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The Music Bluetooth Controller: An Intersection Between Technology And Music, Lydia Wu Apr 2022

The Music Bluetooth Controller: An Intersection Between Technology And Music, Lydia Wu

Senior Honors Theses

The modern musician faces a new challenge: how can technology be used to enhance a performance? This thesis documents the development of a Bluetooth remote controller that will aid today’s performing musicians by interacting with a digital display (e.g., an iPad) to flip musical score pages remotely. At its core, while mimicking a Bluetooth pedal (the current industry standard), this device attaches to the musician’s hand. In its pilot stages, the device has been referred to “MBC” (Music Bluetooth Controller).


Exploring How Catholic School Leaders Use The National Standards And Benchmarks For Effective Catholic Schools As A Framework For Accreditation: A Single Case Study, Andrew Michael Kremer Mar 2022

Exploring How Catholic School Leaders Use The National Standards And Benchmarks For Effective Catholic Schools As A Framework For Accreditation: A Single Case Study, Andrew Michael Kremer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore how Catholic school leaders in a Catholic diocese in the Midwestern United States use the National Standards and Benchmarks for Effective Catholic Schools (NSBECS) to inform their school improvement processes through accreditation. Through the theoretical lens of routinized action theory, the uses of the NSBECS for accreditation and the perceptions of the influence of the NSBECS on school improvement were studied. This study was guided by the central research question: How do Catholic school leaders in the Midwestern United States use the NSBECS to inform their school improvement processes …


An Examination Of Teachers’ Experiences With The Multi-Tiered System Of Support Process In A Middle School Setting, Martavious Kendrell Johnson Mar 2022

An Examination Of Teachers’ Experiences With The Multi-Tiered System Of Support Process In A Middle School Setting, Martavious Kendrell Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to understand teachers’ experiences when implementing the Multi-Tiered Systems of Support systemic framework in a middle school setting. The problem was teachers’ lack of emotional and tangible support from their schools when exerting time, energy, and resources necessary for successful implementation of the components of the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) framework. The theory that guided this study was Revans’ action learning theory (ALT), which consisted of four components: (a) problems, (b) clients, (c) self-advisors, and (d) processes. The central research question that guided this study was: what are the experiences …


Use Of The Music Syllabus From The National Standards Curriculum Nsc, At The Lower Secondary Level, In Kingston And St. Andrew, Jamaica, Ornisea Williams Hird Dec 2021

Use Of The Music Syllabus From The National Standards Curriculum Nsc, At The Lower Secondary Level, In Kingston And St. Andrew, Jamaica, Ornisea Williams Hird

Masters Theses

The Jamaican music education landscape has had a positive shift in the demand for music teachers who are educated to become classroom music teachers. Despite the growing need for trained music teachers to be placed in many high schools in Jamaica and the implementation of two curricula, there has been minimal study that assess how music teachers use the music syllabus from the National Standards Curriculum (NSC) in teaching and learning. The study joins a set of vibrant discussions on the development of music education in Jamaica and examines the use of the NSC at the lower secondary level (grades …


Difference In Reading Fluency Among Fifth Grade Students Attending Traditional, Stem-Related, Or Dli Programs During Soft School Closures, Patricia Daun Blanton Nov 2021

Difference In Reading Fluency Among Fifth Grade Students Attending Traditional, Stem-Related, Or Dli Programs During Soft School Closures, Patricia Daun Blanton

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to raise awareness of the effects of soft school closures on student reading fluency in traditional, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-related, or Dual Language Immersion (DLI) schools. There is little research on which type of school, whether traditional, (STEM)-related, or (DLI) program is the most effective at helping students retain or improve upon their reading fluency once those students have been in an extended soft school closure. The study used Acadience reading fluency scores from the students' fourth grade mid-year scores as the covariate and their fifth grade mid-year scores as …


James Doti And The 25 Year Transformation Of A West Coast University: A Case Study, Adejoke Kassim, Jim Zabloski Oct 2021

