Education Commons^™

沒有年齡的課室 : 跨代共學實務手冊, 陳曉瑩, 伍婉萍, 袁沅玉, 周頌聲, 杜詠詩, 馮明穗, 陳澤群, 劉嘉慶, 鄺家宗

Manual & Guide 手冊及指引

由周大福慈善基金及和悦慈善基金共同捐助、和悦社會企業舉辦的「沒有年齡的課室」項目，建構香港首個跨代學習空間，推動「長幼共學」理念，讓長者及幼童共同體驗成長及學習的過程，增加跨代互動，促進了解及尊重。

《沒有年齡的課室 : 跨代共學實務手冊》收錄了嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心為「沒有年齡的課室」項目進行的成效評估研究結果，同時收錄了教學團隊設計的課程教案及活動設計，記錄曾面對的困難和具體改善建議，供有意舉辦跨代共學活動的幼兒及社福機構參考。

沒有年齡的課室 : 成效評估研究報告, Meng Soi, Florence Fong, Chak Kwan, Dickon Chan, Ka Hing, Calvin Lau, Ka Chung, Tom Kwong

APIAS Research Report 研究報告

背景

香港人口老齡化的趨勢持續加劇，傳統的家庭照顧模式已難以滿足老年人和幼童在身心發展上的需求，需要探索新的跨代互助模式。因此，和悅社會企業於2023 年夏季舉辦了一項名為「沒有年齡的課室」的計劃（以下簡稱「計劃」/「課程」）。該課程旨在為長者及幼童提供共學的機會，推動跨代連結與互惠。為了更客觀地檢視「沒有年齡的課室」的實施情況與成效，以及探討在香港推行跨代共學的可行性，和悅社會企業委託嶺南大學亞太老年學研究中心對該課程進行了評估研究，並撰寫了此報告以供相關持分者參考。

研究方法

2. 研究採用定量研究及定性研究的數據收集和分析的混合研究法 (Mixed Methods) 進行。除了透過問卷調查和聚焦小組去收集參加者對課程的看法外，同時分析課程的數據、進行實地觀察，以及檢視相關文獻資料，從而更全面地瞭解整個課程的實施情況、對參與者的影響，以及探討計劃未來的發展方向。

研究結果

3. 本研究於2023年6月至9月期間成功對實驗組及對照組參加者進行了兩輪問卷調查，收集參加者的意見。調查結果顯示，長者及幼童的家長讓他們的孩子參與計劃的最主要原因是為了「想學習新知識 」(長者學員：72%；幼童：73%)，其次為「進行跨代接觸交流」 (長者學員：60%；幼童家長：54%)，第三個主要原因是可以「嘗試新事物」(長者學員：40%；幼童：54%)，以及可以「認識新朋友」 (長者學員：36%；幼童家長：50%)。至於計劃對參加者的影響方面，本研究透過比較實驗組 (即參加「沒有年齡的課室」的長者及幼童學員) 與對照組 (即課程無長幼共學成份)參加者在對雙方態度、自尊心及自信、社交技巧等方面的前後變化。從分析結果顯示，長幼學員在修畢本課程後，對彼此的態度 (長者學員對幼童態度：實驗組增長17%，對照組下降1%；幼童學員對長者態度：實驗組增長19%，對照組增長7%) 及幼童學員的社交技巧 (實驗組增長9%，對照組增長1%) 之增長達統計學顯著程度，足見本課程成功透過長幼共學的方式去改善長幼對彼此的觀感和態度。至於對課程的體驗方面，長者學員及幼童學員之家長均給予高度評價和評分，以1-7分為量表去評價，參加者普遍對課程感到十分滿意 (長者學員：平均分為6.07分；幼童學員：6.29分)、並表示若和悅社會企業日後舉行類似課程會再次參加(長者學員：平均分為5.33分；幼童學員：6.41分) 和向別人推薦此類課程 (長者學員：平均分為5.33分；幼童學員：6.29分)。概括而言，從統計結果反映了課程為參加者帶來很多正面影響，特別是長者或幼童態度之改善比沒有跨代共學成份的課程更為顯著。

4. 此外，本研究邀請了參與課程的長者、幼童家長、和推行「沒有年齡的課室」計劃的同工進行了3 場聚焦小組以深化對問卷調查結果，並進一步探討可如何改善計劃之推行及在社區推廣跨代共學的模式。從結果顯示，長幼學員透過參與本課程互相接觸及互動，增加彼此了解，使彼此的觀感及態度亦變得正面，達到促進跨代共融的目標。同時，幼童的社交技巧、接觸長者的動機及幼童的個人成長亦有所提升。長幼學員、課程導師及項目統籌人員均表示參加者能愉快地學習和十分享受參與本課程。

