performing for millions of fans annually, HBCU marching bands serve as brand ambassadors for their university's communities. Marching bands at four HBCUs from the southeastern United States comprised the sample for this study. Despite their many successes, each band experiences significant challenges, including declining school enrollment, limited recruitment opportunities, low retention rates, insufficient budgets and staffing, hazing allegations, and increasingly expensive travel costs. More research currently needs to be done that details the …


Teaching Students With Autism In An Inclusive Environment: A Case Study, Corey Antione Brooks Jun 2023

Teaching Students With Autism In An Inclusive Environment: A Case Study, Corey Antione Brooks

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to understand the perspectives and experiences of general education teachers who teach high school students with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive education with respect to challenges teachers face, strategies and interventions they use to manage the classroom, and relationships they build to create an environment where students with autism spectrum disorder can learn and grow. Participants were identified via purposeful criterion sampling procedures, based on general education teachers in inclusive education. The setting for this study was an inclusive classroom in a public senior high school in North Carolina, referred to herein as …


The Relationship Between Flexible Seating And Math Self-Efficacy For Elementary Math Teachers In Northeast Ohio, Lorna-Marie Waters Jun 2023

The Relationship Between Flexible Seating And Math Self-Efficacy For Elementary Math Teachers In Northeast Ohio, Lorna-Marie Waters

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this paper is to examine flexible seating and how it can be used to improve achievement in math. Based on the constructivist theory, flexible seating is defined as providing a variety of furniture options for seating that can be easily reconfigured to meet a variety of educational needs, including collaborative work. The purpose of this causal-comparative study is to determine if a statistical difference exists between the use of flexible seating during math instruction (independent variable) and math teacher self-efficacy (dependent variable). This study employed the TSES, short to measure teacher self-efficacy of a teacher who uses …


Feeling The Burn: A Phenomenological Study On Burnout Among Adjunct Professors At Higher Education Institutions, Janette B. Whitmore Jun 2023

Feeling The Burn: A Phenomenological Study On Burnout Among Adjunct Professors At Higher Education Institutions, Janette B. Whitmore

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of burnout among adjunct professors at higher education institutions. The central research question guiding this study was what are the lived experiences of burnout among adjunct professors at higher education institutions? This study found that adjunct professors burned-out due to their higher education institutions’ unreasonable work expectations, tight deadlines, and lack of resources. Using the guiding theory of job demands and resources (JD-R) developed by Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, and Schaufeli, the phenomenon’s essence was discovered as it highlighted how excessive work demands and a lack of resources …


The Difference In Oral Reading Fluency Scores Among Rural, Urban, And Suburban School Locations When Using Istation, Christen Nicole Lee Jun 2023

The Difference In Oral Reading Fluency Scores Among Rural, Urban, And Suburban School Locations When Using Istation, Christen Nicole Lee

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, casual-comparative study was to determine if there is a difference in reading fluency scores among students in grades kindergarten through second grade using the Istation reading program. The importance of the study focused on the link between student’s oral reading fluency and overall reading comprehension. This study focused on approximately 3,000 kindergarten through second grade students from a total of nine elementary schools in central North Carolina. Three schools were located in a rural area of the community, three from an urban area and three from a suburban area. The data from students beginning of …


Enhancing Culturally Responsive Practices: A Phenomenological Study On How Elementary School Leaders Demonstrate Cultural Proficiency In Teacher Development, Dana Synora Jones May 2023

Enhancing Culturally Responsive Practices: A Phenomenological Study On How Elementary School Leaders Demonstrate Cultural Proficiency In Teacher Development, Dana Synora Jones

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In education, a lack of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) may mute the success of students of color. A lack of culturally responsive pedagogy practices can drastically alter students’ educational outcomes and their outlook on the value of education. This hermeneutic phenomenology explored the experiences of elementary school leaders on their mission to implement culturally responsive practices through teacher professional development. The theory guiding this study is Khalifa’s theory on Culturally Responsive School Leadership which was developed to make teaching and the entire school environment responsive to the schooling needs of all demographics of children. This phenomenological study focused on teachers’ …