James Doti And The 25 Year Transformation Of A West Coast University: A Case Study, Adejoke Kassim, Jim Zabloski

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research was conducted at Chapman University, Orange County, California, to explore the transformational leadership practices of Dr. James Doti, professor of Economics and president emeritus of Chapman University from 1991-2016, who led its transformation from a sleepy liberal arts college in Southern California to a midsized university of national stature. The theoretical framework for the study was the transformational leadership theory by Burns (1978) and Bass (1985). This study investigated the president’s demonstration of the four components of transformational leadership as identified by Bass: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individual Consideration. Data collection was via interviews, document analysis, …


Solving The Problem Of Limited Parental Involvement For Reserve Component Military Families During Deployment, Jolene Marie Trout Oct 2021

Solving The Problem Of Limited Parental Involvement For Reserve Component Military Families During Deployment, Jolene Marie Trout

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this applied study was to solve the problem of limited parental involvement for military-connected students of reserve component (RC) military-connected families during periods of deployment at a small elementary school in rural Pennsylvania and to formulate a solution to address the problem. A multimethod design, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative approaches, was used. Five teachers who had a military-connected student, whose parent deployed while a student in their class participated in semistructured interviews. Five non-deployed parents and five teachers participated in a focus group. Fourteen teachers completed surveys. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the …


Effects Of Nonmusical Factors On Virginia High School Band Concert Performance Assessment Results, Larry Michael Seipp Aug 2021

Effects Of Nonmusical Factors On Virginia High School Band Concert Performance Assessment Results, Larry Michael Seipp

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Nonmusical factors affect the Virginia Band and Orchestra Directors Association (VBODA) concert performances and subsequent assessment results; namely, school size, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. A comparison of ratings given by individual trained evaluators demonstrates interrater reliability. A comparison of final ratings given at different assessment locations and times reflects the reliability of ratings. However, administrators and evaluators must consider nonmusical factors to report instrumental music performance results accurately. Predictor variables included SES, school size, and minority percentage. Outcome variables included overall band rating and band performance literature difficulty. Using an MLR design, the researcher compared data from the 2019 VBODA …


The Predictive Relationship Between Gpa, Cooperating Teacher Assessment Ratings, And Practice Teacher Performance Assessments Upon Successful Completion Of A Summative Teacher Performance Assessment, Robert Shane Lazzell Aug 2021

The Predictive Relationship Between Gpa, Cooperating Teacher Assessment Ratings, And Practice Teacher Performance Assessments Upon Successful Completion Of A Summative Teacher Performance Assessment, Robert Shane Lazzell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Ensuring quality within teacher preparation programs is critical to the success of producing excellent teachers. Numerous studies focus on the influence teacher preparation programs have on emerging teacher self-efficacy, but few studies explore the correlation between teacher preparation programs and successful teaching performance. This quantitative, correlational research study explores how well cumulative GPA, cooperating teacher feedback scores, and practice teacher performance assessment scores can predict performance on Pearson’s edTPA. The data for this study is collected from institutional records of 72 students at a Midwestern school of education. The results indicate that GPA, cooperating teacher feedback scores, and practice teacher …


Investigating The Predictive Relationship Between Sportsmanship And Class, Age, Type Of Sport, And Gender At The United States Military Academy, Daniel J. Furlong Apr 2021

Investigating The Predictive Relationship Between Sportsmanship And Class, Age, Type Of Sport, And Gender At The United States Military Academy, Daniel J. Furlong

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Traditionally, military leaders accentuate military skill development over developing the moral character of soldiers. However, researchers have made recommendations to investigate components of sportsmanship with the intent to align better with the goals of other development programs that seek to promote character. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational design study was to use a multiple linear regression on an archival data set of Character in Sport Index scores to determine if the linear combination of the variables class, age, type of sport, and gender have predictive significance for Character in Sport Index scores. Subjects included 8,701 cadets between the ages …