5. 從不同的的數據作綜合分析，促進「沒有年齡的課室」的成功因素包括: (i) 1對1的長幼配對，增加長幼學員之互動機會以便建立互信關係以及日後的情感聯繫； (ii) 課程時間節數安排要配合幼童的學習時間表 (如與暑假活動分開、每堂時數能讓幼童學員專心等) ；及 (iii) 招募適合的參加者，以其年齡、興趣喜好及性別進行配對 (如女性參加者明顯更為適合參與此類以幼童為對象的活動計劃)。

6. 關於課程的未來發展，研究建議推行機構可考慮以下5 個要點：(i) 除以1對1長幼配對外，亦可考慮同時加入1位長者對數名幼童，或1名幼童對數名長者的混合模式，這樣可以增加長幼學員與不同參加者的互動機會，進一步培養社交技巧；(ii) 可增加針對長者學員的課程內容 ，讓長者以學生身份投入各個課程活動；(iii) 讓一些能力比較高的長者參與課程設計及教材 (如讓長者準備自己過去相片與幼童分享過去時代點滴生活)，為長者充權；(iv) 微調課堂時間以配合長者的活動時間表 (如可參考現時日間長者中心的活動時間)；及 (v) 增加人手安排編制至5至8人，以便在推行活動過程中提供適時的支援 (如增設社工以應付課堂上幼童學員突發的情緒問題)。

總結

7. 綜合各種數數據證明「沒有年齡的課室」有效促進跨代共學與互助，為長者建立正面形象、提升他們的生活質素、亦能令幼童認識如何與長者溝通，改善社交技巧以及提升自尊感等。因此，其他長者服務機構、企業及教育團體可以仿傚此活動，在幼稚園 (即幼兒期) 便引入跨代共學的元素，促進代際間情感、知識與文化的傳遞，重塑「老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼」的價值觀，建立一個強調代間互助和共融的社會。

Students' Attitudes On Online And Face-To-Face Learning During Covid-19 : A Qualitative Study, Yanying Liu

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore Lingnan University students’ attitudes on online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19. In early 2020, the sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic continued across the world and the epidemic had a profound impact on the teaching and learning. In order to reduce potential communication risks, universities have adopted the method of online learning to carry out learning task instead of face-to-face learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

From the perspective of students, this dissertation explores students’ attitudes on online and face-to-face learning during COVID-19 based on the Community of Inquiry Framework. The participants of …

The Impact Of Parental Involvement In School Readiness On First-Grade Students' Learning Style And Cognitive Development In Shenzhen, China, Hua Li

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

In recent years, children’s school readiness has become a hot spot in child development research. Cognitive development and learning style are critical to children’s growth and development. Further research on this topic can help parents participate in their children’s admission preparation and aid in the early recognition and timely intervention of children facing potential risks.

Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, this qualitative study used the socioeconomic profile data of 24 parent participants to understand how their participation in their children’s school readiness affects these children’s cognition and learning style after entering the first grade in public, private, and international primary …

Experiences Of First-Generation Students In A Large Public University In Ghana : A Phenomenological Study, Jacob Oppong Nkansah

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

In this study, first-generation students (FGS) experiences in the higher education system of Ghana were explored. Only a few studies in Africa, notably Ghana, have focused on the concept of FGS. FGS are conceptualized as learners whose parents didn’t complete or attend university and are the first in their nuclear families to seek for higher education. This research looked into FGS experiences at the University of Education Winneba, which is a large public university viewed as a haven for FGS in Ghana because of its mandate to train teachers for immediate employment. The study explored FGS motivations for pursuing higher …

Examining The Roles Of Family And School Social Capital On Academic Achievements Of Sixth-Grade Students Between Migrant Private Schools And Public Schools In Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, Sudan Wu

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

Background: During the rapid development in Shenzhen, it has drawn millions of workers from all over the country accompanied with their family. And Bao’an District as the biggest district in Shenzhen, it has 4.49 million of population, including 0.89 million local hukou residents. Due to the hukou system, 177,682 students enrolled in public schools while 189,287 in migrant private schools. School facilities and teacher quality varied from public schools and migrant private schools lead to widening gaps of the academic achievements between students in migrant private schools and public schools. The equity for migrant children becomes a topical issue in …

