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Teacher Education and Professional Development
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
- Keyword
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- Aesthetics (7)
- Argumentation (4)
- Academic achievement (3)
- Assessment (3)
- Community of inquiry (3)
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- Gender (3)
- Symmetry (3)
- Teacher beliefs (3)
- Accountability (2)
- Art perception (2)
- Behavioral self-regulation (2)
- Classroom dialogue (2)
- Community of philosophical inquiry (2)
- Complexity (2)
- Creativity (2)
- Democracy (2)
- Dialogic teaching (2)
- Dialogue (2)
- Epistemic beliefs (2)
- Familiarization (2)
- History of education (2)
- Image manipulation (2)
- Image quality (2)
- Kindergarten (2)
- Mere exposure (2)
- Museum study (2)
- Periodic table (2)
- Philosophy for children (2)
- Photography (2)
- Psychology of art (2)
Articles 31 - 60 of 87
Full-Text Articles in Education
Creating A Context For Growth-Focused Assessment, Nicole Barnes, Helenrose Fives
Creating A Context For Growth-Focused Assessment, Nicole Barnes, Helenrose Fives
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
We present a naturalistic case study of one teacher’s development of a growth-centered context for classroom assessment. In-depth interviews, analysis of student work, and observations were used to identify the processes this teacher used to engage her students in the assessment process. Data were analyzed using listening guide analysis to garner a holistic perspective on the nature of teaching, learning, and community established in this classroom. Findings are described by aligning the specific techniques used by this teacher to the growth mindset supportive instructional strategies noted in the literature and then providing tips for implementation in a middle grades classroom.
Exploring Divergent Patterns In Racial Identity Profiles Between Caribbean Black American And African American Adolescents: The Links To Perceived Discrimination And Psychological Concerns, Delida Sanchez, Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards, Jamaal Matthews, Teresa Granillo
Exploring Divergent Patterns In Racial Identity Profiles Between Caribbean Black American And African American Adolescents: The Links To Perceived Discrimination And Psychological Concerns, Delida Sanchez, Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards, Jamaal Matthews, Teresa Granillo
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Using cluster analyses, this study explored the relations among racial identity, perceived discrimination, and psychological concerns among 189 Caribbean Black American and African American adolescents. Findings showed that for all participants, less mature racial identity profiles were significantly related to perceived discrimination and psychological concerns. However, nuances in racial identity profiles between Caribbean Black American and African American participants suggest subtle ethnic group differences in racial identity development. Implications for practitioners and research are discussed. Usando análisis cluster, este estudio exploró las relaciones entre identidad racial, discriminación percibida y preocupaciones psicológicas en 189 adolescentes afroamericanos y americanos negros caribeños. Los …
The Periodic Table And The Model Of Emerging Truth, Mark Weinstein
The Periodic Table And The Model Of Emerging Truth, Mark Weinstein
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The periodic table may be seen as the most successful example of inquiry in the history of science, both in terms of practical application and theoretic understanding. As such, it serves as a model for truth as it emerges from inquiry. This paper offers a sketch of a central moment in the history of chemistry that illustrates an intuitive metamathematical construction, a model of emerging truth (MET). The MET, reflecting the structure the surrounds the periodic table, attempts to capture the salient epistemological elements that warrant truth claims based on sets of models that are progressive in light of both …
Consequences Of Beauty: Effects Of Rater Sex And Sexual Orientation On The Visual Exploration And Evaluation Of Attractiveness In Real World Scenes, Aleksandra Mitrovic, Pablo Tinio, Helmut Leder
Consequences Of Beauty: Effects Of Rater Sex And Sexual Orientation On The Visual Exploration And Evaluation Of Attractiveness In Real World Scenes, Aleksandra Mitrovic, Pablo Tinio, Helmut Leder
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
One of the key behavioral effects of attractiveness is increased visual attention to attractive people. This effect is often explained in terms of evolutionary adaptations, such as attractiveness being an indicator of good health. Other factors could influence this effect. In the present study, we explored the modulating role of sexual orientation on the effects of attractiveness on exploratory visual behavior. Heterosexual and homosexual men and women viewed natural-looking scenes that depicted either two women or two men who varied systematically in levels of attractiveness (based on a pre¬study). Participants' eye movements and attractiveness ratings toward the faces of the …
