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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Organizational Behavior and Theory
Third Party Access And Refusal To Deal In European Energy Networks: How Sector Regulation And Competition Law Meet Each Other, Michael Diathesopoulos
Third Party Access And Refusal To Deal In European Energy Networks: How Sector Regulation And Competition Law Meet Each Other, Michael Diathesopoulos
Michael Diathesopoulos
In this paper, we will analyse the issue of concurrence between competition and sector rules and the relation between parallel concepts within the two different legal frameworks. We will firstly examine Third Party Access in relation to essential facilities doctrine and refusal of access and we will identify the common points and objectives of these concepts and the extent to which they provide a context to each other’s implementation. Second, we will focus on how Commission uses sector regulation and objectives as a context within the process of implementation of competition law in the energy sector and third, we will …
Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Y. Padgett, Craig B. Caldwell, Andrew Embry
Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Y. Padgett, Craig B. Caldwell, Andrew Embry
Craig B. Caldwell
This study examined gender stereotypes for leaders using a more indirect method than is typical in stereotype research. Rather than reveal the leader's gender, this study used vignettes in which the leader's gender was unknown. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that participants were more likely to infer a male (female) gender identity than a female (male) gender identity when presented with a leader using a masculine (feminine) style. They also hypothesized that a leader using a gender-consistent leadership style would be viewed more positively than a leader using a gender-inconsistent style. Contrary to this hypothesis, results revealed that …
The Network Structure Of Exploration And Exploitation, David Lazer, Allan Friedman
The Network Structure Of Exploration And Exploitation, David Lazer, Allan Friedman
David Lazer
Whether as team members brainstorming or cultures experimenting with new technologies, problem solvers communicate and share ideas. This paper examines how the structure of communication networks among actors can affect system-level performance. We present an agent-based computer simulation model of information sharing in which the less successful emulate the more successful. Results suggest that when agents are dealing with a complex problem, the more efficient the network at disseminating information, the better the short-run but the lower the long-run performance of the system. The dynamic underlying this result is that an inefficient network maintains diversity in the system and is …
When Language Means Power: A Sociolinguistic Study Of Bill Clinton’S Between Hope And History: Meeting America’S Challenges For The 21 St Centur, Uzoechi Nwagbara
When Language Means Power: A Sociolinguistic Study Of Bill Clinton’S Between Hope And History: Meeting America’S Challenges For The 21 St Centur, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara
The acknowledgement of language as a medium for acquiring power is integral in all communicative situations aimed at rhetorical or sociolinguistic effectiveness. Every sociolinguistic setting operates with disparate set of linguistic rules in order to maximise power in such instance. Thus, the kernel of this study is to interrogate how power is exerted and couched in political languages or speeches that take as their primacy the social arrangement of the people being addressed. Studies abound regarding sociolinguistic strategies that are employed to gain power through well crafted linguistic pieces that pay attention to target audience’s social, political and cultural configurations. …
Investigating The Roles, Responsibilities And Practices Of Project Portfolio Managers In Australia: A Literature Review And Research Outline, Aileen Koh
Aileen Koh
Extract: Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is increasingly adopted by organizations in Australia. In order to select, prioritize and monitor simultaneous on-going projects with limited resources, there is a need for PPM to optimize investment by utilising a PPM governance structure to deal with constant change and focus on achievement of organizational strategy. PPM, due to its ambiguity and complexity, brings a great challenge for the project portfolio manager to manage its processes, people and practices. However, literature indicates that PPM practices vary and need to be adapted to organizational situations according to project types, governance types and environmental complexity.