The Pastoral Leadership Crisis In Baptist Churches In Togo, Kossi M. Eklou Apr 2021

The Pastoral Leadership Crisis In Baptist Churches In Togo, Kossi M. Eklou

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The issues of leadership in Calvary Baptist Church in Lomé are unique. From the time the Baptist denomination entered the country of Togo in 1964, the election of pastors in the Baptist churches has been arbitrary. This system has engendered severe pastoral leadership flaws and the present crisis in Baptist churches in Togo. Calvary Baptist Church is no exception. The main problem is the lack of biblical training for men who lead the churches as pastors. In this project, I research and investigate what a lack of biblical training does to a pastor and the church. Though there are many …


Prevalence Of Cyberbullying Among Traditional Undergraduate Students Attending Faith-Based Universities: A Causal-Comparative Study, Susan Alice Hayes-Mcelroy Feb 2021

Prevalence Of Cyberbullying Among Traditional Undergraduate Students Attending Faith-Based Universities: A Causal-Comparative Study, Susan Alice Hayes-Mcelroy

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Cyberbullying among traditional undergraduate students is a relatively new issue that involves the safety of postsecondary students. The purpose of this study was to provide statistical data to faith-based universities that relate the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization experiences and the prevalence of cyberbullying offending experiences of traditional undergraduate students to biological gender (female/male) and level of religiosity (higher/lower), and to add to the small body of research conducted among this demographic. In this quantitative, causal-comparative study, traditional undergraduate students were recruited from two faith-based universities in the southern United States. Level of religiosity and cyberbullying prevalence were determined through responses …


A Phenomenological Study Examining The Experiences Of Female High School Career And Technical Education Completers Who Participated In A Technology-Based Program Of Study, Stephen Christopher Tate Jul 2020

A Phenomenological Study Examining The Experiences Of Female High School Career And Technical Education Completers Who Participated In A Technology-Based Program Of Study, Stephen Christopher Tate

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate how female high school students who earned Career and Technical Education (CTE) completer status in a technology-based program of study (POS) in Virginia describe their experiences. CTE completer status is defined as having met the Virginia Department of Education’s CTE completer requirements in a technology-based POS. This study was guided by three theories: Self-efficacy theory was applied as it relates to the participants’ status as completers in a technology-based CTE POS; Role-congruity theory suggests that men and women occupy social roles with attendant stereotypes which contributed to how participants described their …


A Causal-Comparative Study Of Christian School Special Needs Student Test Scores Based On Teacher Degree, Daniel Lee Riley Jul 2020

A Causal-Comparative Study Of Christian School Special Needs Student Test Scores Based On Teacher Degree, Daniel Lee Riley

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Special education is a field that is expanding at a rapid pace. A second field of education that has been in existence for only a few decades is the modern Christian K-12 day school. The merging of the two of these phenomena in education creates a research platform that few have studied in unison. There is little research when pairing these two fields, but the need to study them is great. This study will focus on the academic achievement of students with special needs, based upon standardized math and reading test scores, using the Stanford 10 (SAT 10) standardized assessment …


A Nursing Education Intervention In An Adult Inpatient Setting For Decreasing Hypoglycemia Incidence, Meredith Lynn Camilleri Jul 2020

A Nursing Education Intervention In An Adult Inpatient Setting For Decreasing Hypoglycemia Incidence, Meredith Lynn Camilleri

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Hypoglycemia can cause an array of outcomes including increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital length of stay. The literature revealed specific educational methods effective in decreasing hypoglycemia including case-based learning tutorials and unit-based lectures. Focused nursing education regarding the cause of hypoglycemia and understanding the importance of provider notification of hypoglycemia was also shown in the literature to reduce rates of hypoglycemia. The purpose of this project was to decrease inpatient hypoglycemia incidence utilizing a unit-based educational seminar as an intervention on a diabetic renal unit within a hospital. While anticipating a decreased hypoglycemia incidence after the educational seminar, an increased …