A Qualitative Study Of Approaches To Implementing Basic Education Internationalization In Shenzhen, Xue Cao

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

The Chinese government’s Education Modernization 2035 plan puts forward goals for China to achieve education modernization and become an education powerhouse by 2035. As a cornerstone of education development, basic education internationalization is an essential part of the country’s educational reforms. In 2019, the Outline for the Development of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area explicitly called for building an internationalization education demonstration zone. However, in one of the cities in the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen, the implementation of basic education internationalization has not been completely successful. The problem facing Shenzhen is that the traditional approach to internationalization, which is …

Examining The University Supports And International Students' Psychological Well-Being During The Covid-19 Pandemic : A Case Study Of A University In Mainland China, Zeyu Kang

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

The higher education sector in China has attracted many university students from different countries since the 21st century, reflecting the flow of international students over recent years. The onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic was unprecedented to most of the world, especially for international students in China. These students had to rapidly adapt to the "new normal", which included significant changes to their academic and social lives. The impact of such changes on their overall well-being is a subject of research in China and globally. This study adapts Ryff's (1995) concepts of psychological well-being and Turner's (2009) stress process model as …

Examining The Intentions To Seek Postgraduate Education (Professional Degree) Amongst University Students In China : The Moderating Role Of Chinese Social Network, Ao Liang

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (Doctoral degree)

Background: In 2020, the Degree Committee of the State Council collaborated with the Ministry of Education in advocating the policy of ‘Postgraduate education of professional degree development plan (2020–2025), to continuously increase postgraduate education (professional degree) enrolment. Policy implementations by the Chinese government on the development of postgraduate educations how that many efforts and inputs have been made previously on the professional degree of the Chinese government (e.g., reducing the corresponding quota number of 5%–10% of academic degree and providing near 1.2 trillion RMB for the development of professional degrees).However, the results of expansion on professional postgraduate degrees have not …

From Training To Improving Classroom Practices: Learning From School Improvement Program Intervention In A Mountainous Public Secondary School In Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Abdul Wali Khan

Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) Working Paper Series

This study reports learning from a professional development (PD) session and classroom action research from an English class conducted in the mountainous northern part of Pakistan. The researcher got training from Professional Development Centre North (PDCN) as a member of the Quality Assurance Team and then conducted a five-day workshop for teachers on various general teaching techniques, lesson planning, writing reflections/portfolios and classroom management. After the sessions, the teachers applied these knowledge and skills in their respective classes, and English teachers did action research with the researcher to improve the language skills of grade 7 students for three cycles. Pre- …

School-Based Teachers’ Professional Development Policies: Learning From The Practices Of English Classroom At Public Secondary School In Northern Pakistan, Abdul Wali Khan

IPS Policy Brief

Professional development (PD) is critically important for the professional survival of classroom-level teachers across the globe and Pakistan is no exception. Mentoring and action research are one of the various forms of PD. Conducting PD sessions help teachers improve pedagogy, classroom practices and to become self-directed learners (Slepkov 2008; McNif, 2016). This study reports learning from a PD session and classroom action research from English class in a mountainous northern part of Pakistan. Techers were exposed to various techniques of general teaching, lesson planning, writing reflections/ portfolios and classroom management through a 5-day workshop. After the sessions, the teachers taught …

Integrated Learning Programme Guidebook : Term 1, 2020/21, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2020-2021 first term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Hukou Decentralization And Migrant Students’ Educational Opportunities : Case Studies In Beijing And Shenzhen, China, Bo Li

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Since the 1980s, ongoing reforms in China’s hukou system have drawn increasing attention from various parties, and a consensus generated during the reform period refers to decentralization practices. This research, with reference to new class and social class theories, investigates how social policies alongside decentralization of administration within the hukou system in Beijing and Shenzhen impact on educational opportunities for migrant students. Based on a total of 29 in-depth interviews conducted in these two cities, this research details the differentiation of decentralization practices and influences from two perspectives: 1) financing in private education; and 2) regulation in public education. In …

A Study Of Graduate Entrepreneurs In Urban China : The Case Of Shenzhen, Yuyang Kang