Cooperating Teacher Compensation And Benefits: Comparing 1957-1958 And 2012-2013, Helenrose Fives, Tammy M. Mills, Charity M. Dacey
Cooperating Teacher Compensation And Benefits: Comparing 1957-1958 And 2012-2013, Helenrose Fives, Tammy M. Mills, Charity M. Dacey
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
We offer a comparative investigation of the compensation and benefits afforded to cooperating teachers (CTs) by teacher education programs (TEPs) in 1957-1958 and 2012-2013. This investigation replicates and extends a description of the compensation practices of 20 U.S. TEPs published by VanWinkle in 1959. Data for the present investigation came from 18 of those TEPs. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses were used to identify trends and make comparisons across the two time periods. Findings indicate that compensation for CTs continues to fall into five categories: (a) monetary compensation, (b) professional learning opportunities, (c) CT role-focused resources, (d) engaging CTs in …
Assessing Assessment Texts: Where Is Planning?, Helenrose Fives, Nicole Barnes, Charity Dacey, Anna Gillis
Assessing Assessment Texts: Where Is Planning?, Helenrose Fives, Nicole Barnes, Charity Dacey, Anna Gillis
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
We conducted a content analysis of 27 assessment textbooks to determine how assessment planning was framed in texts for preservice teachers. We identified eight assessment planning themes: alignment, assessment purpose and types, reliability and validity, writing goals and objectives, planning specific assessments, unpacking, overall assessment plan, and other. Themes were used to code the all texts and evaluated the depth of coverage each theme received: mentioning, elaboration, and how to. Findings indicate that classroom assessment textbooks (a) lack a clear focus on assessment planning, (b) demonstrate wide variation in the depth of coverage with little focus on “how to” related …
Breve Reseña Histórica De La Preparación De Magisterio En Los Estados Unidos, Jaime Grinberg
Breve Reseña Histórica De La Preparación De Magisterio En Los Estados Unidos, Jaime Grinberg
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This work presents a brief historical analysis of the history of teacher education and development in the US, during the19th and 20th centuries. It provides information about the conditions and evolution of such preparation, including the development of Normal Schools into University settings, political pressures, the impact of market oriented decisions, and the relationships with social aspects such as gender, social class, and status of the teaching corps, as well as discussing the pathologizing discourses of professional development for teachers. Such preparation has been uneven, often fostering a low intellectual profile, and with a focus on technical knowledge, which contributes …
Teachers’ Beliefs, In The Context Of Policy Reform, Helenrose Fives, Michelle M. Buehl
Teachers’ Beliefs, In The Context Of Policy Reform, Helenrose Fives, Michelle M. Buehl
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Teachers’ beliefs shape their practice. Beliefs, conceptions held with enough personal conviction to be considered true, serve as helpful heuristics for teachers embedded in the complex, ever-changing contexts of classrooms and schools. Three sets of beliefs appear essential to teaching practice, namely, beliefs about teaching, knowledge (epistemic beliefs), and students’ ability. Empirical research about these beliefs is reviewed in light of current U.S. policy documents of curriculum standards, the Common Core State Standards initiative and the Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Teachers’ beliefs filter, frame, and guide their perceptions and implementation of the new …
What's Our Position? A Critical Media Literacy Study Of Popular Culture Websites With Eighth-Grade Special Education Students, Ted Kesler, Pablo Tinio, Brian T. Nolan
What's Our Position? A Critical Media Literacy Study Of Popular Culture Websites With Eighth-Grade Special Education Students, Ted Kesler, Pablo Tinio, Brian T. Nolan
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This article reports on an action research project with 9 eighth-grade special education students in a self-contained classroom in an urban public school. The 1st author, in collaboration with the classroom teacher (3rd author), taught the students a critical media literacy framework to explore popular culture websites. Students learned to analyze these sites for issues of authorship; design; intended audience; ideology; and political, social, and profit motive agendas. Based in theories from new literacies, multiliteracies, multimodal literacy, and critical media literacy, the article addresses the following questions: What understandings as critical readers of popular culture websites did the students exhibit? …
Which Middle School Model Works Best? Evidence From The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Brian V. Carolan, Christopher C. Weiss, Jamaal Matthews
Which Middle School Model Works Best? Evidence From The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Brian V. Carolan, Christopher C. Weiss, Jamaal Matthews