Changing The Canon: Chinua Achebe’S Women, Public Sphere And The Politics Of Inclusion In Nigeria, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Changing The Canon: Chinua Achebe’S Women, Public Sphere And The Politics Of Inclusion In Nigeria, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara
This paper examines the subjugation of Nigerian women with regard to how their political marginalisation constricts the public sphere, the resource centre of public opinion, which strengthens the ideals of democracy and good governance. The political marginalisation of women in Nigeria is a rectilinear upshot of their low participation in government and politics necessitated by patriarchy. This patriarchal practice has animated the urgency of expanded public sphere as well as feminism, an ideological, aesthetic and cultural movement, steeped in agitating for the rights of women and expanding the frontiers of their participation in the political process. In the political novel …
Selection For Service And Sales Jobs, John P. Hausknecht, Angela M. Langevin
Selection For Service And Sales Jobs, John P. Hausknecht, Angela M. Langevin
John Hausknecht
[Excerpt] This chapter provides a review of selection research for service and sales occupations and is organized into three major sections. First, we describe the nature of service and sales work and define the competencies that underlie success in these jobs. Second, we summarize past research concerning the methods that have been used to select service and sales employees with attention to issues of validity, applicant reactions, and adverse impact. Finally, we discuss the implications of this body of work for practice and future research, highlighting several important but often overlooked issues concerning selection system design for this critical segment …
Retesting In Selection: A Meta-Analysis Of Practice Effects For Tests Of Cognitive Ability, John P. Hausknecht, Jane A. Halpert, Nicole T. Di Paolo, Meghan O. Moriarty Gerrard
Retesting In Selection: A Meta-Analysis Of Practice Effects For Tests Of Cognitive Ability, John P. Hausknecht, Jane A. Halpert, Nicole T. Di Paolo, Meghan O. Moriarty Gerrard
John Hausknecht
Previous studies indicate that as many as 25-50% of applicants in organizational and educational settings are retested with measures of cognitive ability. Researchers have shown that practice effects are found across measurement occasions such that scores improve when these applicants retest. This study uses meta-analysis to summarize the results of 50 studies of practice effects for tests of cognitive ability. Results from 107 samples and 134,436 participants revealed an adjusted overall effect size of .26. Moderator analyses indicated that effects were larger when practice was accompanied by test coaching, and when identical forms were used. Additional research is needed to …
The 'New Responsibility Paradigm': Implications For Strategic Competitiveness, Art Stewart
The 'New Responsibility Paradigm': Implications For Strategic Competitiveness, Art Stewart
Art Stewart
No abstract provided.
From A Mirage To An Oasis: Narcissism, Perceived Creativity, And Creative Performance, Jack Goncalo, Francis J. Flynn, Sharon H. Kim
From A Mirage To An Oasis: Narcissism, Perceived Creativity, And Creative Performance, Jack Goncalo, Francis J. Flynn, Sharon H. Kim
Jack Goncalo
We examine the link between narcissism and creativity at the individual, relational, and group levels of analysis. We find that narcissists are not necessarily more creative than others but they think they are, and they are adept at convincing others to agree with them. In the first study, narcissism was positively associated with self-rated creativity, despite the fact that blind coders saw no difference between the creative products offered by those low and high on narcissism. In a second study, more narcissistic individuals asked to pitch creative ideas to a target person were judged by the targets as being more …
Individualism-Collectivism And Group Creativity, Jack A. Goncalo, Barry M. Staw
Individualism-Collectivism And Group Creativity, Jack A. Goncalo, Barry M. Staw
Jack Goncalo
Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important competing hypothesis: Given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than …
Hidden Consequences Of The Group Serving Bias: Causal Attributions And The Quality Of Group Decision Making, Jack Goncalo, Michelle M. Duguid
Hidden Consequences Of The Group Serving Bias: Causal Attributions And The Quality Of Group Decision Making, Jack Goncalo, Michelle M. Duguid
Jack Goncalo
A long stream of research in attribution theory suggests that groups are biased toward attributing their success to factors that are internal to their group. However, the existing research has confounded two types of attributions that are both internal to the group, but theoretically distinct: (1) Attributions that differentiate between the contributions made by each individual group member and (2) attributions that focus on the group as a whole. This dichotomy is important because, drawing on theories of social influence, we predict that different types of attributions will have different consequences for the quality of group decision making. In experiment …
Can Confidence Come Too Soon? Collective Efficacy, Conflict And Group Performance Over Time, Jack Goncalo, Evan Polman, Christina Maslach