The Effects Of Enrollment In Remedial Classes On Students’ High School Graduation Rates, Amy Paulson Bennett Jun 2020

The Effects Of Enrollment In Remedial Classes On Students’ High School Graduation Rates, Amy Paulson Bennett

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects on high school graduation rates of students who are placed in remedial and non-remedial classes while controlling for the students’ attendance rates. The importance of this study is to identify indicators which can positively or negatively affect high school graduation rates. The results may provide information to improve the historical low high school graduation rates. It is a quantitative study using a causal comparative design. Archival data will be retrieved from four public high schools in the panhandle of Florida. 00 students will be sampled, with 00 female students and …


The Emdr Integrative Group Treatment Protocol For Ongoing Traumatic Stress With Female Survivors Of Child Marriage, Trafficking, And Exploitation In Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sarah Frances Walsh Jun 2020

The Emdr Integrative Group Treatment Protocol For Ongoing Traumatic Stress With Female Survivors Of Child Marriage, Trafficking, And Exploitation In Dhaka, Bangladesh, Sarah Frances Walsh

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study implements a pilot project investigating the effectiveness of providing the EMDR integrative group treatment protocol adapted for ongoing traumatic stress (EMDR- IGTP-OTS) to females in Dhaka, Bangladesh (and the surrounding areas) who have survived early marriage and sexual exploitation. The aim of the study is to reduce the PTSD symptoms of these women as measured by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-Anxiety & HADS-Depression). This study analyzes archival data gathered by Scaling UP EMDR. Few studies exist testing actual interventions to help the population of women or using EMDR-IGTP-OTS with …


Parental Involvement In Children’S Education At A Christian School: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach, Deborah Ann Minix-Fuller May 2020

Parental Involvement In Children’S Education At A Christian School: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach, Deborah Ann Minix-Fuller

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Parents share collective experiences of either involving themselves or not in their child’s education. This transcendental phenomenological study’s rationale was to explore the views, experiences, beliefs, and motivations of parents who are involved in their children’s education. Eleven participants who engaged in this research are from a small-sized Christian school in Kentucky. The theory guiding this study is Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory (1979), the Ecological System (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem). The data collected from interviews, a focus group, and two surveys. NVivo12 plus Qualitative Data Analysis Software (Q-DAS) implemented to analyze the qualitative data collected. Moustakas’ (1994) phenomenological seven …


The Impact Of High Stakes Assessments On Self-Competence, Autonomy, And Perseverance For Educators In Rural Middle Tennessee: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Lucas Charles Bowling Feb 2020

The Impact Of High Stakes Assessments On Self-Competence, Autonomy, And Perseverance For Educators In Rural Middle Tennessee: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study, Lucas Charles Bowling

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand, as a lived experience, the impact of high-stakes assessments on self-competence, autonomy, and perseverance for teachers in rural middle Tennessee. High-stakes assessments were generally defined as a summative assessment that provides data which could be used for employment, promotion, or pay-related decisions. The theory guiding this study was Deci and Ryan’s (2008) self-determination theory (SDT), which framed understanding a teacher’s determination to perform or avoid certain acts in relation to their innate psychological needs. The central research question for this study was designed to understand the lived experiences of teachers …


Educators’ Practices Involving Deaf Multilingual Learners: A Single Case Study, Mary Christine Thomas Dec 2019

Educators’ Practices Involving Deaf Multilingual Learners: A Single Case Study, Mary Christine Thomas

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this single case study was to identify instructional strategies, that takes into account language and culture, used by professionals and educators involved in the instructional process of DMLs at an elementary school in the southeast. The central research question for this study was: What educational assessments and instructional strategies, that takes language and culture into consideration, are used in the education of DMLs? The theory that guided this study was Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978, 2012) as it incorporates students’ culture and social interactions with peers and teachers into the learning process. This was a qualitative single …


Causal-Comparative Study: Differences In Academic Achievement By Levels Of Social-Emotional Skills In Grade Five Students, David Frederick Salvatelli Dec 2019