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

With reference to the Chinese government’s effort to promote innovation and entrepreneurship amongst university graduates over the past few years, this thesis explores the complexity and dynamics of young graduates’ entrepreneurship experiences in China’s innovation centre, Shenzhen. This research focuses on why and how graduates pursue their entrepreneurial ventures in Shenzhen and how the complex political, cultural and socio-economic nexuses of this city influence their experiences. In addition to in-depth interviews and social listening, this study applies the quadruple helix model on the local innovation system and adopts sociological theories on the employment destination choice of university graduates and guanxi …

Strolling The Lingnan Garden = 涓流彩園錄, 2016-2019 : 上集, Lingnan Gardeners, Kwan Fong Cultural Research And Development Programme, Lingnan University

Lingnan Gardeners Publications 嶺南彩園刊物

This current collection (Part 1) is a documentation of the Lingnan Gardeners project, from January 2016 up till December 2017. The 21 issues of Lingnan Gardeners Newsletter are collected here, which give some sense of what was happening month by month, in words and pictures. Included are also some related articles on the project, academic interviews, reflections on exchange visits and thoughts after gardening.

本結集 (上集) 是嶺南彩園項目從2016年1月至2017年12月的活動總結。這裡收集了21期《嶺南彩園通訊》，每月發生的活動和留影記錄在這裡。還收錄了一些與項目相關的文章，有學術訪談、交流回顧及參與者感言。

Strolling The Lingnan Garden = 涓流彩園錄, 2016-2019 : 下集, Lingnan Gardeners, Kwan Fong Cultural Research And Development Programme, Lingnan University

Lingnan Gardeners Publications 嶺南彩園刊物

This current collection (Part 2) is a documentation of the Lingnan Gardeners project, from January 2018 up till December 2019. The 12 issues of Lingnan Gardeners Newsletter are collected here, which give some sense of what was happening month by month, in words and pictures. Included are also some related articles on the project – academic interviews, reflections on exchange visits, thoughts after gardening, as well as information about our partners and Lingnan garden healthy recipes (part one and two).

本結集 (下集) 是嶺南彩園項目從2018年1月至2019年12月的活動總結。這裡收集了12期《嶺南彩園通訊》，每月發生的活動和留影記錄在這裡。還收錄了一些與項目相關的文章，有學術訪談、交流回顧、參與者感言、夥伴機構介紹及彩園食譜 (上、下)。

Integrated Learning Programme Guidebook 2019-2020 : Term 2, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2019-2020 second term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Integrated Learning Programme Guidebook 2019-2020 : Term 1, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2019-2020 first term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Integrated Learning Programme Guidebook 2018-2019 : Term 2, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2018-2019 second term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Lingnan University : Calendar 2019-2020, Lingnan University

Lingnan University Calendar

No abstract provided.

Integrated Learning Programme Guidebook 2018-2019 : Term 1, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2018-2019 first term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Lingnan University : Calendar 2018-2019, Lingnan University

Lingnan University Calendar

No abstract provided.

Integrated Learning Programme 2017-2018 : Term 2, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2017-2018 second term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Integrated Learning Programme 2017-2018 : Term 1, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2017-2018 first term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Integrated Learning Programme 2016-2017 : Term 2, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme (ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2016-2017 second term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Lingnan University : Calendar 2017-2018, Lingnan University

Lingnan University Calendar

No abstract provided.

Integrated Learning Programme 2016-2017 : Term 1, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme(ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2016-2017 first term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Integrated Learning Programme 2015-2016 : Term 2, Student Services Centre

ILP Guidebook

This Integrated Learning Programme(ILP) guidebook provides details about ILP courses offered during 2015-2016 second term in Lingnan University, Hong Kong.

Lingnan University : Calendar 2016-2017, Lingnan University

Lingnan University Calendar

No abstract provided.

Strolling The Lingnan Garden = 涓流彩園錄, 2014-2015, Lingnan Gardeners, Kwan Fong Cultural Research And Development Programme, Lingnan University

Lingnan Gardeners Publications 嶺南彩園刊物

This current collection is a documentation of the Lingnan Gardeners project in Phase One, from September 2014 up till December 2015. The 13 issues of Lingnan Gardeners Newsletter are collected here, which give some sense of what was happening month by month, in words and pictures. Included are also some related articles on the project – academic interviews, reflections on exchange visits, thoughts after gardening, as well as information about our partners.

本結集是嶺南彩園項目從2014年9月至2015年12月第一期活動的總結。這裡收集了13期《嶺南彩園通訊》，每月發生的活動和留影記錄在這裡。還收錄了一些與項目相關的文章，有學術訪談、交流回顧、參與者感言、夥伴機構介紹。