Can Confidence Come Too Soon? Collective Efficacy, Conflict And Group Performance Over Time, Jack Goncalo, Evan Polman, Christina Maslach
Jack Goncalo
Groups with a strong sense of collective efficacy set more challenging goals, persist in the face of difficulty, and are ultimately more likely to succeed than groups who do not share this belief. Given the many advantages that may accrue to groups who are confident, it would be logical to advise groups to build a high level of collective efficacy as early as possible. However, we draw on Whyte’s (1998) theory of collective efficacy and groupthink, to predict that when confidence emerges at a high level toward the beginning of a group’s existence, group members may be less likely to …
The Role Of Organizational Reality In Implementing Technology, Sakthi Mahenthiran, M. D’Itri, R. Donn
The Role Of Organizational Reality In Implementing Technology, Sakthi Mahenthiran, M. D’Itri, R. Donn
Sakthi Mahenthiran
Reports on the structurational model of technology which shows how workers who had the power to make the implementation successful affected the data that was collected and the extent to which management was able to use the technology to influence their work. Systems for recording job-related data; Analyzing organizational processes; Application of the structurational theory.
Correcting Turnover Correlations: A Critique, Chuck R. Williams, L. H. Peters
Correcting Turnover Correlations: A Critique, Chuck R. Williams, L. H. Peters
Chuck R Williams
In this article, the authors argue that turnover correlations do not need to be corrected. First, they maintain that correction formulas cannot correct for poor construct validity. Second, they discuss the original purposes of turnover correction formulas. Third, the authors describe the logical fallacies of correcting turnover correlations. Finally, they show why turnover correlations are not, as is widely believed, statistically limited to a maximum of .80.
Poetics Of Resistance: Ecocritical Reading Of Ojaide’S Delta Blues & Home Songss And Daydream Of Ants And Other Poem, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Poetics Of Resistance: Ecocritical Reading Of Ojaide’S Delta Blues & Home Songss And Daydream Of Ants And Other Poem, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara
ABSTRACT Nigerian written poetry spans about six decades, from its inception, and has been a medium of engagement, decrying colonialism, cultural imperialism, socio-economic oppression and political tyranny. Tanure Ojaide’s poetic enterprise follows in the footsteps of this mould of interdiction, which can be called resistance poetics. Particularly, his collections of poetry, Delta Blues & Home Songs and Daydream of Ants and Other Poems, are illustrations of ecocritical literature. Ecocriticism in literature is a form of aesthetics that concerns itself with the nature of relationship between literature and the natural environment. Ojaide considers the ecocritical art of poetry as a kind …
Where All The Children Are Above Average: A Meta Analysis Of The Performance Appraisal Purpose Affect, J. Jawahar, Chuck R. Williams
Where All The Children Are Above Average: A Meta Analysis Of The Performance Appraisal Purpose Affect, J. Jawahar, Chuck R. Williams
Chuck R Williams
More than 40 years ago, Taylor and Wherry (1951) hypothesized that performance appraisal ratings obtained for administrative purposes, such as pay raises or promotions, would be more lenient than ratings obtained for research, feedback, or employee development purposes. However, research on appraisal purpose has yielded inconsistent results, with roughly half of such studies supporting this hypothesis and the other half refuting it. To account for those differences, a meta-analysis of performance appraisal purpose research was conducted with 22 studies and a total sample size of 57,775. Our results support Taylor and Wherry's hypothesis as performance evaluations obtained for administrative purposes …
Methodological Challenges In Union Commitment Studies, Mahmut Bayazit, Tove Hammer, David L. Wazeter
Methodological Challenges In Union Commitment Studies, Mahmut Bayazit, Tove Hammer, David L. Wazeter
Tove H Hammer
Excerpt] Methodological problems in studies of union commitment were identified and illustrated with data from 4,641 members and 479 stewards in 297 local teachers’ unions. Using a 20-item union commitment scale, results confirmed the existence of 3 substantive factors and 1 method factor at the individual level of analysis: loyalty to the union, responsibility to the union, willingness to work for the union, and a factor of negatively worded items. Tests of measurement invariance showed that the scale captured commitment for rank-and-file members but not for union stewards. The authors also found partial measurement invariance between long-time and newer members …
Redefining The Epistomology Of The Coporate / Not-For-Profit Engagement, David Cooke Dr
Redefining The Epistomology Of The Coporate / Not-For-Profit Engagement, David Cooke Dr
David Cooke
An understanding of why corporations engage in corporate social investment and corporate philanthropy is vital if not-for-profit organisations are to engage effcetively in raising funds from this sector. This article indicates that their is a return on investment for companies who partner with the not-for-profit sector and approaches need to focus on this rather than an appeal to altruism.