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
There are few areas of school organization that reflect more dissatisfaction than how to structure the education of adolescents in the middle grades. This study uses multilevel models on nationally representative data provided by the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to investigate the relationship between schools’ middle-level grade span and students’ math achievement. Classroom quality was considered as an explanation for any relationships between grade span and achievement. Also examined was whether gender and family structure moderated this relationship. Results indicate that there is no generalizable relationship between grade span configuration and math achievement, but that measures of classroom quality predicted …
Learning To Teach For Social Justice: Context And Progressivism At Bank Street In The 1930’S, Jaime Grinberg, Katia Paz Goldfarb
Learning To Teach For Social Justice: Context And Progressivism At Bank Street In The 1930’S, Jaime Grinberg, Katia Paz Goldfarb
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This is a historical case study of the role of contexts in the education of progressive teachers and learning to advance social justice through teaching. The case focuses on how progressive education, progressive schools, and progressive ideas in the US, primarily during the 1930’s influenced a very distinctive program, The Cooperative School for Teachers, which became Bank Street College of Education, in New York City. And in turn how this program came to influence what progressive teacher education could be about. This paper addresses how students at Bank Street developed a sense of relationship between the need to understand and …
Assessment360: A Promising Assessment Technique For Preservice Teacher Education, Nicole Barnes, Anna Gillis
Assessment360: A Promising Assessment Technique For Preservice Teacher Education, Nicole Barnes, Anna Gillis
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The call for preservice teachers to exercise reflective practices has echoed through U.S. education policy and research for a number of years and is evident in U.S. preservice teaching standards. As a result, educator preparation programs are challenged to design learning experiences and assessments that foster reflection skills. This study describes a promising assessment technique, named Assessment360, which can be implemented during coursework to prepare future teachers to be reflective practitioners. Assessment360 is a formative assessment technique in which students reflect on the content of a quiz individually and collaboratively in order to develop a deeper and more integrated understanding …
Curricular Choice And Adolescents' Interest In Math: The Roles Of Network Diversity And Math Identity, Brian V. Carolan, Jamaal Matthews
Curricular Choice And Adolescents' Interest In Math: The Roles Of Network Diversity And Math Identity, Brian V. Carolan, Jamaal Matthews
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Background/Context: Over the last two decades, school districts in the United States have increasingly allowed students and their families to choose the schools they attend and, at the high school level, the courses they take. While the movement to provide more curricular choice for students and families has accelerated, so, too, has the policy emphasis on increasing students' math achievement. The increased emphases on curricular choice and math achievement provide an opportunity to examine how students draw on their social capital when making curricular choices and whether the diversity of their relational resources is associated with math achievement. Purpose: We …
New Public Management And The New Professionalism In Education: Framing The Issue, Gary Anderson, Kathryn Herr
New Public Management And The New Professionalism In Education: Framing The Issue, Gary Anderson, Kathryn Herr
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This article provides an introductory frame for this special issue dedicated to New Public Management and the New Professional Educator. We will intoduce the five articles and how they analyze the characteristics of NPM and this emerging new professional as well as forms of educator resistance and advocacy.
Exploring Differences In Practicing Teachers’ Valuing Of Pedagogical Knowledge Based On Teaching Ability Beliefs, Helenrose Fives, Michelle M. Buehl
Exploring Differences In Practicing Teachers’ Valuing Of Pedagogical Knowledge Based On Teaching Ability Beliefs, Helenrose Fives, Michelle M. Buehl
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
In this investigation, we assessed 443 teachers’ beliefs with the Teaching Ability Belief Scale (TABS) and the Importance of Teaching Knowledge Scale (ITKS). Using cluster analysis, we identified four groups of teachers based on their responses to the TABS reflecting Innate, Learned, Hybrid, and Requires Polish perspectives on the ability to teach. A comparative analysis, using the identified clusters, indicated differences in teachers’ valuing of teaching knowledge across the clusters. Teachers in the Learned cluster valued knowledge of theory significantly more so than other groups.
