Education Commons^™

Xenophobia: Understanding The Roots And Consequences Of Negative Attitudes Toward Immigrants, Oksana Yakushko

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The current xenophobic cultural environment in the United States makes it imperative that psychologists understand the nature of xenophobia and recognize its consequences. This article explores sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants. Xenophobia is presented as a concept descriptive of a socially observable phenomenon. Historical and contemporary expressions of xenophobia in the United States are examined and compared with cross-cultural scholarship on negative attitudes toward immigrants. Last, suggestions are provided for how counseling psychologists can integrate an understanding of xenophobia into their clinical practice, training, research, and public policy advocacy.

Grade And Gender Differences In Gifted Students’ Self-Concepts, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Marla Read Capper, Regan Clark Foust, Carolyn M. Callahan, Susan B. Albaugh

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Gifted adolescents are poised to make important decisions that will determine the trajectory of their futures. A positive self-concept may lead to higher educational and career aspirations, whereas a poorer self-concept may negatively influence choices and outcomes. Research points to self-concept differences among gifted students of different ages (Chan, 2001) and genders (Hoge & McShreffrey, 1991; Li, 1988), with declining self-concept among females over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which self-concept differed among gifted students across grade and gender. Two hundred and sixty older adolescents (grades 8 to 11, n = 159 girls) …

Human Trafficking: A Review For Mental Health Professionals, Oksana Yakushko

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article provides a review of current research on human trafficking for mental health practitioners and scholars. In addition to an overview of definitions, causes and processes of trafficking, the article highlights mental health consequences of trafficking along with suggestions for treatment of survivors. Directions for counseling services, prevention, policy work and international involvement are also discussed.

Alcohol Expectancies Among High School Students In Inner Mongolia, China, Duane F. Shell, Ian Newman, Ming Qu

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective — This study examines differences in Chinese high school students’ alcohol expectancies by drinking status (nondrinker, occasional drinker, regular drinker) and gender (male, female).
Method — The authors administered the Chinese Adolescent Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ) to a convenience sample of 1244 high school students (M = 627; F = 617) from schools in Hohhot City and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, China.
Results — Differences were found in the 8 CAEQ factors (3 negative and 5 positive factors). Regular drinkers had lower negative consequences and higher positive perception expectancies than nondrinkers or occasional drinkers. Nondrinkers had higher harm …

Bullying: Understanding Attitudes Toward Bullying And Perceptions Of School Social Climate, Kisha Haye, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano, Courtney Miller

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Main questions: What are students’ attitudes toward bullying? Do those attitudes differ when students are involved in bullying? If students are involved in bullying, do they have different perceptions of school climate compared to those students not involved in bullying? Lastly, are students’ attitudes toward bullying related to their perception of school climate?

Bullying And Depression, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

A common misconception about bullying is that this phenomenon does not result in negative long-term consequences. In reality, children and adolescents who are involved in bullying face a host of psychological difficulties. Oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and depression have been identified as mental health disorders that are associated with bullying.

Bullying: An Age-Old Problem That Needs New Solutions, Shelley Hymel, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

In recent years, bullying has begun to receive serious research attention within the scientific community, with the first systematic studies on bullying emerging in the 1970s by Norwegian researcher, Dan Olweus. Today, bullying is recognized as a worldwide issue for children and youth around the globe, and research on the topic increasing exponentially. Media attention to the tragic deaths of youth who were victims of bullying has raised public awareness in countries around the world, and our rapidly growing capacity for global communication has given rise to an unprecedented international exchange of information, as well as cross-national studies of the …

Mixed Methods Approaches In Family Science Research, Vicki L. Plano Clark, Catherine Huddleston-Casas, Susan Churchill, Denise O'Neil Green, Amanda Garrett

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The complex phenomena of interest to family scientists require the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Researchers across the social sciences are now turning to mixed methods designs that combine these two approaches. Mixed methods research has great promise for addressing family science topics, but only if researchers under¬stand the design options and procedures that accompany this methodological choice. Discussions of mixed methods in the family science literature are difficult to locate, and little has been written about how family scientists apply this approach in practice. This article presents an overview of mixed methods research, including its definition, terminology, and …

Zhong Guo Chu Zhong Sheng Yin Jiu Xing Wei Yu Qi Ta Jian Kang Wei Xian Xing Wei De Guan Xi [Alcohol Use And Associated Risk Factors Among Chinese Middle School Students], Teresa M. Merrick, Ying Zhang, Ben-Chun Tian, Ling Qian, Ian M. Newman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective-- To explore the relationship between reported alcohol-use in Chinese youth to other reported health risk behaviors, and to provide bases for their health education.

Methods -- The data of 2003 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in China and related material of survey came from WHO website. SPSS 13.0 was applied for cross-tabulated data analysis and Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationships between alcohol-use and other risk behaviors.