Who Benefits From Teams? Comparing Workers, Supervisors, And Managers, Rosemary Batt
Who Benefits From Teams? Comparing Workers, Supervisors, And Managers, Rosemary Batt
Rosemary Batt
This paper offers a political explanation for the diffusion and sustainability of team-based work systems by examining the differential outcomes of team structures for 1200 workers, supervisors, and middle managers in a large unionized telecommunications company. Regression analyses show that participation in self-managed teams is associated with significantly higher levels of perceived discretion, employment security, and satisfaction for workers and the opposite for supervisors. Middle managers who initiate team innovations report higher employment security, but otherwise are not significantly different from their counterparts who are not involved in innovations. By contrast, there are no significant outcomes for employees associated with …
Mindsets: Sensemaking And Transition In Negotiation, Mara Olekalns, Philip L. Smith
Mindsets: Sensemaking And Transition In Negotiation, Mara Olekalns, Philip L. Smith
Mara Olekalns
A negotiation’s opening moments are characterized by high levels of uncertainty. During this phase, individuals screen each other’s behavior for clues about underlying goals and motives. Much of this information is conveyed implicitly by the language that negotiators use. The words they choose and the way they respond to the other party provide important clues about negotiators’ dominant goals and strategy preferences. At the same time, negotiators use incoming information to assess the other party’s intentions. In negotiation, this uncertainty resolves itself into questions about the other party’s trustworthiness. Because negotiations are characterized by a vulnerability to the actions of …
Juridische Kaders In De Sociale Economie: Een Rechtseconomische Doorlichting, Astrid Coates, Wim Van Opstal
Juridische Kaders In De Sociale Economie: Een Rechtseconomische Doorlichting, Astrid Coates, Wim Van Opstal
Wim Van Opstal
De sociale economie hanteert in ons land hoofdzakelijk het vzw-statuut en bestaat traditioneel ook uit (erkende) coöperatieve vennootschappen. In 1995 werd hier ook de vennootschap met sociaal oogmerk aan toegevoegd. In dit artikel bespreken we enkele randvoorwaarden voor een geslaagd ontwerp en een succesvolle implementatie van juridische kaders voor de sociale economie. Vervolgens bespreken we bondig de essentiële kenmerken van deze drie juridische kaders. We besluiten met een vergelijkende analyse en belichten daarbij de belangrijkste relatieve troeven en zwaktes ten opzichte van elkaar.
The Downside Of Goal-Focused Leadership: The Role Of Personality In Subordinate Exhaustion
The Downside Of Goal-Focused Leadership: The Role Of Personality In Subordinate Exhaustion
L. A. Witt
No abstract provided.