Causal-Comparative Study: Differences In Academic Achievement By Levels Of Social-Emotional Skills In Grade Five Students, David Frederick Salvatelli

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Students’ social-emotional skills contribute to academic achievement and life success. This causal-comparative study examined differences in mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) achievement test scores among grade five students by their levels of proficiency (low, moderate, or high) in particular social and emotional skills, namely, academic self-efficacy, persistence, self-control, mastery orientation, and social competence. Participants were 115 grade five students from Title I schools in a metropolitan school district in south Florida. Each social and emotional skill was assessed using the Child Trends Social and Emotional Skills Survey battery. Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Analysis of Variance, and post hoc tests …


Measures For Comparing An Augmentative And Alternative Communication Application For Use Within A Kindergarten Curriculum, Anna Camille Johnson Mckelphin Dec 2019

Measures For Comparing An Augmentative And Alternative Communication Application For Use Within A Kindergarten Curriculum, Anna Camille Johnson Mckelphin

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this study was to measure the influence of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) with symbol-supported communication applications (apps) on stimulating kindergarten students to increase expressive language in the general education setting in an elementary school located in Washington, DC. The study sample size was 31 students. The research aimed to identify these tools as an effective strategy to assist kindergarten students in using more verbal language, thereby lowering the risk of communication frustration and increasing the expression of learned knowledge. Language data usage was collected by viewing speech acts as operators in a planning system, then integrating …


Teacher Perceptions Of Assessments In Character Education: A Case Study, Sarah Hickman Nov 2019

Teacher Perceptions Of Assessments In Character Education: A Case Study, Sarah Hickman

Senior Honors Theses

Since the time of Aristotle, educators have emphasized character as a necessary part of a student’s education, and currently, many states mandate character education by law. Because of this historical and legal emphasis, there is a growing discussion on the necessity of assessments in character education to ensure that character education programs are effective. While there is research on the large-scale effectiveness of programs with different assessments, there is little research about how teachers perceive assessments and measurements in character education. This study was conducted to begin to address this gap in the research. Through the research design of an …


Mathematical Dispositions Of Novice Upper-Elementary Teachers: A Phenomenological Study, Leslie Anne Soltis Nov 2019

Mathematical Dispositions Of Novice Upper-Elementary Teachers: A Phenomenological Study, Leslie Anne Soltis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the mathematical dispositions of novice upper-elementary teachers by exploring their experiences as teachers of mathematics in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ball’s theory of mathematical knowledge for teaching and Bandura’s self-efficacy theory guided this study. The research project sought to answer the central research question: How do novice upper-elementary teachers perceive and describe their experiences teaching mathematics? Data, in the forms of audio diaries, individual interviews, and online focus groups were collected from a purposeful sample of 10 novice upper-elementary teachers. Data analysis followed a systematic procedure …


An Educational Intervention To Raise Obesity Awareness, The Importance Of Follow-Up, And The Need To Utilize Recommended Strategies And Interventions Among Advanced Care Practitioners In A Sleep Center Setting, Cindy L. Thomas Aug 2019

An Educational Intervention To Raise Obesity Awareness, The Importance Of Follow-Up, And The Need To Utilize Recommended Strategies And Interventions Among Advanced Care Practitioners In A Sleep Center Setting, Cindy L. Thomas

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Obesity is a national epidemic that affects approximately 40% of adult Americans. A lack of advanced practitioner (AP) knowledge about obesity and follow-up may contribute to the obesity epidemic. Diagnosing obesity and beginning prompt weight loss (WL) management with the aim to prevent the development or progression of chronic illnesses associated with obesity is imperative. Research has shown that WL of 5% to 10% of initial body weight can reverse or reduce the onset of chronic illnesses. The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) scholarly project was to raise the awareness of weight management resources among APs caring for patients …