Results -- Students who reported alcohol use within the last 30 days were also at significant risk from direct health behaviors, other health behaviors, environmental factors and psychological factors, especially …

Investigating, Educating, And Intervening: The Target Bullying Project At The University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Over the last decade, the Target Bully research team at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has collaborated with many schools and school districts to identify where bullying occurs and how to reduce its prevalence. As our experience has grown, we have developed methods and instruments to identify critical concerns of staff members and students. Therefore, we typi-cally begin this consultation by interviewing school administrators and if needed, distributing the Bully Survey (Swearer, 2001) to all students and when possible, teachers and/or parents. This procedure allows us to get a picture of the scope of bullying from the perspectives of students who …

Henan Sheng Liang Cheng Shi Gao Zhong Sheng Wen Hua Ding Wei, Yin Jiu Qi Wang, Zi Wao Xiao Neng Yu Yin Jiu Xing Wei De Yan Jiu [Study On The Relationship Between Cultural Orientation, Alcohol Expectancy, Self-Efficacy, And Drinking Behavior Among Senior High School Students In Two Cities In Henan Province], Ling Qian, Tao Hu, Ian Newman, Peisen Hou

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To explore the relationships between alcohol expectancy, cultural orientation, self-efficacy and drinking behavior to provide theoretical support for the development of education programs aimed at preventing alcohol abuse among adolescents.

Methods: An anonymous quantitative survey of 2756 tenth and eleventh grade students in six senior high schools in Zhengzhou and Xinyang city of Henan province was conducted in November 2005 and data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.

Results: The overall rate of drinking alcohol among participants was 56.5%. The median score of cultural orientation was 3.25(3.09, 3.42); of alcohol expectancy was 3.02 (2.81, 3.23); and 79.64 (60.36, 93.21) …

Conjoint Behavioral Consultation: What Do We Know And What Do We Need To Know?, Susan M. Sheridan, Brandy L. Clarke, Jennifer D. Burt

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The importance of parent involvement and home-school partnerships has been clearly established (Christenson, 2004). Research has shown unequivocally that when parents are involved in their children's educational programs, children, families, classrooms, and schools all benefit (Christenson & Sheridan, 2001). Professional organizations and the national government have also recognized the positive impact of home-school partnerships. Policy calls for schools to engage in deeper partnerships with parents and communities to meet the increasing academic, behavioral, and social needs of students (No Child Left Behind [NCLB], 2002). In fact, NCLB specifically calls for "local education agencies to assist school personnel to reach out …

The State Of Scientific Research In School Consultation, William P. Erchel, Susan M. Sheridan

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The overall state of scientific research in school consultation may be best characterized as promising but underdeveloped at present. However, it is decidedly not the goal of this chapter to provide a comprehensive review of the school consultation research literature that supports this assessment, largely because other handbook chapters successfully accomplish this goal. Instead, the two major purposes of chapter 1 are to establish an overall context for the handbook and to offer a preview of the book's content. To achieve these purposes, we present background issues, delineate significant influences on school consultation research and practice, specify the purpose of …

Final Comments On School Consultation Research, Susan M. Sheridan, William P. Erchul

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Writing an epilogue (i.e., an ending) to a text as forward-thinking as this one is a bit of an oxymoron. Indeed, it has been the intent of the coeditors to encourage authors not only to provide "state of the science" relative to consultation research in key areas, but also to look ahead and carve out important research agendas still facing the field. It was our hope that the ideas presented herein would stimulate and invigorate new research directions and agendas and spur researchers to tackle new and challenging issues to move the field forward. Many themes have been offered in …

Contributions Of Children’S Temperament To Teachers’ Judgments Of Social Competence From Kindergarten Through Second Grade, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Timothy R. Konold

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Research Findings: Children’s social competence has been linked to successful transition to formal school. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of children’s temperament to teachers’ ratings of their social competence from kindergarten through 2nd grade. Children (N = 1,364) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network participated in this study. Mothers rated children’s shyness, attentional focusing, and inhibitory control with the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire at 4½ years, and teachers rated children’s social competence with three subscales (cooperation, assertion, and self-control) of the Social Skills Rating System at …

Relational Aggression: Not Just A Female Issue, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

In recent decades, relational aggression has been type-cast as a female form of aggression and the literature has focused on the “gender dichotomy” in our understanding of aggressive behaviors. Girls have been characterized as more relational aggressive (e.g., threatening to withdraw from a relationship and manipulating relationships to damage others) than boys; and boys have been characterized as more physically aggressive than girls. However, other researchers have found no or weak gender differences in relational aggression. Our understanding of gender differences in aggressive behavior and how this affects the developmental progression of bullying and relational aggression among school-aged youth is …