Managing Organizational Change: Leadership, Tesco, And Leahy's Resignatio, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Managing Organizational Change: Leadership, Tesco, And Leahy's Resignatio, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara
The central issues here are the consequences and the impacts of the announcement of the resignation of Sir Terry Leahy, the CEO of Tesco, from the organisation in March 2011. The announcement on the 8 th of June 2010 that Leahy, Tesco’s chief executive officer and one of Britain’s most respected businessmen, would be retiring after transforming the organisation into the world’s third biggest retailer, has generated a groundswell of reactions. The impact of this change, as well as how to manage the change resulting from his resignation is part of the concern of this report. Another concern of this …
Towards A Paradigm Shift In The Niger Delta: Transformational Leadership Change In The Era Of Post Amnesty Deal, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Towards A Paradigm Shift In The Niger Delta: Transformational Leadership Change In The Era Of Post Amnesty Deal, Uzoechi Nwagbara
Dr Uzoechi Nwagbara
Since the 6 th of August 2009 when the implementation of the amnesty initiative started, there have been reported cases of politicisation of the programme, loss of faith in the regime’s leadership style to drive real change, doubts about the presidency’s intentions and further militarisation of the region’s public space among other contentious issues. The Amnesty deal reached between the Nigerian federal government and the oil producing states, which was brokered by President Yar ‘Adua has been considered a mere ruse, a charade rather than a commitment to changing the culture of business as usual in the region. This paper …
Suchen Sie Mir Einen Kreativen!, Beat Habegger
Rethinking Bibliographic Control In The Web Environment, Karen S. Calhoun
Rethinking Bibliographic Control In The Web Environment, Karen S. Calhoun
Karen S Calhoun
Cataloging and metadata services have reached a crossroads. The digital age presents fundamental challenges to building and describing collections of interest to the communities that libraries serve. Since the advent of the Web, what has been fundamental to libraries and higher education, what has constituted professional wisdom and best practice-all have been disrupted by new conditions. This article describes the environment in which libraries are operating and identifies the key trends driving change in metadata creation and management. It also outlines the characteristics of a next-generation metadata creation and management platform for libraries, which the OCLC cooperative is planning, to …
Building Social Capital Through Corporate Social Investment, David Cooke
Building Social Capital Through Corporate Social Investment, David Cooke
David Cooke
Corporate support for the not-for-profit sector has been underestimated by many companies as a highly effective strategy to develop brand awareness, attract and retain top staff and build social capital. Some top australian companies have understood this and have well developed partnerships with the not-for-profit sector leading to mutually beneficial outcomes and positive societal impacts. In-depth interviews and case studies support this.
Safety Culture As A Contemporary Healthcare Construct: Theoretical Review And Research Assessment, Patrick Albert Palmieri
Safety Culture As A Contemporary Healthcare Construct: Theoretical Review And Research Assessment, Patrick Albert Palmieri
Patrick Albert Palmieri
GOAL. To analyze the theoretical underpinnings of safety culture and to provide an assessment about the state of safety culture research in healthcare. METHODS. First, we reviewed the concept of safety culture, including its origination, disciplinary influences, and associated theoretical tenets. By describing the literature and discussing the interchangeable use of the terms “safety attitude,” “safety climate,” and “safety culture,” we are able to present the conceptual attributes associated with safety culture and present a definition of safety culture. Then, we discuss the psychometric properties for the most widely used instruments in healthcare. The article concludes with a discussion of …
Safety Culture As A Contemporary Healthcare Construct: Theoretical Review, Research Assessment, And Translation To Human Resource Management., Patrick Albert Palmieri
Safety Culture As A Contemporary Healthcare Construct: Theoretical Review, Research Assessment, And Translation To Human Resource Management., Patrick Albert Palmieri
Patrick Albert Palmieri
Through a number of comprehensive reviews, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended that healthcare organizations develop safety cultures in order to align delivery system processes with the workforce requirements to improve patient outcomes. Until health systems can provide safer care environments, patients remain at risk for suboptimal care and adverse outcomes. Health science researchers have begun to explore how safety cultures might act as an essential system feature to improve organizational outcomes. Since safety cultures are established via modification in employee safety perspective and work behavior, human resource professionals need to contribute to this developing organizational domain. The IOM …