Academic Identity Formation And Motivation Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents: The Role Of The "Self" Between Internal And External Perceptions Of Identity, Jamaal Matthews, Meeta Banerjee, Fani Lauermann
Academic Identity Formation And Motivation Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents: The Role Of The "Self" Between Internal And External Perceptions Of Identity, Jamaal Matthews, Meeta Banerjee, Fani Lauermann
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Identity is often studied as a motivational construct within research on adolescent development and education. However, differential dimensions of identity, as a set of internal values versus external perceptions of social belonging, may relate to motivation in distinct ways. Utilizing a sample of 600 African American and Latino adolescents (43% female; mean age = 13.9), the present study examines whether self-regulated learning (SRL) mediates two distinct dimensions of academic identity (i.e., value and belonging) and mastery orientation. This study also examines whether self-efficacy moderates the mediating role of SRL between identity and mastery. Results show evidence for moderated mediation between …
Multiple Pathways To Identification: Exploring The Multidimensionality Of Academic Identity Formation In Ethnic Minority Males, Jamaal Matthews
Multiple Pathways To Identification: Exploring The Multidimensionality Of Academic Identity Formation In Ethnic Minority Males, Jamaal Matthews
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Empirical trends denote the academic underachievement of ethnic minority males across various academic domains. Identity-based explanations for this persistent phenomenon describe ethnic minority males as disidentified with academics, alienated, and oppositional. The present work interrogates these theoretical explanations and empirically substantiates a multidimensional lens for discussing academic identity formation within 330 African American and Latino early-adolescent males. Both hierarchical and iterative person-centered methods were utilized and reveal 5 distinct profiles derived from 6 dimensions of academic identity. These profiles predict self-reported classroom grades, mastery orientation, and self-handicapping in meaningful and varied ways. The results demonstrate multiple pathways to motivation and …
Men At The Crossroads: A Profile Analysis Of Hypermasculinity In Emerging Adulthood, Charles S. Corprew, Jamaal Matthews, Avery Devell Mitchell
Men At The Crossroads: A Profile Analysis Of Hypermasculinity In Emerging Adulthood, Charles S. Corprew, Jamaal Matthews, Avery Devell Mitchell
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The purpose of this study is twofold: to evaluate the factor structure of the Auburn Differential Masculinity Index (ADMI-60) and to investigate the varied adoption of hypermasculine attitudes within a sample of 328 collegiate males (M = 19.50, SD = 1.53). Factor analytic procedures were used to determine a factor structure that provided the best fit for the data. Four dimensions emerged: dominance & aggression, sexual identity, anti-femininity, and devaluation of emotion. Cluster analytic methods were used to determine a profile structure. These clusters were compared across variables associated with the construct: hostility toward women, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Results …
Neoteny, Dialogic Education And An Emergent Psychoculture: Notes On Theory And Practice, David Kennedy
Neoteny, Dialogic Education And An Emergent Psychoculture: Notes On Theory And Practice, David Kennedy
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This article argues that children represent one vanguard of an emergent shift in Western subjectivity, and that adult-child dialogue, especially in the context of schooling, is a key locus for the epistemological change that implies. Following Herbert Marcuse's invocation of a 'new sensibility', the author argues that the evolutionary phenomenon of neoteny-the long formative period of human childhood and the pedomorphic character of humans across the life cycle-makes of the adult-collective of school a primary site for the reconstruction of belief. After exploring child-adult dialogue more broadly as a form of dialectical interaction between what Dewey called 'impulse' and 'habit', …
Gender Processes In School Functioning And The Mediating Role Of Cognitive Self-Regulation, Jamaal Matthews, Loren M. Marulis, Amanda P. Williford
Gender Processes In School Functioning And The Mediating Role Of Cognitive Self-Regulation, Jamaal Matthews, Loren M. Marulis, Amanda P. Williford
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The catalysts for gender discrepancies across developmental outcomes are widely debated. This study examines cognitive self-regulation (CSR) as a mechanism for understanding gender differences in scholastic performance-both subjective school functioning and objective standardized achievement. Utilizing a national sample from the NICHD SECCYD (n= 1364), not only does CSR (i.e., attention and executive function) in 3rd grade mediate the relation between early mother-child interactions (at 54. months) and scholastic outcomes (in 5th grade), but it also predicts gender discrepancies favoring girls in grades, work persistence and socio-emotional development. Additional exploratory evidence suggests quality mother-child interactions may be more meaningful for girls' …