"You're So Gay!": Do Different Forms Of Bullying Matter For Adolescent Males?, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano, Rhonda K. Turner, Jami E. Givens, William S. Pollack

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined effects of adolescent males' perceptions of being bullied because of verbal taunts related to gender nonconformity (i.e., "They say I'm gay"). Participants included 251 ninth- (n = 77), tenth- (n = 96), and eleventh- (n = 78) grade students in a private, all-male college preparatory school. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether they were bullied by being called gay. Out of the 251 participants, 121 (48%) reported having been bullied and 127 (50%) stated that they had not been bullied during the past year (2% did not report). Of the 121 …

Addressing Research Gaps In The Intersection Between Homophobia And Bullying, Dorothy L. Espelage, Susan M. Swearer Napolitano

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Bullying, aggression, and peer victimization among adolescents are significant public health concerns. Recent research has demonstrated that bullying and peer victimization sometimes include homophobic epithets directed at heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. It appears that being at the receiving end of homophobic banter generally contributes to worse outcomes among youth. This article highlights methodological issues in conducting research with LGBT youth, and stresses the importance of using theoretically and empirically supported definitions, including youth who are sexually questioning, focusing on multiple social and cultural contexts, and examining how support networks serve as buffering agents with regard …

The Effectiveness Of A Partnership-Centered Approach In Conjoint Behavioral Consultation, S. Andrew Garbacz, Kathryn E. Woods, Michelle S. Swanger-Gagné, Ashley M. Taylor, Kathryn A. Black, Susan M. Sheridan

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which a partnership orientation in conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) may predict case outcomes and determine the relationship between a partnership orientation and implementation integrity of CBC. CBC is a problem-solving process by which families and teachers work collaboratively with a consultant to address students’ academic, behavioral, and social needs. Twenty children, their parents and teachers, and consultants were involved in CBC services. Outcomes included parent and teacher ratings of acceptability, satisfaction, perceptions of effectiveness, and child performance across home and school settings. Partnership orientation scores and process integrity …

Dian Xing Xiang Guan Fen Xi Zai Zhong Guo Qing Shao Nian Jian Kang Xing Wei Ying Xiang Yin Su Tan Tao Zhong De Ying Yong [Multi-Factor Influences On Chinese Youth Health Behaviors: Canonical Correlation Analysis On Data From The Global School-Based Health Survey], Teresa M. Merrick, Ying Zhang, Ian Newman, Duane F. Shell, L. Qian

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To explore interrelationships among conceptually related groups of health behaviors in Chinese youth using the multivariate technique of canonical correlation to provide a multi-dimensional view of the component variables.

Methods: Responses on health behaviors from the 2003 Global School-Based Student Health Survey(GSHS) in China were grouped into four conceptual categories-health risks, psychological, behavior, and environmental and analyzed through canonical correlation using SPSS 13.0.

Results: Negative psychological state is reflected by high level incidence of being lonely, being worried, being depressed, considering suicide, and planning how to attempt suicide, while healthy behavior by low tobacco use, alcohol use, sedentary behavior …

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Use And Perceived Use In Non-Athlete College Students, Joseph M. Berning, Kent J. Adams, Mark Debeliso, Bryant A. Stamford, Ian Newman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The authors investigated the use and perceived use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among nonathlete college students. Participants: The authors surveyed a sample of 485 nonathlete college students at a major metropolitan university. Methods: They administered a survey on use and perceived use of AAS to the students. Results: Forty-two participants (9%) reported using AAS (37 men, 5 women). Seniors were the most likely to use AAS (36%), and freshman the least likely (7%). Thirty-four percent of nonusers and 41% of users indicated they knew between 1 and 5 AAS users. Of the total sample, 36% perceived that 5% …

Short-Term Memory, Working Memory, And Executive Functioning In Preschoolers: Longitudinal Predictors Of Mathematical Achievement At Age 7 Years, Rebecca Bull, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Sandra A. Wiebe

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined whether measures of short-term memory, working memory, and executive functioning in preschool children predict later proficiency in academic achievement at 7 years of age (third year of primary school). Children were tested in preschool (M age = 4 years, 6 months) on a battery of cognitive measures, and mathematics and reading outcomes (from standardized, norm-referenced school-based assessments) were taken on entry to primary school, and at the end of the first and third year of primary school. Growth curve analyses examined predictors of math and reading achievement across the duration of the study and revealed that …

The Social Coping Questionnaire: An Examination Of Its Structure With An American Sample Of Gifted Adolescents, Kathleen Moritz Rudasill, Regan Clark Foust, Carolyn M. Callahan