Local Case Management Teams: A Case Study Of A Whole Approach To Ninth Grade Intervention For Students At Risk For High School Dropout, Jessica Anne Grant Jul 2019

Local Case Management Teams: A Case Study Of A Whole Approach To Ninth Grade Intervention For Students At Risk For High School Dropout, Jessica Anne Grant

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Based on existing empirical research, schools continue to use single intervention programs for intervening on behalf of at-risk students despite the fact that those programs do not meet with significant success in decreasing dropout rates. The problem is that the phenomenon of multidimensional approaches to intervening on behalf of ninth-grade students has yet to be explored and understood. The purpose of this single case study was to describe the critical case of Local Case Management Teams utilizing a multidimensional approach to intervening on behalf of at-risk ninth grade students in a large suburban school district in Utah. The following research …


Using A Student Success Course And Transferred Credit Hours To Predict Student's Likelihood To Retain In Online Higher Education, Bailey Patricia Anderson May 2019

Using A Student Success Course And Transferred Credit Hours To Predict Student's Likelihood To Retain In Online Higher Education, Bailey Patricia Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

As online education permeates a larger percentage of postsecondary student attendance, higher education institutions place a greater focus on online student retention. Online learners are entering college with varied backgrounds, demographics, and prior experience, yet most institutions are not differentiating the first-year programs for their incoming students with previous college-level experience. The following research used a binomial logistic regression analysis to explore existing, archival data to determine whether college transfer credit and a student success course can predict short- or long-term online student retention. This correlational study evaluated a randomized sample of 3,000 students who took a student success course …


The Impact Of The Success For All Classroom Model On School Climate And Teacher Satisfaction, Amy Lynn Chesnut Apr 2019

The Impact Of The Success For All Classroom Model On School Climate And Teacher Satisfaction, Amy Lynn Chesnut

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Providing quality education for students in disadvantaged communities has been at the forefront of educational research for decades. These schools struggle each year with budgets that fail to meet the needs of the school, low teacher and student morale, and low teacher retention. Success for All has been identified as an effective program to increase literacy skills and standardized test scores for disadvantaged children. The purpose of this quasi-experimental static-group comparison study was to investigate the impact of Success for All on teacher satisfaction and school climate in low performing schools. Teacher satisfaction and school climate have an instrumental, positive …


Assessing Content Mastery: Using Quasi-Experimental Research To Study The Effect That Standards-Based Progress Reporting To Parents May Have On Student Achievement In Science At One Georgia Middle School, Matthew Scott Odell Dec 2018

Assessing Content Mastery: Using Quasi-Experimental Research To Study The Effect That Standards-Based Progress Reporting To Parents May Have On Student Achievement In Science At One Georgia Middle School, Matthew Scott Odell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

With the establishment of standards-based testing as the key assessment of student knowledge gains and with the increased accountability first brought by No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and now with the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), the role of the teacher and the methods of assessment have continued to change. To reach the national goals established by NCLB and the state guidelines established to allow the states to guide education in the ESSA, the testing of students’ previous knowledge and the identification of their strengths has become important to show teachers how to meet their students’ needs. More empirical research …


The Relationship Between Test Of Essential Academic Skills And Nursing Final Course Grades For Sophomore Students In A Residential, Undergraduate, Pre-Licensure Bachelor Of Science Nursing Program, Tracey Milton Turner Oct 2018

The Relationship Between Test Of Essential Academic Skills And Nursing Final Course Grades For Sophomore Students In A Residential, Undergraduate, Pre-Licensure Bachelor Of Science Nursing Program, Tracey Milton Turner

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In light of the national nursing shortage, there is a heightened need to admit students to schools of nursing who are likely to persist through graduation. The purpose of this quantitative predictive correlational study was to determine if Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) subscale testing scores could predict the final course grade in a fundamentals of nursing course for sophomore students in a residential, undergraduate, pre-licensure Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) program at a private university. Archival data consisting of information related to sophomore, residential, undergraduate, pre-licensure BSN students at a private university during the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and …