Preschool To Kindergarten Transition Patterns For African American Boys, Iheoma U. Iruka, Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Jamaal Matthews, Donna Marie C. Winn
Preschool To Kindergarten Transition Patterns For African American Boys, Iheoma U. Iruka, Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Jamaal Matthews, Donna Marie C. Winn
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This study focused on the transition patterns of African American boys from preschool to kindergartenusing the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) dataset. Analyses were conductedto examine whether socioeconomic status, parenting (i.e., emotional support, intrusiveness), and atten-dance in a center-based program predicted likelihood of being in a particular transition pattern. Fourpatterns emerged from the data: (1) Increasing Academically, (2) Early Achiever: Declining Academically & Socially, (3) Low Achiever: Declining Academically, and (4) Consistent Early Achiever. There was het-erogeneity in the school transition patterns of African American boys, with many showing stability frompreschool to kindergarten. Family income and parenting …
The Procedurally Directive Approach To Teaching Controversial Issues, Maughn Gregory
The Procedurally Directive Approach To Teaching Controversial Issues, Maughn Gregory
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Recent articles on teaching controversial topics in schools have employed Michael Hand's distinction between "directive teaching," in which teachers attempt to persuade students of correct positions on topics that are not rationally controversial, and "nondirective teaching," in which teachers avoid persuading students on topics that are rationally controversial. However, the four methods of directive teaching discussed in the literature - explicit directive teaching, "steering," "soft-directive teaching," and "school ethos endorsement" - make rational persuasion problematic, if not self-defeating. In this essay, Maughn Rollins Gregory argues that "procedurally directive teaching" offers an alternative to such approaches because it derives from the …
Using A Table Of Specifications To Improve Teacher-Constructed Traditional Tests: An Experimental Design, Nicole Barnes, Helenrose Fives, Emily S. Krause
Using A Table Of Specifications To Improve Teacher-Constructed Traditional Tests: An Experimental Design, Nicole Barnes, Helenrose Fives, Emily S. Krause
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
We investigated if instruction on a Table of Specifications (TOS) would influence the quality of classroom test construction. Results should prove informative for educational researchers, teacher educators, and practising teachers interested in evidenced-based strategies that may improve assessment-related practices. Fifty-three college undergraduates were randomly assigned to an experimental (exposed to the TOS strategy) and a comparison condition (no specific strategy support) and given materials for an instructional unit to use to construct a classroom test. Results of a multivariate analysis of covariance suggested that students exposed to the TOS strategy constructed a test with higher test content evidence but not …
Birds Of A Feather... Generalization Of Facial Structures Following Massive Familiarization, Pablo Tinio, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder
Birds Of A Feather... Generalization Of Facial Structures Following Massive Familiarization, Pablo Tinio, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Three experiments examined the effects of symmetry and complexity, as facial structures, on the aesthetic judgments of faces, and how these effects are modulated by moderate or massive familiarization. Results showed that symmetrical faces were judged as more attractive than nonsymmetrical faces, and simple faces were judged as more attractive than complex faces-with complexity defined as the number of facial elements. Complexity in faces seemed to have overridden the usually positive effects of facial symmetry. Moreover, while moderate familiarization did not modulate the effects, massive familiarization to a specific face type resulted in structural generalization effects: participants provided higher aesthetic …
From Artistic Creation To Aesthetic Reception: The Mirror Model Of Art, Pablo Tinio
From Artistic Creation To Aesthetic Reception: The Mirror Model Of Art, Pablo Tinio
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The fields of creativity and aesthetics remain relatively separate in spite of the great advances made in the psychology of the arts over the past century. This divide has limited our understanding of the experience of art. Here I present a model that describes the interface between the two sides: art-making and art-viewing. According to the model, aesthetic experiences mirror the art-making process in the sense that the early stages of aesthetic processing correspond to the final stages of art-making; conversely, the late stages of aesthetic processing correspond to the initial stages of art-making. Considering the aesthetic processing of an …