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Gifted students report that they are often perceived differently than nonidentified students (Cross, Coleman, & Stewart, 1993); thus, they employ social coping strategies to manipulate the visibility of their giftedness. The Social Coping Questionnaire (SCQ; Swiatek, 1995) was designed to assess these strategies. This studys purpose was to examine the SCQ’s factor structure with a sample of 600 younger (grades 5-7) and older (grades 8-11) gifted boys and girls in the US. and determine the tenability of the factor structure across age and gender groups. Participants’ scores were randomly assigned to either exploratory factor analysis (EFA) or confirmatory factor analysis …

Book Review: Social Identity And Its Discontents, David Moshman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

In 1944, a Muslim day laborer named Kader Mia was knifed while looking for work in Dhaka, Bengal, in what later became the geographically separated eastern part of Pakistan, and still later Bangladesh. His assailants were unknown to him except that they were Hindus for whom his Muslim identity was sufficient reason to kill him. Bleeding profusely, he stumbled through a gate into a garden where he asked an eleven-year-old boy for help and water. The boy called his parents and got some water, but Kader Mia later died in the hospital.

Risk And Protective Factors For Children Of Adolescents: Maternal Depression And Parental Sense Of Competence, Lisa Knoche, Jami E. Givens, Susan M. Sheridan

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

We investigated the relationship between depression and parental sense of competence to child cognitive outcomes for a sample of 49 adolescent mothers and their young children (Mean age = 9 1/2 months) enrolled in a student parenting program. Cognitive development of the infants and toddlers was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Maternal depression was assessed with the CES-D and parental competence measured with the Parental Sense of Competence Scale. Results indicated that maternal depression and parental sense of competence alone did not predict children’s cognitive scores; the interaction of the variables significantly predicted children’s outcomes. Mothers reporting …

Us And Them: Identity And Genocide, David Moshman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Genocide is commonly deemed to be either inexplicable or the result of special hatreds. I argue instead that genocide is an extreme result of normal identity processes. Four overlapping phases are proposed. (1) Dichotomization elevates one dimension of identity over others and, within that dimension, sharply distinguishes two categories: us and them. This may lead to (2) dehumanization, in which “they” come to be seen not just as different from “us” but as outside the human universe of moral obligation. (3) Destruction may result, accompanied and followed by processes of (4) denial that enable the perpetrators to maintain their moral …

The Effects Of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation In Early Childhood Settings, Susan M. Sheridan, Brandy L. Clarke, Lisa Knoche

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) is an ecological model of service delivery that brings together parents and educators to collaboratively address shared concerns for a child. This study provides exploratory data investigating the effects of CBC on home and school concerns for 48 children aged 6 and younger. Single-subject methods were used to evaluate the effects of CBC on individual children. Effect sizes across cases yielded large median effect sizes (0.97 at home and 1.06 at school). Results of paired sample t tests suggested significant improvements in parents' perceptions of communication with their child's teacher and in the overall parent-teacher relationship. …

Effectiveness Of A Computer–Facilitated, Interactive Social Skills Training Program For Boys With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Kevin Fenstermacher, Daniel Olympia, Susan M. Sheridan

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at significant risk for a variety of comorbid conditions, including social skills deficits. Although interventions addressing various aspects of social difficulties with these children have been developed, few researchers have integrated new technology with existing social skills intervention literature and investigated such approaches empirically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a computer-mediated social skills training program for children diagnosed with ADHD. The program presented specific social skill sequences to four children with ADHD in a variety of computer–facilitated formats with video peer modeling, social problem–solving, and reinforcement …

An Examination Of The Efficacy Of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation With Diverse Clients, Susan M. Sheridan, John W. Eagle, Elizabeth Doll

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study explored the efficacy of conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) by assessing objective outcomes and social validity with a sample of students with and without diversity. Diversity characteristics that were investigated included ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family composition, maternal education level, and language spoken in the home. Behavioral change, goal attainment, acceptability, satisfaction, and perceptions of efficacy of the CBC model were measured with 125 students representing varying levels of diversity, and 192 target behaviors. Data were collected across 8 years of a federally funded training program across two states. Findings indicated that CBC–mediated interventions yielded generally high effect sizes regardless …

Promoting Parent Use Of Empirically Supported Reading Interventions: Two Experimental Investigations Of Child Outcomes, Michael Persampieri, Valerie Gortmaker, Edward J. Daly Iii, Susan M. Sheridan, Merilee Mccurdy

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Two experimental investigations of the effects of parent delivered reading interventions were conducted. Tutoring packages consisting of empirically supported intervention components were delivered by parents for at least several weeks after initial parent training. Both experiments used single-case experimental designs and measured participants’ oral reading fluency in passages. Experiment 1 used a multiple-probe design across tasks (passages) to evaluate tutoring effects for two students with learning disabilities. Results indicate that both students increased their reading fluency and maintained those increases over time. Experiment 2 used a brief experimental analysis that included both experimenter and parent delivered instructional trials to validate …