Student Thought And Classroom Language: Examining The Mechanisms Of Change In Dialogic Teaching, Alina Reznitskaya, Maughn Gregory
Student Thought And Classroom Language: Examining The Mechanisms Of Change In Dialogic Teaching, Alina Reznitskaya, Maughn Gregory
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Dialogue, as a communication form characterized by its commitment to inclusiveness and rationality, has long been advocated by educators as a mechanism for helping students become better thinkers. Unfortunately, numerous claims about the educational potential of participating in dialogue have not resulted in substantial changes in classroom practices. Studies have consistently shown that in today's schools the dominant discourse remains largely monologic. In this article, we present a testable theory of change that suggests how sociocultural processes in a dialogic classroom influence students' development.We identify and discuss three learning outcomes of dialogic teaching, including epistemological understanding, argument skills, and disciplinary …
Comparing Student Experiences With Story Discussions In Dialogic Versus Traditional Settings, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina
Comparing Student Experiences With Story Discussions In Dialogic Versus Traditional Settings, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
The authors examined the testimonials of 60 elementary school students about their experience during class discussions of assigned readings. They randomly assigned 12 classrooms to 2 treatments: Philosophy for Children (P4C) and Regular Instruction. P4C is an alternative educational environment that places dialogue at the center of its pedagogy. Ten students from each classroom were interviewed. According to the results, significantly more P4C students stated that they enjoyed expressing disagreement with peers, taking on new responsibilities, and explaining their thinking to others. More P4C students complained about the difficulties with getting the floor to speak, and suggested that changes are …
Examining Transfer Effects From Dialogic Discussions To New Tasks And Contexts, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina, Brian Carolan, Olivier Michaud, Jon Rogers, Lavina Sequeira
Examining Transfer Effects From Dialogic Discussions To New Tasks And Contexts, Alina Reznitskaya, Monica Glina, Brian Carolan, Olivier Michaud, Jon Rogers, Lavina Sequeira
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
This study investigated whether students who engage in inquiry dialogue with others improve their performance on various tasks measuring argumentation development. The study used an educational environment called Philosophy for Children (P4C) to examine specific theoretical assumptions regarding the role dialogic interaction plays in the development of individual argumentation. Using quasi-experimental research design, we randomly assigned 12 fifth-grade classrooms to two treatment conditions: P4C and Regular Instruction (REG). To document treatment fidelity, we analyzed 36 systematically selected discussion transcripts focusing on various features of classroom discourse. To evaluate transfer performance, we administered 3 post-intervention measures, including an interview, a persuasive …
Emotional Valence Modulates The Preference For Curved Objects, Helmut Leder, Pablo Tinio, Moshe Bar
Emotional Valence Modulates The Preference For Curved Objects, Helmut Leder, Pablo Tinio, Moshe Bar
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
Previous studies have shown that people prefer objects with curved contours over objects with sharp contours. However, those studies used stimuli that were mainly neutral in emotional valence. We tested here the interplay between visual features and general valence as positive or negative. After replicating curvature preferences for neutral objects, we used positive (cake, chocolate) and negative (snake, bomb) stimuli to examine if emotional valenceo-through response prioritisationo-modulates the preference for curved objects. We found that people indeed preferred the curved versions of objects to the sharp versions of the same objects, but only if the objects were neutral or positive …
Faces Versus Patterns: Exploring Aesthetic Reactions Using Facial Emg, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder, Pablo Tinio, Annekathrin Schacht
Faces Versus Patterns: Exploring Aesthetic Reactions Using Facial Emg, Gernot Gerger, Helmut Leder, Pablo Tinio, Annekathrin Schacht
Department of Educational Foundations Scholarship and Creative Works
We used facial EMG to examine reactions to the attractiveness of natural (faces) and artificial (abstract patterns) stimuli under long and short presentation durations. Attractive stimuli produced strong activations of the M. zygomaticus major muscle, indicating positive affective reactions; and unattractive stimuli produced strong activations of the M. corrugator supercili muscle, indicating negative affective reactions. Fluency effects, indicated by stronger activations of the M. zygomaticus major under the longer presentation duration were, however, only found for the abstract patterns. Moreover, the abstract patterns also were associated with more consistent activations over time than the faces, suggesting differences in the processes …